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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Durability, Composite Material

Abstract: Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC), even though a construction material with excellent performance is deemed to be unsustainable as per many opinions owing to its high cement content which raises the cost and pollution. This paper looks into the possibility of development of UHPC with high amount of cement replacement (around 70%) by two supplementary cementitous materials, slag and silica fume. The combination has been found to raise the early strength and late strength by approximately 10% and 17% compared to a control mix as opposed to low early strength development when only slag is used and lower late strength ( than the blended mix) when only silica fume is incorporated. The scope of this paper also covers the effect of curing method on strength development of the proposed UHPC mix and concludes that choice of curing medium and method highly influence strength development. It also addresses the optimal fineness combination of slag and silica fume which contributes highest strength. The promising point is that for a fixed water-binder ratio, even with such low cement content, concrete can show appreciable strength improvement when blended with two admixtures given that proper curing method and fineness of admixtures are properly chosen.
Keyword: Ultrahigh performance concrete, Silica fume, GGBS, Mineral admixtures, Fineness.
Title: Development Of Ultra High Performance Concrete Incorporating Blend Of Slag And Silica Fume As Cement Replacement
Author: Souradeep Gupta
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Research Publish Journals

- by Research Publish Journals
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- Fineness, Mineral admixtures, Silica Fume, Ggbs

The peculiarity of alkali-activated slag cements (further, AASC’s) is increased proper deformations, which can cause increased cracking and reduced durability of structure. The paper is devoted to manage AASC’s proper deformations. The main task was to determine the composition of complex additives (further, CA’s) in system «ordinary portland cement (further, OPC) clinker - mineral compound of different anionic type - surfactant» in presence of sodium metasilicate (further, MS) to affect on hydrated AASC performance while ensuring effective structure of artificial stone by criterion of shrinkage deformations. Comparative analysis of hydrated cement systems "OPC clinker - MS", "OPC clinker - mineral compound - MS" and…

- by Pavel Krivenko
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- Corrosion Protection, Concrete Admixtures, Corrosion Inhibitors, Admixture

Turkey is rich in natural pozzolan and pumice is abundantly found in several regions of the country. In this study, pumice powder (PP) and fly ash (FA) were used as cement replacement materials and the effect of partial replacement of PP, FA and their blends by cement on physical, mechanical and durability properties of concrete was investigated. Test results showed both PP and FA addition resulted in lower mechanical strength at early ages, but comparable strength at later ages compared to the reference concrete. Replacement of cement with PP, FA and their blends resulted in concretes with decreased water absorption, sorptivity and void content and higher magnesium sulfate resistance compared to the reference concrete. Since pumice is abundantly found in Turkey, this material might be used as an additive in concrete applications or as a precaution against magnesium sulfate attack.

Nous avons étudié dans ce travail, la possibilité d'utilisé le calcaire comme activant alcalin au lieu de la chaux, en association avec le gypse (activation mixte), pour le laitier en comparaison avec l'activation alcaline par la soude. Nous avons varié les proportions du calcaire et du gypse simultanément à (5 + 5, 6+6 et 7+7) %. Un melange avec (86 % laitier + 14 % gypse) pour la comparaison des effets des mélanges au calcaire avec celui du laitier avec gypse seulement ; ainsi qu'un ciment témoin de 100 % laitier activé par la soude (5 mol/l). Les éprouvettes ont été conservées dans une température de 20 ± 1° C et une humidité supérieure à 90 % jusqu'au moment de l'essai. Puis, nous montrons l'effet des additions minérales (pouzzolane naturelle) sur l'amélioration du comportement mécanique pour les deux modes d'activation, d'une façon à garder le pourcentage du laitier égale à 20%.

- by Zied Benghazi and +1
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- Mechanical Behavior Of Materials, Compressive Strength, Slag Cement Activator, Mineral admixtures

The substance of good quality cement is the necessity of right usefulness. Under various circumstances cement of various level of usefulness is required. A serious level of usefulness is needed in circumstances like profound bars, dainty segments with high level of fortification, shaft and segment intersections, siphoning of cement, tremie cementing, blistering climate cementing and so on The ordinary techniques for improving work¬ability are by improving the degree or expanding the amount of fine total or by expanding the concrete amount. In this study we are presenting review of literatires re;ated to utilization of plasticizers in concrete and its beneficial effects.

- by IJRASET Publication
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- Plasticizers, Strength of materials, Concrete structures, Mineral admixtures

Combustion of rice husk produces a supplementary cementing material known as rice husk ash (RHA). Current studies on enhancement of physical properties and durability of cementitious composites with RHA is limited to applications in conventional construction. Automation in construction using additive manufacturing technique – commonly known as construction 3D printing – is an emergent strategy. Since the printing process is formwork-free and requires a continuous deposition of layers with structural stability, mix design of a 3D printable concrete is different from conventional concrete. Portland cement replacement by RHA improves the sustainability of a mixture as a construction material. In this work, 20 wt% of cement is replaced with RHA. Compressive strength and workability loss of designed mixes - with and without RHA – were studied at early age and compared with fresh properties of proven printable mortar available in market. Incorporation of RHA has shown significant improvement in rheology of mortar at the rate required for construction 3D printing at large scale.

Les ajouts minéraux sont largement utilisés en substitution partielle du ciment
portland à travers le monde .Ils proviennent de sources naturelles (pouzzolane, calcaire ….)
ou de sous produits industriels (laitier, cendres volantes…), leur valorisation présente
plusieurs avantages : économiques, écologiques et technologiques.
L’utilisation de la poudre de verre broyé au remplacement du clinker présente une
voie prometteuse pour valoriser et recycler les déchets.
Certains ajouts cimentaires finement broyés ont une influence plus au moins marquée
sur les caractéristiques physico – mécaniques des liants en fonction de leur composition
minéralogique, leur finesse et leur pourcentage.
Nous traitons à partir de cette étude l’influence de l’addition de la poudre de verre
broyé sur le comportement physique et mécanique du ciment blanc, composé et du mortier ;
en variant le pourcentage d’ajout de 10%, 20%, 25%, 30% et 35%, et afin d’accélérer
l’hydratation de ces ciments on propose d’effectuer un traitement thermique par étuvage.
Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’une substitution partielle de 10% à 25% semble
être favorable, au-delà de cette limite les propriétés mécaniques sont affectées.

- by Zied Benghazi
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- Construction Materials, Glass, Cement, Mineral admixtures
- by Kritya Nand Jha
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- Civil Engineering, Radiation Shielding, Quality Control, Durability
- by Editor IJRET
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- Civil Engineering, Concrete, Mechanical properties, Curing Methods

In this study the effect of cement replacement with fly ash, silica fume and metakaolin on the compressive
strength, dynamic elastic modulus, chloride-ion penetration, water absorption, water sorptivity, and
freeze–thaw and sulfate resistance of the mortar mixtures were comparatively investigated. In addition,
micro-structural investigation was performed on some selected mortar mixtures, and regression analysis
was applied on the sulfate resistance test results. It was observed that, the presence of the mineral admixture
and its type changed the ettringite morphology. Besides, only ball-ettringite and a special type of
ettringite were observed in the silica fume- and metakaolin-bearing mixtures, respectively. The needle-
like and ball-ettringite formation were found in the fly ash mixtures. In the control mixture the needle-
like, ball-ettringite and massive ettringite were detected. Overall test results revealed that the
performance of the mixtures was arranged in descending order as silica fume-, metakaolin-, fly ash-bearing
mixtures and the control one.

- by Ali Mardani-Aghabaglou and +1
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- Microstructure, Transport Properties, Mineral admixtures, Durability performance

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) models have been extensively used to predict different soil properties in geotechnical applications. In this study, it was aimed to develop ANFIS and ANN models to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of compacted soils. For this purpose, 84 soil samples with different grain-size distribution compacted at optimum water content were subjected to the unconfined compressive tests to determine their UCS values. Many of the test results (for 64 samples) were used to train the ANFIS and the ANN models, and the rest of the experimental results (for 20 samples) were used to predict the UCS of compacted samples. To train these models, the clay content, fine silt content, coarse silt content, fine sand content, middle sand content, coarse sand content, and gravel content of the total soil mass were used as input data for these models. The UCS values of compacted soils were output data in these models. The ANFIS model results were compared with those of the ANN model and it was seen that the ANFIS model results were very encouraging. Consequently, the results of this study have important findings indicating reliable and simple prediction tools for the UCS of compacted soils.

- by samet erol
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Cognitive Science, Geology

Mineral admixtures are now widely used in the production of concrete along with chemical admixtures for enhancing the desired properties. The widely used mineral admixtures are fly ash, rice husk ash, metakaolin and silica fume. Used foundry sand is an industrial waste material. The feasibility of employing Pulverized Used Foundry Sand (PUFS) in concrete as a mineral admixture is discussed here in detail. For that M 40 concrete is designed and PUFS is added to the mix at the rate of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the cement content. Various tests were conducted to evaluate the strength parameters of the concrete with and without the addition of PUFS. It is observed that 10-15% addition of PUFS to the concrete mix gives good results.

- by Salim .P.M
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- Mineral admixtures

The environmental impact of concrete has become a significant matter of interest because many ready-mix concrete producers are now requiring sustainability. Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions are often used as an evaluation parameter to identify the environmental impacts of concrete production. However, there are very few reliable estimates available for the practical determination of CO 2 emissions in terms of all concrete constituents at concrete production stage. The aim of this study is therefore to provide data collected from raw-material manufacturers and ready-mix concrete plants so that practical estimates can be made for CO 2 emissions and resulting environmental impacts. Results will be evaluated in terms of raw materials, production, and transportation, in order to identify the potentially significant sources of CO 2 emissions. Emission results from the concrete production with ordinary Portland cement, blended cement and cement replacement with fly ash and slag were also examined, in order to gain further understanding of their efficiency in reducing CO 2 emissions.

- by Irem Sanal
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- Concrete, Concrete Technology, GHG Emissions, CO2 emissions

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is an advanced construction material in the rapid growing concrete industry which provides more advantages than Normal Vibrated Concrete (NVC) without compromising strength characteristics. For achieving these qualities Water Binder ratio (W/B) and chemical admixtures (Superplasticizer-SP) are playing a vital role in SCC. Also, the production cost of SCC can be affordable when the industrial byproducts such as fly ash, GGBS, silica fume etc are utilized. This paper reports the influence of water binder ratio and superplasticizer dosage on fresh and hardened properties of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) with partial replacement of Cement by Alccofine. Four series of SCC mixes are prepared by adding different percentages of Alccofine from 0 to 60% with two varying W/B ratio of 0.35 and 0.4 and SP dosage of 1% and 1.5% respectively. The fresh properties are determined by using Slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box as per directions of the EFNARC committee. The compressive strength is reported at the age of 7 days and 28 days and compared with conventional SCC. From the result findings, it is highlighted that SCCA30 mixture is showed better performance in all the series and series-3 is chosen for the finer performance to satisfy both fresh and hardened properties SCC.

Abstract— Copper slag is one of waste materials in the creation of copper, which can be utilized as fractional substitution of fine totals in concrete. This report shows the consequences of an exploratory study on different sturdiness tests on concrete containing mineral admixtures and copper slag as fractional substitution of cement and sand individually. In this report, M30 evaluation of concrete was planned and tests were directed with diverse rates of mineral admixtures with copper slag. The compressive strength is increased up to 10-20% mix of mineral admixture and copper slagged concrete when contrasted with normal concrete. Accelerated corrosion process by Galvano-static weight loss method is done to know the corrosion rate of concrete.

This paper presents the experimental results on compressive strength of cement mortar cubes. The cement mortar cubes were prepared with magnetic water, cement, mineral admixtures and normal sand. The variables in this study are magnetic water, mineral admixtures and curing period. On observing experimental results, the increase in compressive strength of cement mortar cubes is more due to addition of magnetic water in the presence mineral admixtures

- by GJESR Journal and +1
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- Compressive Strength, Mortars, Mineral admixtures, Magnetic Water
- by Devarakonda Balakrishnaiah
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Concrete, Mechanical properties
- by Ehsan Momeni
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- Civil Engineering, Cognitive Science, Geology, Composite Materials and Structures
- by Editor IJRET
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- Civil Engineering, Self Compacting Concrete, Mineral admixtures

Self-Compacting Concrete was first developed in 1988 to achieve durable concrete structures. Since then, various investigations have been carried out and this type of concrete has been used in practical structures in Japan, mainly by large construction companies. Investigations for establishing a rational mix-design method and self-compactability testing methods have been carried out from the viewpoint of making self-compacting concrete a standard concrete.
Admixtures are materials other than water, aggregate, cement, used as an ingredient of concrete or mortar added to the batch immediately before or during mixing. There are two kinds of admixtures: Chemical admixtures and Mineral admixtures. Mineral admixtures include Pozzolanic materials like Low-Calcium FlyAsh, Cementitious material like Granulated Iron Blast-Furnace Slag and both Pozzolanic and Cementitious material like High Calcium FlyAsh. Mineral admixtures also include natural materials like Volcanic Ash and By-product materials.
In this study, mainly the benefits of limestone powder, basalt powder and marble powder as partial replacement of Portland Cement are established. Also the effects of Flyash, Silica Fume and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag are also established.

- by Byju Subhash
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- Civil Engineering, Concrete Technology, Fly Ash, Self Compacting Concrete
- by IJERD Editor
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- Civil Engineering, Concrete, Chemical Admixtures, Strength

To contribute the minimization of emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere which occurs during the production of cement and to improve the physical properties and mechanical performance of mortars and/or concrete, we have incorporated a mineral addition
which is the limestone fillers (F-Lime) in their formulation matrix. While partially substituting the clinker by this one at various percentages ranging from 5% to 40% by weight of cement with a step of 5% in presence of a superplasticizer. The influence of the incorporation of F-Lime on the physical properties (fineness by specific surface Blaine /density/setting of initial and final time/water content) was studied on one hand. The effect of the addition of F-Lime on the mechanical performance (compressive strength/porosity/capillary absorption) was evaluated on the other hand. The obtained results by different formulations prospected showed that the addition of F-Lime in the formulation matrix of a cementitious material increases the fineness.
Moreover, its density was decreased. We observed that the setting time increases with the percentage of F-Lime was increased. Similarly, the compressive strengths at a young age (2 days), median age (7 days) and long-term (28 days) were improved. The W/C report, the porosity, and the capillary absorption have been decreased. These results show that we have succeeded to produce an ecological and durable cementitious material.

- by Ekrem Kalkan
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geology, Environmental Geology

— Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are beneficial reinforcement materials for high performance and multifunctional cement-based composites. However, it is difficult to uniformly disperse CNTs/CNFs in cement-based composite during the composite fabrication process due to CNTs/CNFs aggregation. The in situ growth of CNTs/CNFs on cement/mineral admixture provides a new method to solve this issue. This article summarizes the methods and theories of in situ growth of CNTs/CNFs on cement/mineral admixture, including chemical vapor deposition method and microwave irradiating conductive polymers method. Properties of the cement-based composites made from the CNTs/CNFs-grown cement/mineral admixture are presented. The issues about the in situ growth of CNTs/CNFs on cement/ mineral admixture that needed to be further studied are discussed.

- by Engineering Journal Publication of Research work
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- Engineering, Carbon Nanotubes, Research, Cement

In this paper, fly ash and metakaolin as pozzolan while limestone powder and kaolin as filler material were used at replacement levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement and sand, respectively. The effects of these powders on... more

- by Ioannis Ioannou
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- Civil Engineering, Electrochemistry, Corrosion Science, Concrete Technology

Clays have a tendency to undergo volumetric changes when they interact with water. These soils are a very common reason for most of the foundation failures due to their degraded properties. With the growing need of infrastructure development, avoiding these soils for future constructions may not be possible. The present research is intended to examine the effect of gypsum and bagasse ash on the properties of clays and evaluate their potential for the stabilization and improvement of engineering properties of these soils. Gypsum is naturally occurring mineral and bagasse ash is a waste product produced by sugar-mills. Two types of swelling clays i.e. Low plastic, and high plastic clay, are used in this research for stabilization. Atterberg’s limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio and swell potential of these soils are determined in both untreated as well as in treated form with varying content of gypsum and bagasse ash. The improvement observed for the combination of gypsum and bagasse ash is more significant as compared to the individual effect of gypsum or bagasse ash. Results obtained indicate that gypsum and bagasse ash can provide an effective and economical method for the improvement of Low and high plastic clays.

- by sadam khan
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- Soil Mechanics, Soil Stabilization, Soil Improvement, Mineral admixtures

This paper presents an ideal experimental design based on the response surface method (RSM) to develop a new class of Green Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (GUHPFRCCs), in which 50% of the volume contains ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (UPOFA). This green concrete is currently under development at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (GUSMRC). This could lead to the greater utilization of POFA in concrete and, subsequently, could be useful in protecting the environment by minimizing volume of waste disposed on the wasteland and minimizing emission of greenhouse gases that released during cement production, besides contribute to cost saving which could somehow contribute towards the sustainability of the concrete industry. The results showed that at 90 days the optimum mix was achieved 158.28 MPa, 46.69 MPa and 13.78 MPa of compressive strength, bending tensile strength and direct tensile strength, respectively, with 50% replacement levels of the total binder content by UPOFA, indicating the ability of using UPOFA as an efficient pozzolanic mineral admixture for the production of GUSMRC with promisingly superior engineering properties.

The peculiarity of alkali-activated slag cements (further, AASC's) is increased proper deformations, which can cause increased cracking and reduced durability of structure. The paper is devoted to manage AASC's proper deformations. The main task was to determine the composition of complex additives (further, CA's) in system «ordinary portland cement (further, OPC) clinker-mineral compound of different anionic type-surfactant» in presence of sodium metasilicate (further, MS) to affect on hydrated AASC performance while ensuring effective structure of artificial stone by criterion of shrinkage deformations. Comparative analysis of hydrated cement systems "OPC clinker-MS", "OPC clinker-mineral compound-MS" and "OPC clinker-mineral compound-MS-surfactant" showed that the greatest effect on reduction of proper deformations occurs when the mineral compounds relate to electrolytes, i.e. Na2SO4 and NaNO3. Hydrated system is characterized by expansion (+0,062 mm/m) in presence of Na2SO4. Almost no shrinkage is supplied by application of NaNO3 (-0,062 mm/m). The obtained CA's were tested in AASC. CA in the system "OPC clinker-NaNO3-surfactant" provides the initial setting 43 min, the end-65 min with accelerated strength. Investigated AASC can be classified as non-shrinking cement. This phenomena is ensured by increasing density, homogeneity and monolithicity of hydrosilicate formations, as well as due to formation of hydroaluminosilicate structures with different morphology by inclusion of nitrate anions.

- by Editor IJRET
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- Civil Engineering, Self Compacting Concrete, Mineral admixtures, Passing Ability

ABSTRACT This paper presents an ideal experimental design based on the response surface method (RSM) to develop a new class of Green Ultra-High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (GUHPFRCCs), in which 50% of the volume contains ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (UPOFA). This green concrete is currently under development at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (GUSMRC). This could lead to the greater utilization of POFA in concrete and, subsequently, could be useful in protecting the environment by minimizing volume of waste disposed on the wasteland and minimizing emission of greenhouse gases that released during cement production, besides contribute to cost saving which could somehow contribute towards the sustainability of the concrete industry. The results showed that at 90 days the optimum mix was achieved 158.28 MPa, 46.69 MPa and 13.78 MPa of compressive strength, bending tensile strength and direct tensile strength, respectively, with 50% replacement levels of the total binder content by UPOFA, indicating the ability of using UPOFA as an efficient pozzolanic mineral admixture for the production of GUSMRC with promisingly superior engineering properties.

- by Nick Buenfeld
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- Civil Engineering, Cognitive Science, Geology, Composite Materials and Structures
- by xianming Shi
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Structural Engineering, Stochastic Modeling