Compressive Strength Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Human Computer Interaction, Structural Engineering, Web Design, Concrete

Nowadays, the usage amount of the concrete is increasing drastically. The construction industry is a huge consumer of natural consumer. It is also producing the huge wastage products. The usage of concrete has been charged to be not environmentally friendly due to depletion of reserve natural resources, high energy consumption and disposal issues. The conservation of natural resources and reduction of disposal site by reuse and recycling waste material was interest possibilites. The aim of this study is to determine the physical and mechanical properties of sand cement brick containing recycled concrete aggregate and to determine the optimum mix ratio containing recycled concrete aggregate. An experiment done by comparing the result of control specimen using 100% natural sand with recycled concrete aggregate replacement specimen by weight for 55%, 65%, and 75%. The sample was tested under density, compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption to study the effect of using recycled concrete aggregate on the physical and mechanical properties of bricks. The result shows that the replacement of natural sand by recycled concrete aggregate at the level of 55% provide the highest compressive and flexural strength compared to other percentage and control specimen. However, if the replacement higher than 55%, the strength of brick was decreased for compressive and flexural strength, respectively. The relationship of compressive-flexural strength is determined from statistical analysis and the predicted result can be obtained by using equation f f,RCA = 0.5375 (f c) 0.3272 .

- by Faisal Sheikh Khalid
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- Sand Cement Brick, Compressive Strength, Fine Aggregate
- by Joseph Palamara
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Dentistry, Calcium

At Centralised Waste Management Facility (CWMF) 160m3 of radioactive chemical sludge, generated from treatment of several batches of category-II and category-III radioactive liquid wastes by chemical precipitation method was stored in clariflocculator (CF) for downstream processing. The sludge needed conditioning before disposal. The analysis of the sludge samples collected at different radial locations and depths from the CF showed suspended

- by A G Shanmugamani
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- Process Control, Waste Management, Compressive Strength, Mass Transport

The purpose of this study was to analyze, in an animal model, the histologic and biomechanical phenomena at the bone-implant interface of implants inserted with high torque (HT) as compared to low torque (LT) during the first 6 weeks of healing. Forty tapered-screw-form implants were placed in five hybrid sheep. The implant sites were placed in the mandible, using an extraoral approach; four were placed with HT (test: mean 110 Ncm) on one side and four were placed with LT (control: mean 10 Ncm) on the contralateral side. After 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks of healing, removal torque testing and resonance frequency analysis were performed and the animals were sacrificed for histologic examination. Implants from the HT group showed significantly higher bone apposition than implants from the LT group at all examined healing times. Similarly, removal torque was consistently higher for the HT as compared to the LT group. A significant loss of primary stability in the HT group was evident 7 day...

- by Ugo Consolo
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- Dentistry, Biomedical Engineering, Wound Healing, Osseointegration

... In the case of cement paste containing up to 20% replacement of bentonite together with 4% CW ... 3. YM Zhang, W. Sun and HD Yan, Hydration of high-volume fly ash cement pastes. ... 4. M. Cheriaf, JC Rocha and J. Pera, Pozzolanic... more

- by Asım Olgun
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Compressive Strength, Building

The main aim of the environmental protection agencies and the government are to seek ways and means to minimize the problems of disposal and health hazards of by-products. Some of the industrial by-products have been successfully used in the construction industry for the production of cement and concrete. Copper slag is one of the materials that is considered as a waste material which could have a promising future in construction industry as partial substitute of either cement or aggregates. Many researchers have already found it possible to use copper slag as a concrete aggregate. But not much research has been carried out concerning durability and corrosion studies of copper slag admixed concrete. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on various corrosion and durability tests on concrete containing copper slag as partial replacement of sand and cement. For this research work, M20 grade concrete was used and the tests were conducted for various proportions of cop...

- by Dr D Brindha
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- Engineering, Compressive Strength, Civil/Structural Engineering, Copper Slag
- by Hilmi Mahmud
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- Compressive Strength, Fly Ash, Experimental Study, Specific Gravity
- by Phyo Zaw Aung
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- Compressive Strength
- by Okan Önal
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- Engineering, Software Engineering, Microstructure, Compressive Strength
- by Richard Vowles
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- Biomedical Engineering, Composites, Dental Materials, Polymerization
- by Luigi Gambarotta
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- Compressive Strength, Carrying Capacity, Experimental Data
- by Kiran Dellimore
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- Spine, Humans, Compressive Strength, Clinical Sciences

High strength cements can be synthesised by alkali activation of materials rich in Al2O3 and SiO2. In this study, amorphous aluminosilicate polymers produced by sodium silicate activation of metakaolinite were studied, with particular reference to chemical optimisation of the compressive strength according to the relative
concentrations of Si, Al and Na in the polymer. The sodium silicate was manufactured from silica fume and sodium hydroxide. The compressive strengths of polymers with Si :Al molar ratios of 1.0–3.0 and Na :Al molar ratios of 0.5–2.0 were considered. The polymers were cured at 75 uC for 24 h and their compressive strengths measured after aging for 7 days. The strength was found to depend systematically on the relative amounts of Si, Al and Na, with the maximum being 64 ¡ 3 MPa for an Si :Al : Na molar ratio of 2.5 : 1 : 1.3. X-Ray diffraction/scattering data indicate qualitatively that the bonding network in the amorphous aluminosilicate
alters systematically with composition.

- by Matthew Rowles
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- Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Compressive Strength, CHEMICAL SCIENCES
- by Jean-Michel Mechling
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- Civil Engineering, Materials Science, Compressive Strength, Silica

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine effect of compressive cyclic loading on fatigue resistance and microleakage of monolithic CAD/CAM molar ceramic and composite crowns. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two extracted molars were... more

- by Amr Kassem
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- Materials Science, Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Computer Aided Design

Stress distribution in human tooth structure can be visualized through the use of Moiré fringes, which has improved the clinical understanding of recently identified anatomical structures in molar occlusal surfaces. This article discusses the concept of a "peripheral rim of enamel" and describes the manifestation of compressive and tensile fractures within the peripheral rim of enamel and dentin. It also emphasizes the benefits of microdentistry techniques and minimally invasive preparation designs in the long-term preservation of the natural tooth structure.

- by J T Rainey DDS
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- Materials Science, Dentistry, Medicine, Elasticity

Geopolymer is now a more advanced alternative to cement and available substitute for OPC while graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) are new nanomaterials with extraordinary properties that can enhance and improve the strength of cementitious materials. Although graphene reinforced concrete has intriguing potential, its implementation in construction requires better knowledge of the impact of GnP on the properties of concrete related to durability. Studies on the compressive and tensile strength performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) containing GnP are needed. The present study investigated the influence of reinforcing GPC with varying percentages of GnP on the compressive and split tensile strengths of GPC. The addition of GnP ranged from 0.0%, 0.25% and 0.5% by weight of total binder. It has been observed that the addition of GnP increased the compressive strength by 30% and the tensile strength by 22% in comparison to a reference sample with a specified composition of fly ash and sodium metasilicate. In addition, the effect of GnP on enhancing the compressive strength of the geopolymer was shown to diminish as the amount of sodium metasilicate increased.

- by Nadzhratul Husna
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- Materials Science, Graphene, Geopolymer Concrete, Compressive Strength
- by Monica Sandri
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- Materials Engineering, Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Chitosan

Curing techniques and curing duration have crucial effects on the strength and other mechanical properties of mortars. Proper curing can protect against moisture loss from fresh mixes. The objective of this experimental work is to examine the compressive strength of ordinary Portland cement mortars (OMs) under various curing regimes and cement fineness. Six different curing methods including water, air, water

- by William Walsh
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- Nursing, Fracture, Dogs, Injury
- by Nasrullah Idris
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- Mechanical Engineering, Optics, Analytical Chemistry, Medical Imaging

The aim of the study was to assess, compare and evaluate the adhesive strength and compressive strength of different brands of glass ionomer cements to a ceramometal alloy. (A) Glass ionomer cements: GC Fuji II (GC Corporation, Tokyo), Chem Flex (Dentsply DeTrey, Germany), Glass ionomer FX (Shofu-11, Japan), MR dental (MR dental suppliers Pvt Ltd, England). (B) Ceramometal alloy (Ni–Cr: Wiron 99; Bego, Bremen, Germany). (C) Cold cure acrylic resin. (E) Temperature cum humidity control chamber. (F) Instron Universal Testing Machine. Four different types of Glass ionomer cements were used in the study. From each type of the Glass ionomer cements, 15 specimens for each were made to evaluate the compressive strength and adhesive strength, respectively. The 15 specimens were further divided into three subgroups of five specimens. For compressive strength, specimens were tested at 2, 4 and 12 h by using Instron Universal Testing Machine. To evaluate the adhesive strength, specimens were surface treated with diamond bur, silicone carbide bur and sandblasting and tested under Instron Universal Testing Machine. It was concluded from the study that the compressive strength as well as the adhesive bond strength of MR dental glass ionomer cement with a ceramometal alloy was found to be maximum compare to other glass ionomer cements. Sandblasting surface treatment of ceramometal alloy was found to be comparatively more effective for adhesive bond strength between alloy and glass ionomer cement.

- by sunit jurel
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- Silicon Carbide, Compressive Strength, Bond Strength, Surface treatment
- by J.-l. Granju
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- Architecture, Compressive Strength, Building, Building Environment

Simulated spent clinoptilolite was immobilised in a monolithic glass composite wasteform (GCM) produced by a pressureless sintering for 2 hours at relative low temperatures 750 deg. C. The GCM utilises the high durability of alkali borosilicate glass to encapsulate the Cs-impregnated clinoptilolite (Cs-Clino). With this approach mobile radionuclides are retained by a multi-barrier system, comprising the crystalline form of the clinoptilolite and the borosilicate glass Wastes loading ranging from 1:1 up to 1:10 glass to Cs-clino volume ratios corresponding to 37- 88 mass % were studied. Water durability of GCM was assessed in 7, 14 and 28 days leaching tests in deionised water at 40 deg. C based on ASTM C1220-98 standard. It was found that the normalised leaching rates of Cs remaining below 6.35 10 g/cm² day in a GCM with 73 mass % waste during a leaching test for 7 days. However, at higher waste loading of {>=}80 mass %, the normalised leaching rate of Cs was as high as 9.06 10 g...

Brick is the oldest building material. It is a standard sized weight bearing unit. The earliest bricks were dried which are formed from clay or mud. During 2007 the new fly ash bricks were created using by products from coal plants. A sustainable development is an important task to the cement industry. To avoid cement as a huge construction material to reduce the environmental issues, replaced with Fly ash, GGBS, Silica fume, Kadapa slab powder. For bonding polymers, limited water content is used. Hence, resulting hybrid geo-polymer brick with multi-material combination is effective. In this experimental approach, initially we were considered 75% and 25% Fly ash and GGBS respectively as a base and then varied silica fume and kadapa slab powder ranging from 2 to 5% in GGBS. Mechanical properties of the materials are giving effective values to replace. Through compressive strength results we can find optimum proportions based on silica fume and kadapa slab powder.

- by Dr. Sunandana Reddy Machireddy and +1
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- Compressive Strength, Fly Ash Bricks, Cement and GGBS
- by Young-Wook Kim
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- Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Microstructure, Manufacturing

This paper investigated the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the setting time and compressive strength of one-part geopolymer binders (OPGB). Powdered sodium metasilicate activator was utilized in the range of 8-16% by weight of the total binder. The central composite design method was used in designing the mixtures. Experimental investigation revealed that both the initial and final setting times of the OPGB decreased drastically with the increase in the GGBS and the activator content. The inclusion of GGBS in the binder influences the setting time of the binders thereby resulting in quick setting time. The variance analysis of the established models demonstrated that the setting and compressive strength models could be predicted using quadratic models with a high R 2 coefficient. Optimization results revealed that the optimum mixture can be obtained by substituting 95.8 % fly ash with GGBS and 13.4 % solid activator.

- by Haruna Sani
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- Compressive Strength, Setting Time, Geopolymer

This paper investigates the effect of latex modified systems and combination of latex and polypropylene fibre on the performance of concrete. In this study, the polypropylene fibre volume fraction and the amount of added latex, are varied and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and water absorption are measured. Increasing the volume fraction of the fibre and amount of added latex increases the flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, impact resistance, and abrasion resistance. As an application of this work, paving blocks of size 200 × 100 × 60 mm were casted and tested.

The permeability and strength of pervious concrete depend on the particle sizes and proportions of the constituent materials of which the concrete is made of. In this paper, structural property and permeability of pervious concrete made with different coarse aggregate sizes is presented. For the different aggregate/cement ratio used in this study, coarse aggregate size 9.375 mm has higher compressive strength values compared to those made from 18.75 mm aggregate size while 18.75 mm aggregate size had higher permeability value compared to that of 9.38 mm. The average specific gravity of the two aggregates sizes used was 2.7. Aggregate/cement ratio of 6:1, 8:1 and 10:1 respectively were used to produce three different batches of fresh concrete using 18.75mm aggregate size and same ratios were used for 9.375mm coarse aggregate size to produce another three different batches. In each case, aggregate/cement ratio of 6:1 gave the highest compressive strength compared to other aggregate/ce...

- by Johnson Oluremi
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- Materials Science, Porosity, Permeability, Compressive Strength
- by Dana Niles
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- Pediatrics, Adolescent, Quality Control, Cardiac arrest

Rice husk ash (RHA) has been used as a highly reactive pozzolanic material to improve the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement paste and the aggregate in high-performance concrete. Mechanical experiments of RHA blended Portland cement concretes revealed that in addition to the pozzolanic reactivity of RHA (chemical aspect), the particle grading (physical aspect) of cement and RHA mixtures also exerted significant influences on the blending efficiency. The relative strength increase (relative to the concrete made with plain cement, expressed in %) is higher for coarser cement. The gap-grading phenomenon is expected to be the underlying mechanism. This issue is also approached by computer simulation. A stereological spacing parameter (i.e., mean free spacing between mixture particles) is associated with the global strength of the blended model cement concretes. This paper presents results of a combined mechanical and computer simulation study on t...

- by Piet Stroeven
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- Civil Engineering, Computer Simulation, Compressive Strength, Building

In this investigation, structural type mortars reinforced with corn fibers were elaborated; these fibers were previously treated with flaxseed oil and paraffin, cut to lengths of 1, 2 and 5 cm, and weighed, in order to obtain a ratio of 0.5% and 1% by weight with respect to the quantity of cement. The fibers were physic chemically characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and their chemical resistance was evaluated by exposing them to a concentrated solution of Ca(OH)2 that simulated the alkaline medium of the cement. The fiber-reinforced mortars were mechanically characterized by compression and bending tests, which were performed 7, 21 and 28 days after processing. The results show that after 28 days the paraffin-coated corn fiber reinforced mortars, with 1 cm in length and 0.5% in weight presented the best results, an increase in the compressive and flexural strength of 16.92% and 38.51% respectively was noted, compared to the unreinforced mortar.

- by Martin P Stewart
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- Atomic Force Microscopy, Methods, Humans, Compressive Strength
- by Dr. Mahesh Parappagoudar
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- Materials Engineering, Materials, Linear Model, Compressive Strength
- by Jamal Khatib
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- Civil Engineering, Nondestructive testing, Recycled Materials, Compressive Strength

SUMMARY Disc-shaped specimens are frequently tested in order to establish an understanding of the properties of ceramic material. In this study three-dimensional finite element stress analysis has been used to investigate the loading characteristics of this shape of specimen and the effect of incorporating scratches and voids into its structure. The results indicated that stress increased as loading was carried out nearer to the centre of the specimen. The presence of cracks did not affect these stresses whereas the presence of a void resulted in a very high stress concentration.

- by Hammad Hassan
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- Dentistry, Biomedical Engineering, Finite Element Analysis, Porosity
- by Martha O Wang and +2
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- Biomedical Engineering, Cell line, Porosity, Mice

In this study, the strength development and lechability aspects of metal-contaminated soil treated with ordinary portland cement (OPC) were investigated. The soil was collected from a scrap metal yard within the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur,... more

- by Hilmi Mahmud
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- Southeast Asia, Malaysia, Leaching, Eurasia

Fly ash is generated in large measures, especially by thermal power plants. A great batch of inquiry has been channeled out for efficient utilization of fly ash in the structure industry. Use of fly ash in manufacturing brick is one such thing which is being studied by many research scholars and engineers. The aim of the present study is to investigate the durability and water absorption features of fly ash bricks made up with different percentage of lime (L), local soil (S) and fly ash (FA). The experiments were conducted by both Pressure molded fly ash bricks. It was found that none of the L-S-FA bricks satisfy all the demands of standard codes. While some of the bricks satisfy the provisions in respect of intensity level only the L-S-FA (40-0- 60) bricks satisfy the demand of Indian Standard Code in respect of intensity as easily as water absorption features.

Thirty concrete mixes of differing water-binder ratio containing 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 % laterite as a partial replacement for sand were used to prepare laterized concrete specimens for the study of the effect of nonstandard curing methods on the strength of specimen. The effectiveness of a curing method was measured quantitatively as the ratio of the compressive strength of specimen cured using the non-standard method to those cursed using the standard water-curing method specified in the BS1881: Part 3:1970 (control). The results of the investigation show that with continuous wetting of the nonstandard curing media by sprinkling with water, the strength of the concrete obtained could be comparable to those cured using the control method. Of the four nonstandard curing methods considered in the study it was observed that the strength of sand- and sawdust-cured specimen were in some instances the same as or higher than those of the standard cured specimens at early age (7 days). ...

- by F. Udoeyo
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- Materials Science, Compressive Strength, Control Method
- by Shahzaib Khan
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- Engineering, Concrete, Materials, Sustainable Building Materials

This paper investigates the applicability of artificial neural network model for strength prediction of fibers' self-compacting concrete under compression. The available 99 experimental data samples of fibers self-compacting concrete were used in this research work. In this paper, computational-based research is carried for predicting the strength of concrete under compression and model was developed using ANN with five input nodes and feed-forward three-layer back-propagation neural networks with ten hidden nodes were examined using learning algorithm. ANN model proposed analytically was verified, and it gives more compatible results. Hence, the ANN model is proposed to predict the strength of fibrous self-compacting concrete under compression.

- by David Thambiratnam
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- Civil Engineering, Anchoring, Compressive Strength, Large Scale