Disease Prevention Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have yielded definitive evidence that physical activity is able to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and to improve physical fitness and quality of life.... more

Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have yielded definitive evidence that physical activity is able to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and to improve physical fitness and quality of life. Moreover, physical activ- ity seems to be capable of significantly reducing the risk of developing other chronic diseases, such as obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes, some neoplasms and depression. For

Based on current dietary intake recommendations and a recommendation to limit sedentary activity in preschoolers, an overall diet quality index for preschoolers (RC-DQI) incorporating a component for energy balance to measure adequacy of... more

Based on current dietary intake recommendations and a recommendation to limit sedentary activity in preschoolers, an overall diet quality index for preschoolers (RC-DQI) incorporating a component for energy balance to measure adequacy of nutrition for growth, development, and disease prevention was developed.The newly developed index was used in nationally representative samples of 2- to 5-year-olds in the US Department of Agriculture Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994-96 and 1998 (n=5,437). Index components included added sugar, total fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total and whole grains, fruits, vegetables, excess fruit juice, dairy, iron, and an interaction term of total daily energy intake and sedentary behavior (television time). Points were allocated to reflect deficient or excessive intakes.Means and standard errors were used to describe food intakes and RC-DQI scores. Ability to differentiate diets was ascertained using mean intakes of food groups/nutrients followed by a nonparametric test of trends across ordered groups. Correlation coefficients measured dependence among RC-DQI components, nutrients, and overall energy intakes. Component scores of the highest and lowest quartile of RC-DQI were compared.Mean RC-DQI score was 64 points (range=28 to 93). Increasing RC-DQI scores were associated with improved diet quality. Children in the lowest RC-DQI quartile scored lower in all components.The RC-DQI successfully differentiated diets by level of diet quality. Increasing scores were associated with decreasing consumption of added sugar and juices, and increasing intakes of fiber, essential fatty acids, fruits, and vegetables. The RC-DQI can be used to determine diet quality in groups of preschool-age children.

Resumo - Com o objetivo de auxiliar as equipes de profissionais de saúde da família na organização e realização de práticas de prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde, que sejam eficazes, cientificamente comprovadas e adequadas aos... more

Resumo - Com o objetivo de auxiliar as equipes de profissionais de saúde da família na organização e realização de práticas de prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde, que sejam eficazes, cientificamente comprovadas e adequadas aos recursos disponíveis, uma equipe de pesquisadores da área de Medicina da Família e da Comunidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina

Clinical, epidemiological and basic research evidence clearly supports the inclusion of regular physical activity as a tool for the prevention of chronic disease and the enhancement of overall health. In children, activities of a moderate... more

Clinical, epidemiological and basic research evidence clearly supports the inclusion of regular physical activity as a tool for the prevention of chronic disease and the enhancement of overall health. In children, activities of a moderate intensity may enhance overall health, and assist in preventing chronic disease in at-risk youth. The numerous health benefits of regular exercise are dependent on the type, intensity and volume of activity pursued by the individual. These benefits include reduction of low density lipoproteins while increasing high density lipoprotein; improvement of glucose metabolism in patients with type II diabetes; improved strength, self esteem and body image; and reduction in the occurrence of back injuries. In addition, a progressive, moderate-intensity exercise program will not adversely effect the immune system and may have a beneficial effect on the interleukin-2/natural killer cell system. Furthermore, by decreasing sedentary behaviors and, thus, increasing daily physical activity, individuals may experience many stress-reducing benefits, which may enhance the immune system. Conclusion Moderate intensity exercise of a non-structured nature seems to facilitate most of the disease prevention goals and health promoting benefits. With new guidelines promoting a less intense and more time-efficient approach to regular physical activity, it is hoped that an upward trend in the physical activity patterns, and specifically children at risk for chronic disease, will develop in the near future.

Official post-mortem inspection records of poultry in 11 industrial poultry abattoirs in the Fars province, southern Iran, between 20 March 2002 and 19 March 2006 were used to investigate the character and prevalence of poultry loss... more

Official post-mortem inspection records of poultry in 11 industrial poultry abattoirs in the Fars province, southern Iran, between 20 March 2002 and 19 March 2006 were used to investigate the character and prevalence of poultry loss caused by disease and pathological changes in the province. Linear regression analysis for study of time trend and chi2-test for investigation of seasonal pattern were used as statistical methods. In the study period, 130,967,021 birds were slaughtered. As a result of official veterinary inspection, 959,416 (0.73%) birds were condemned. The condemnation risk was calculated for each quarter in a year. Cachexia and septicemia were the most common reasons for rejection of carcasses and were responsible for 62% of the total condemnations. The condemnation risk due to septicemia increased over the study period from 0.14 to 0.22%. The rejection risk due to overscalding declined over the study period from 0.07 to 0.01%. No trends in time were observed for the o...

Consumption of flaxseed has been increased due to its possible functional properties in health. However, its chronic consumption may offer risks considering the effects of lignans in men and in pregnant women, as well as the existence of... more

Consumption of flaxseed has been increased due to its possible functional properties in health. However, its chronic consumption may offer risks considering the effects of lignans in men and in pregnant women, as well as the existence of other phytochemicals and toxic factors with adverse health effects in the seed. The present review focuses on the growing body of evidence on the potential health benefits of flaxseed in humans, with supporting evidence from human and animal studies. It also raises questions that provide input for future research on the effects of flaxseed ingestion in terms of nutrient bioavailability and human fertility.

The goal of this study was to understand dietetics and nutrition professionals’ experiences of their practice roles. Qualitative interviews using a grounded theory design covered practitioners’ perceptions of their professional roles,... more

The goal of this study was to understand dietetics and nutrition professionals’ experiences of their practice roles. Qualitative interviews using a grounded theory design covered practitioners’ perceptions of their professional roles, role enactment, and practice context. Twenty-four dietetics and nutrition practitioners varying in their work settings, length of professional experience, education, and community type were recruited through professional contacts in

Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables, is recognized as a bioactive flavonoid shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Epidemiologic studies... more

Apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables, is recognized as a bioactive flavonoid shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Epidemiologic studies suggest that a diet rich in flavones is related to a decreased risk of certain cancers, particularly cancers of the breast, digestive tract, skin, prostate and certain hematological malignancies. It has been suggested that apigenin may be protective in other diseases that are affected by oxidative process, such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders, although more research needs to be conducted in this regard. Human clinical trials examining the effect of supplementation of apigenin on disease prevention have not been conducted, although there is considerable potential for apigenin to be developed as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

Prompted by FAO/WHO's and the European Commission's recognition that documents on Good Farming Practices (GFPs) and Good Veterinary Practices (GVPs) in apicultural production... more

Prompted by FAO/WHO's and the European Commission's recognition that documents on Good Farming Practices (GFPs) and Good Veterinary Practices (GVPs) in apicultural production are hardly available, part 1 of this contribution provides an update of current apicultural production and associated best practices to ensure animal and public health. Major bee health and disease prevention issues and risk management options at the primary production level are summarised with particular reference to the role of the veterinary practitioner/consultant and the official veterinarian in a control function in the safe production of honey.

The effect of foliar sprays with aqueous vermicompost extracts on growth, yields, morphological and chemical fruit quality and natural infection with late blight disease (Phytophthora infestons (Mont.) de Bary)) on three tomato varieties... more

The effect of foliar sprays with aqueous vermicompost extracts on growth, yields, morphological and chemical fruit quality and natural infection with late blight disease (Phytophthora infestons (Mont.) de Bary)) on three tomato varieties (Lycopersicon esculentnm Mill., cv. Diplom Fl, cv. Malina, cv. Rheinlands Ruhm) was investigated in a field experiment. Extracts were prepared of vermicompost produced from fruit, vegetable and cotton waste by redworms (Eisenia fetida Sav., Lumbricidae); tap water served as control treatment. Foliar application (spraying) of vermicompost extracts did not affect plant growth, biomass or nutrient allocation, or yields and number of fruits of the three tomato varieties; however, for several dates it significantly reduced the number of flowers produced. Foliar vermicompost spraying cither increased or decreased peel firmness dependent on tomato variety and increased fruit circumference consistently as well as contents of nitrogen but decreased L-ascorbic acid compared with water sprayed fruits. All other measured parameters of fruit quality (dry matter, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, glucose and fructose content) were similar for vermicompost and water sprayed plants. Natural infection of leaves, stems and fruits by P. infestans was generally very low under the experimental conditions; however, across varieties, only half as many vermicompost sprayed plants showed clear signs of P. infestans infection as water sprayed plants; the severity of the infection was unaffected by the two spraying treatments. In conclusion, these results suggest that the use of vermicompost might be considered more in organic farming not only as a substitute for peat in potting media but also as foliar sprays for fertilization and biological disease prevention.

This article discusses caries management by risk assessment for children age 0-5. Risk assessment is the first step in a comprehensive protocol for infant oral care. The program includes opportunities to establish a "dental... more

This article discusses caries management by risk assessment for children age 0-5. Risk assessment is the first step in a comprehensive protocol for infant oral care. The program includes opportunities to establish a "dental home" and provide guidance for improved health outcomes. Risk assessment forms, instructions for use, and guidance-related education points have been included. Collaboration among all health professionals regarding early and timely intervention to promote children's oral health and disease prevention is emphasized.

Ms. C, a very active professional woman who enjoyed skiing, scuba diving and sky-diving, was diagnosed with a cardiac arrhythmia and mitral valve prolapse in 1989.By 1993, she was experiencing 700 extra heartbeats per hour and was told... more

Ms. C, a very active professional woman who enjoyed skiing, scuba diving and sky-diving, was diagnosed with a cardiac arrhythmia and mitral valve prolapse in 1989.By 1993, she was experiencing 700 extra heartbeats per hour and was told that she was at risk for sudden death. She was prescribed beta-blockers, Valium and aspirin, the side effects of which were stomach-aches,