Dispositions Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Critical Theory, Teacher Education, Critical Pedagogy, Urban Education
- by Meghann Carey
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- Anthropology, Embodiment, Discourse, Capitalism

Gilbert Ryle famously denied that knowledge-how is a species of knowledge-that, a thesis that has been contested by so-called "intellectualists." I begin by proposing a rearrangement of some of the concepts of this debate, and then I focus on Jason Stanley's reading of Ryle's position. I show that Ryle has been seriously misconstrued in this discussion, and then revise Ryle's original arguments in order to show that the confrontation between intellectualists and anti-intellectualists may not be as insurmountable as it seems, at least in the case of Stanley, given that both contenders are motivated by their discontent with a conception of intelligent performances as the effect of intellectual hidden powers detached from practice.

- by Jesús Navarro
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- Intelligence, Dispositions, Behaviourism, Intellectualism

Perfectionists have shown increased negative affect after failure compared to nonperfectionists. However, little is known about how perfectionists react to repeated failure. This study investigated the effects of two forms of perfectionism—self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism—on 100 university students’ reactions to repeated failure (versus repeated success) examining three negative emotions: anxiety, depression, and anger. Results showed that socially prescribed perfectionism predicted increased anxiety, depression, and anger after initial failure and further increased anger after repeated failure. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism predicted increased anxiety, but only after repeated failure. The findings suggest that both self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism are vulnerability factors predisposing individuals to react with increased negative affect after repeated failure.

- by Joachim Stoeber
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- Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Behavioural Science, Clinical Psychology

The Euthyphro objection is often perceived, rightly or wrongly, as the king objection to theistic meta-ethics. This paper proposes a response that hasn't been much explored within the contemporary literature, based on the metaphysics of dispositions and natural law theory. The paper will first contend that there is a parallel between ways theists conceptualise God's role in creating laws of nature and the ways God creates goods. Drawing upon these parallels I propose a possible response to the dilemma, where this response parallels the dispositionalist response as to how God creates laws of nature. I do this by first explicating a natural law theory of goodness, then I suggest how the ontology of dispositions can be used in a novel way to account for goods, and finally I explain how this all relates to the dilemma. I conclude the paper by posing some objections to myself and providing some replies.

- by Ben Page
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- Natural Law, Metaethics, Dispositions, Teleology
- by Benjamin Smart
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- Metaphysics, Applied Ethics, Epidemiology, Philosophy of Medicine
- by Nicholas D Hartlep
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- Teacher Education, Teacher Training, Dispositions, Professional Development

This paper reports on the three-phase development of assessment tool as part of a new systematic structure needed to more significantly address the topic of “dispositions” in a large education program. This paper outlines a mixed methods study that researched how a large teacher education program defines, assesses, and understands dispositions. As a result of the study, a new assessment tool and modifications to the system that address educator dispositions is being put into place. The new system intends to support the understanding, importance, and growth of teacher dispositions in colleges of education and stresses the priority of addressing dispositions as a key factor in the education of future teachers and school administrators.

- by Jacob Zlotnitsky
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- Political Philosophy, Plato, Humanitarianism, Totalitarianism
- by Lauren Ashwell
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- Desire, Dispositions
- by Ursula Wolf
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- Ontology, Dispositions, Aristotle's Metaphysics, Necessity

The arts in education can do more to develop dispositions for success and socially responsible action in our
future artists, innovators, and leaders of tomorrow. In order to be a highly effective teacher-leader of art and design, it is
proposed that the development of creativity and innovation must be balanced with analytical thinking and practical
wisdom. Twenty-first century learning demands that teachers become designers of classroom environments and curricula
that enable students to develop their full capacities as human beings, while tapping into a balance of their creative,
analytical and practical entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. Artist-teacher-leaders must also capitalize on students’
abilities for connection making, inquiry, and self-direction to foster their future social-emotional strengths and
dispositions. When more focused on the development of students’ creative process skills and responsibility, art and
design education may be better positioned to foster empathic, interdisciplinary 21st-century skills and habits of mind
success. In this aim, the marriage of design thinking strategies and learner-centered pedagogies serve as catalysts of
change in the visual arts. This paper reports on research and theoretical frameworks of successful intelligence and
balanced intelligence that support innovative and currently implemented programming in a U.S. undergraduate and
graduate teacher training program.

Not all fundamentals are introductions.

- by Nicholas Danne
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- Metaphysics, Dispositions

In this article I develop a metaphysical account of final causes grounded on contemporary powers metaphysics. After having presented some key elements of an Aristotle-inspired teleology, i.e., the study of final causes within Aristotelian tradition, I introduce powers. Moreover, I present some theses about their nature and features. Afterwards, I distinguish between two kinds of powers that are expected to play the roles traditionally attributed to final causes: weakly teleological powers and strongly teleological powers. Weakly teleological powers are those powers that ground the possession of all the other powers of a substance. Strongly teleological powers are those powers that ground the activation of all the other powers of a substance. Within this framework, I then develop some options to deal with human teleology, i.e., with the study of human behavior in light of final causes. Finally, in the last Section, I briefly compare my account with other accounts of teleology and of specific sorts of powers that somehow resemble teleological powers.

- by Michele Paolini Paoletti
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- Metaphysics, Ontology, Metaphysics of properties, Dispositions
- by Lois Hetland
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- Arts Education, Dispositions, Visual Arts, Arts Education and Pedagogy

Il faut prendre au sérieux l'importance d'une doctrine de l'éducation des enfants énoncée par Spinoza dans le Traité de la réforme de l'entendement (§15) 1. Néanmoins, il faut également prendre au sérieux l'affirmation spinoziste selon laquelle les hommes, donc les parents, ne sont pas rationnels. Pourtant, la doctrine de l'éducation des enfants est censée participer à la formation d'adultes « conscients de soi, de Dieu et des choses » et susceptibles de partager la béatitude. Il faut donc concevoir une « éducation sage », selon l'expression d'Éthique IV chapitre 20, mais qui peut être menée par des parents ignorants et soumis à leurs passions. Ce serait là l'équivalent pédagogique du Traité politique : faire en sorte que les hommes éduquent bien leurs enfants, qu'ils soient soumis à leurs passions ou qu'ils soient rationnels. Pour normer l'éducation, il faudrait partir des parents – et bien sûr des enfants – tels qu'ils sont, et non tels qu'on voudrait qu'ils fussent, et aboutir, selon les termes du Traité politique I-4, « non à des conclusions nouvelles ou inédites, mais seulement à celles qui s'accordent le mieux avec la pratique », sans renoncer pour autant « à les démontrer par des raisons certaines et indubitables, en les déduisant de la condition même de la nature humaine ».

- by Jacques-Louis Lantoine
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- Realism (Philosophy), Pedagogy, Dispositions, Spinoza

The aim of this study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions of their practice of values education, and to explore their degree of professionalism in this matter. Qualitative interviews with 13 teachers have been conducted and analysed by a comparative analysis. According to their view, values education is (a) most often reactive and unplanned, (b) embedded in everyday school life with a focus on students’ everyday behaviour in school, and (c) partly or mostly unconsciously performed. Furthermore, professional knowledge appears to be missing in the domain of values education among these teachers.

- by Robert Thornberg
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- Ethics, Teaching and Learning, Applied Ethics, Education

Slides to accompany the paper of the same title.

- by Susan Haack
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- Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy Of Language, Epistemology, Social Epistemology

L'analyse dispositionnelle des pratiques professionnelles, indissociable d'une approche structurale du travail, nous semble à même de rendre compte de l'ancrage social des professionnels. C'est ce dont nous rendons compte dans la première partie de cette introduction. Dans une seconde partie, nous interrogeons la manière dont les espaces professionnels (re)façonnent les individus, en articulant l'étude de la socialisation primaire et celle de la socialisation professionnelle.

- by David Pichonnaz
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- Pierre Bourdieu, Dispositions, Bourdieu, Bernard Lahire
- by Stephen Mumford
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- Philosophy, Ontology, Evidence Based Practice, Causation

We consider the connections between panpsychism and Russellian monism, and discuss recent objections to the positions due to Howell and Kind. We suggest possible avenues of response open to the Russellian monist, and develop the ideas of... more

- by Sam Coleman
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- Metaphysics, Philosophy of Mind, Consciousness, Dispositions

The thought of the Qurʾān consists of certain concepts. The concept of “fitrah”, which expresses the physical and spiritual side of people, is one of crucial concepts which stands for the conception of the Qurʾān. It is for this very reason that the concept has caught the attention of scholars from the earliest times of Islam. Usually, the concept of “fiṭra” is interpreted as the religion of Islāmand the initial creation or the potential of human’s acception to religion and whether they can change or not. In this context, a connection has been established between the “word of khalqullah” in the capture of Rūm and the same word in Nisā. In this study, the essence of “fiṭrah” will be examined and the basic elements of “fiṭrah” will be elaborated on. Moreover, whether wisdom, affection, love and ugliness are among the basic components of fitrah or not will be discussed. In addition, possible connections between the verse of “Fiṭrah” and the words of “tabdīl” and “taġyīr” will be investigated.

Causal reasoning can be seen as the backbone of science in aiming at the attainment of stable, transferable, and replicable knowledge. In the empirical sciences , gathering data helps the researcher in forming an opinion about the investigated causal hypothesis. What makes collected data evidence for or against such a hypothesis is its interpretation in light of the indicative traces the hypothetical causal association entails. In this paper, I will first collect the pivotal causal indicators. I will then revisit the literature on causation and put on different hats in reassessing how theory choice influences the relationships amongst this set of indicators. I will finally argue that, for the precise formulations proposed, utilizing all four indicators (i) presents a resolution to seemingly conflicting perspectives in the causal literature, and (ii) paves the way towards an enriched picture of scientific instruction, prediction, and explanation across the conceptual fences of different causal theories.

- by Roland Poellinger
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- Causal reasoning, Formal Epistemology, General Philosophy of Science, Evidence

This paper deals with the question of whether Kant's transcendental idealism allows for an explanation of the a posteriori aspects of mental content by the properties of empirical objects. I first show that a phenomenalist interpretation has severe problems with assuming that we perceive an object as being red or as being cubical partly because the perceived object is red and cubical, and then present an interpretation that allows us to save the realistic intuition behind these claims. According to this interpretation, Kantian phenomenal properties are understood as response-dependent properties of extra-mental objects that also have to have some response-independent (in-itself-) properties. I show that this interpretation is well supported by Kant's remarks about the transcendental object in the A-edition of the first Critique and that it also makes intelligible why Kant took explanations of mental content by means of empirical properties to imply an explanation by means of nouminal properties without thereby violating his own doctrine of noumenal ignorance. This allows us to discern the true kernel in Adickes' infamous talk about Kant's theory of double affection.

- by Tobias Rosefeldt
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- Idealism, German Idealism, Dispositions, Immanuel Kant
- by Guillaume Fréchette
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- Philosophy of Mind, Time-Consciousness, Franz Brentano, Consciousness

Nancy Cartwright has recently claimed that construing physical regularities as laws presupposes theistic commitment. To borrow her slogan: no God, no laws. Cartwright argues that the most plausible alternative for non-theists with realist intuitions about the modal status of lawlike phenomena is to ground them in powers. This article argues that a powers-based account of lawhood is inconsistent with a central commitment of metaphysical naturalism. It develops and rejects a platonic alternative before setting out a theistic analysis of powers that successfully accommodates the objections confronting alternative accounts. In slogan form: no God, no powers.

- by James Orr
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- Metaphysics of properties, Dispositions, Laws of Nature (Philosophy), Causal Powers

Behavioral science, teacher education, and related fields often require that professional dispositions of students and new entrants to the workplace be monitored for signs of impairment or lack of professional fitness. Due to a desire to avoid legal entanglements related to the American Disabilities Act (1990), direct measures of dispositions and psychological tests have fallen out of favor, replaced by behavioral rating scales and rubrics. One such rubric is the Professional Dispositions Competence Assessment (PDCA), developed by Garner and Freeman (Garner, Freeman, & Lee, 2016). Subsequent to the initial publication of the PDCA, the rubric has been field tested and revised. This report is a brief review written for the purpose of describing the revisions to the Professional Dispositions Competence Assessment (PDCA), revision that are reflected in the PDCA-R.

- by Curtis Garner
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- Dispositions, Gatekeeping, Counselor Education
- by Cyrille MICHON
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- Metaphysics, Dispositions, Causality, Powers

One might think that to be a muppet is just to be something that the Jim Henson Company decides is a muppet. After all, they have copyright on "muppet," (or rather, had, until they sold the rights to Disney). I argue, however, for a dispositional account of muppetationality - that to be a muppet is to be an appropriately created puppet character who is disposed towards engaging in muppetry, which includes the tendency to act absurdly.

- by Lauren Ashwell
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- Metaphysics, Dispositions, Response-Dependence, Muppets

Inaccurate stigmas and stereotypes may prevent individuals involved in consensual nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships from getting the counseling they seek when facing relational issues. Misperceptions regarding the satisfaction level of individuals in CNM relationships may perpetuate stereotypes and complicate therapeutic care. The current research attempted to determine the satisfaction levels of those involved in CNM relationships using the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and the Relational Assessment Questionnaire. Results of N ¼ 150 find a mean of 4.12 (0.76) on the RAS for the CNM group indicating no difference in satisfaction between the CNM sample and individuals identifying as monogamous. This research offers important considerations for counselors in reviewing biases and judgments they may hold in working with this population and contributes to the dearth of literature on CNM populations.

- by Curtis Garner and +2
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- Dispositions, Gatekeeping, Counselor Education, Logotherapy
- by Gregor Damschen
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- Dispositions

My dissertation concerns the restrictions that classical logic, when extended to modality, and temporality, places upon metaphysics when combined with an ontology of causally powerful substances. It is an established result of classical quantified modal logic (SQML) that the domain of discourse is fixed both in terms of what exists at any “possible world” and in terms of what exists at any time. That is, SQML entails that everything necessarily exists and nothing could have existed besides that which exists in fact. Avoiding this outcome would require the abandonment of classical quantificational theory.
One might wonder if there is much place for contingency in a world of necessary substances. The occurrences of events and processes may still turn out to be contingent and, I argue, they provide contingency enough to save the phenomena. In this respect, it is shown that formal classical logic reproduces the ancient ontological division between being and becoming. Being consists of a fixed domain of necessary objects (with necessary intrinsic properties), whatever those objects might turn out to be, while becoming consists of (typically) contingent events and processes. On this view, Socrates the substance is a necessary being while Socrates the lifetime is a process that spanned from 469 BC – 399 BC. Socrates the substance, however, still exists as a substance (but perhaps not as a human). Events and processes are understood to be less fundamental than the fixed substances themselves, since the former are modifications of the latter. As for the substances, their characterization is mostly negative (i.e., they cannot easily be identified with any familiar objects) but it is argued that they should be understood as concrete objects possessing intrinsic natural properties (construed as both qualitative and dispositional) sufficient to ground the events and processes through which they are manifest and by which we may fix referents to them. Along the way, the dissertation discusses a variety of topics, such as the nature of metaphysical modality as well as the nature of “metaphysical grounding”, and dispositional properties.

- by Adam Labecki
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- Modal Logic, Metaphysics, Ontology, Modality

The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of ἕξις in Plotinus’ virtue ethics. It is argued that since ἕξις signifies a quality of being in a permanent state of possession and virtue is defined as an ἕξις that intellectualizes the soul, therefore, it is suggested that virtue is an active ἕξις of the soul directed higher to the intelligible world in permanent contemplation of the Forms.

- by Giannis Stamatellos
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- Virtue Ethics, Dispositions, Neoplatonism, Plotinus (Philosophy)
- by Danilo Soto
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- Dispositions

The aim of the current study was to examine Swedish and Turkish teachers’ perspectives on values education. Qualitative interviews with 52 teachers were conducted and analyzed. Values education was mostly about compliance with societal values and norms. The learning goals or values in values education were mainly on how to treat others and on self-responsibility. Teachers did not take a critical approach. A main method of values education reported by the teachers was to be a good role model in everyday interactions with students. Values education was largely described as an everyday practice embedded in the stream of social interactions. Furthermore, an everyday language was used when the teachers described values and values education. There was a lack of professional knowledge in this domain.

- by Robert Thornberg
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- Psychology, Philosophy, Ethics, Teaching and Learning

Baile funk is a music scene historically associated with blackness and impoverished areas of Rio de Janeiro. This music has been gaining in visibility over the last three decades. Nevertheless, stigmatization and official repression co-exist with its popularity. Funk’s pervasiveness, even among the upper classes, does not seem to eradicate prejudice against producers and fans. This thesis investigates struggles for equal rights and full citizenship using funk by looking at the mediation and appropriation of funk music by the government, journalists, activist groups and funk creators themselves. This investigation refers to interviews, documents, videos and photographs. Hence, the methodology employed relies on a combination of ethnographic methods, including visual ethnography, and the analysis of semi-structured interviews.
Sociologists have associated popular culture with a lack of legitimacy and autonomy, opposing it to pure art and its disinterested approach to worldly life. Indeed, the creation of baile funk music is not a disinterested activity. While funk producers may have commercial interests, they do, nevertheless, also get involved in political matters and local community issues, dealing with structural constraints through their bodies, political activism and affective labour. Lastly, those creating funk demand the freedom to create, the possibility of occupying different spaces of the city and recognition as aesthetic agents.

- by Bruno Muniz
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- Music, Dance Studies, Embodiment, Electronic Music
- by Samuel Kimpton-Nye
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- Metaphysics of Modality, Explanation, Dispositions, Laws of Nature

This paper seeks to explicate and analyse an alternative response to fine-tuning arguments from those that are typically given, namely design or brute contingency. The response I explore is based on necessity, the necessitarian response. After showing how necessity blocks the argument, I explicate the response I claim necessitarians can give, and suggest how its three requirements can be met. Firstly that laws are metaphysically necessary, secondly that constants are metaphysically necessary, and thirdly that the fundamental properties which determine the laws and constants are necessary. After discussing each in turn, I end the paper by assessing how the response fares when running the fine-tuning argument in two ways, as an inference to best explanation and as a Bayesian argument.

- by Ben Page
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- Philosophy Of Religion, Dispositions, Laws of Nature, Fine-Tuning
- by Rev Fergal Cummins
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- Emotional intelligence, Dispositions, Pastoral Theology, Manual

How does God govern the world? For many theists ‘laws of nature’ play a vital role. But what are these laws, metaphysically speaking? I shall argue that laws of nature are not external to the objects they govern, but instead should be thought of as reducible to internal features of properties. Recent work in metaphysics and philosophy of science has revived a dispositionalist conception of nature, according to which nature is not passive, but active and dynamic. Disposition theorists see particulars as being internally powerful rather than being governed by external laws of nature, making external laws in effect ontologically otiose. I will argue that theists should prefer a dispositionalist ontology, since it leads them towards the theory of concurrentism in divine conservation, rather than occasionalism, and revives the distinction between internal and external teleology. God on this view does not govern the world through external laws of nature, but rather through internal aspects of powerful properties.

- by Ben Page
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- Philosophy Of Religion, Dispositions, Laws of Nature (Philosophy)