Ethnography Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by Irene Calis
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- Anthropology, Development Studies, Ethnography, Humanitarianism

What are the legacies of violence on gendered patterns of political representation? We examine the long-term effects of a watershed conflict of the twentieth century: the Khmer Rouge genocide, during which 50–70% of Cambodia’s working-age men were killed. Using original data on mass killings and economic and political conditions in Cambodian communes, we find that genocide exposure is positively associated with women’s economic advancement and present-day indicators of women’s representation in local-level elected office. We conduct in-depth, ethnographic interviews with genocide survivors to explore the mechanisms by which violence spurred women into elected office. A crucial finding emerges: In areas that suffered the genocide’s worst killings, widows obtained economic autonomy, providing a template for the economic advancement of women in households maintaining conventional gender roles. The shift in norms regarding the sexual division of labor created intra-communal and intergen...

- by Noah Zucker
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- Comparative Politics, Ethnography, Mixed Methods, Political Science

In this article, we build on the results of a participatory action research project in
healthcare to discuss a number of methods that can strengthen the link between
reflexive work and authoring in organizational contexts. We argue that, from an
organizational point of view, the challenge is to devise new ways to configure (and
consider) people as the authors of their work. This means assuming responsibility for,
and constructively contributing to, the goals of the organizations to which they belong.
Combining insights from theoretical reflection and experience from the field, the article
discusses the tools, process and material conditions for fostering practical reflexivity
and organizational authorship. We conclude that much is to be gained if we distinguish
between authorship and authoring. Authorship is the general process whereby managers
and organizational members contribute to the reproduction of organizational realities.
Authoring is constituted by the special circumstances whereby authorship is brought to
critical consciousness and becomes open to deliberate reorientation.

- by Mara Gorli and +2
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- Organizational Change, Participatory Action Research, Practice theory, Ethnography
- by Marc Strotmann
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- Ethnography, Phenomenology, Neuroethics, Science and Technology Studies

The debate about the same sex marriage bill in France has launched a significant sequence of politicization and assertion in the streets for the conservative Catholics. Though mobilization declined after the law was passed, these initiatives still arouse differentiated appropriation of public urban space. Relying on ethnographic work, this article analyses two logics of action emerging complementarily and organizing these post-‘Mariage pour tous’ demonstrations in Paris. In both cases there is a real ‘place-taking/place-making’ at work. Extending the study of recent Catholic mobilizations to the different activists still active after ‘La Manif Pour Tous’ makes it possible to understand how central the issue of drop in status seems in order to analyze these protest repertoires and their evolutionary inscription in the city, especially in the direction of the ‘peripheries’.

- by Marie Balas and +1
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- Ethnography, Debate over Same-Sex Marriage, Urban Sociology, Catholicism

On the Shoulders of Grandmothers won the 2020 Mirra Komavrsky Book Award from the Eastern Sociological Society (ESS). Through in-depth interviews and ethnographic work with migrant grandmothers caring for the elderly in Italy and California and their adult children in Ukraine, On the Shoulders of Grandmothers investigates how migrant grandmothers built the “new” Ukraine from the outside in through transnational networks. By comparing the experiences of individual migrants in two different migration patterns—one a post-Soviet “exile” of individual women to Italy and the other an “exodus” of families to the United States—Dr. Solari exposes the production of new gendered capitalist economics and nationalisms that precariously place Ukraine between Europe and Russia with implications for the global world order. This global ethnography explains the larger context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.

- by Cinzia D Solari
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- Political Economy, Feminist Theory, Globalization, Ethnography

La collecte d’objets fut une pratique fréquente dans les territoires occupés par les États européens colonisateurs. À partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, les pouvoirs coloniaux encourageaient leurs citoyens implantés dans les... more

- by Lotte Arndt and +2
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- Entomology, Art History, Museum Studies, Ethnography

The Early Music movement has generated a shift in performance practices of Western Art music and in its pedagogy. Musical analysis, if it became a key in the production of Historically Informed Performances, was always accompanied by a serious contextualization. In this article I will show how practices in Early Music can be seen as essentially postmodern (Jameson, Butt), recalling principles of deconstruction (Norris) for both its epistemology and its pedagogy. Early Musicians build on their knowledge of pre-modern music theories to promote non-canonized forms through an "insistent questioning of [their] own methods and practices" (Tomlinson). This postmodern attitude in knowledge transmission reveals a deep shift in social practices related to fields as diverse as politics and labour organization, and the recent debates between professional musicians are the mirror of difficulties to define one's positioning, especially when founded over such an ungraspable and moveable background. Oscillating between modern ideologies inherited from the Enlightenment and pre-modern concepts of art consumption, between literacy and orality (Goody), this practice, defined by acts of deconstruction, struggles to construct its identity. I consider these attempts as reflecting the peregrinations of a twenty-first-century epistemology in search of itself. In this essay, I partly based my work on ethnographic researches in Southern Europe, alongside scholarship readings and textual analyses.

- by Melodie Michel
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- Early Music, Southern Europe, Ethnomusicology, Ethnography
- by John Taylor
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- Christianity, Anthropology, Ethnography, Magic

This article analyzes the experience of one of the author's acquaintances, who served almost a month in jail and compares the mechanisms within a current Italian prison with those described in the classics of ethnography and sociology of prisons and in particular in Goffman's writings, finding intriguing and disturbing similarities in the mechanisms of a typical closed institution. carcere, istituzioni chiuse, prison, closed institutions

- by Claudio Riga
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- Ethnography, Life Stories, Prisons, Etnografía

How an ethnographic collection is received depends entirely on the narrative that accompanies the individual objects. Digging into the origins, making the diversity of cultural perspectives visible – this was the goal of “Object Biographies.” Taking three objects from the Africa collection as case studies, this collaboration between African and European scholars found new ways to tell the objects’ story, travelling back to their origins to bring them closer to Berlin’s museum-going public.

- by Verena Rodatus and +2
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- Museum Studies, Ethnography, History of Museums, Museology

Jordan, Mandy M. Building Resiliency: The Role of Faith-Based Organizations in the Trauma-Affected Community of Santa Fe, Texas. Master of Science (Applied Anthropology), August 2021, 205 pp., 2 tables, 15 figures, 8 appendices, references, 91 titles. On May 18, 2018, a shooter entered Santa Fe High School, killing eight students and two teachers. Using ethnographic methods, this research examines the role of faith, rituals, language, and symbols in the trauma-affected community during the response, recovery, and resiliency efforts as perceived by the Santa Fe community and those impacted by the tragedy. Qualitative data collected from 100 individuals ages of 17-84 illustrated how historical trauma, community culture, and faith-based organizations impact community resiliency and how illusions of a homogenous view of the community left many feeling shocked, divided, forgotten or muted.

- by Mandy Jordan
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- Semiotics, Christianity, Social Psychology, American Studies

Abstract: This study elaborates the cultural categories of meanings used by seventh-graders at a junior high school to describe their teachers. It examines the common expressions students used in open-ended interviews to describe their teachers and their experience within these teachers' classes. A semantic structure that underlies the terms that students used to describe their teachers was conceptualized in the following form: the highest level of abstraction and generalizability were four foci (academic work, instructional facility, ...

- by Martin J Packer
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- Ethnography, Interviews, Models

The goal of this unit is to build into the mindset of the students a sociocultural and anthropological understanding of space and place. The key method that this unit aims to provide the students with centers around the notion of empathy in understanding the needs of users, which, in this case, is not just the immediate clients or users of the space proposed for them but also the communities and polity surrounding it. The emphasis of this unit is on the “urban solutions.” In order to achieve this empathy, students will engage in qualitative research methods such as participant observation, open-ended interviews, and analogous and inquisitive participation. In this unit, we will be looking at a real project that is in the centre of public and media attention. Students will think about how this complex community of people are living, selling, maneuvering kinship and business practices through space and time. It is crucial to understand the context, the people and the culture; as there is a real need for design that integrates all of the above. This unit will give the students the training in the methods by which they can systematically collect ‘thick social data’ to
integrate into this urban design lab.

- by Non Arkaraprasertkul
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- Architecture, Ethnography, Urban Planning, Urban Studies
- by Stefan Georg
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- Philology, Languages, Cultural History, Sociology

The book charts the attempts of Islam's largest missionary movement, the Tablighi Jamaat (TJ), to build Europe's biggest mosque in London – the so-called Mega Mosque. The book follows TJ from its founding in India in 1926, to its establishment in Britain during the 1940s, to its plans for construction of a controversial mosque in London. The book addresses the issues emerging at the forefront of national debates across liberal democracies: the role of Islam in the west, conceptions of changing citizenship and national identities, and how best to integrate increasingly diverse populations. What happens to illiberal and politically disengaged groups that wish to segregate themselves from what they regard as corrupt and immoral wider societies? How do these groups engage with government policy that seeks to define good citizens as those that are actively engaged in the socio-political life of the community? Zacharias Pieri provides context and insight to answer these and other important questions.

- by Zacharias Pieri
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- New Religious Movements, Sociology, Political Sociology, Social Movements

Votive objects or ex-votos are a broad category of material artifacts produced with the intention of being offered as acts of faith. Common across historical periods, religions, and cultures, they are presented as tokens of gratitude for prayers answered, as well as the physical manifestation of hopes and anxieties. Agents of Faith explores votive offerings in the context of material culture, art history, and religious studies to better understand their history and present-day importance. By looking at what humans have chosen to offer in their votive transactions, this volume uncovers their most intimate moments in life and questions the nature, role, and function of one of the most fundamental aspects of the relationship between people and things—the imbuing of objects with sentiment. Encompassing exquisite works of art as well as votives of humble origin and material, with objects dating from 2000 B.C. to the twenty-first century, the beautiful illustrations and wide-ranging text expose the global reach of votive practices and the profoundly personal nature behind their creation.

- by Ittai Weinryb
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- Art History, History of Religion, Ethnography, Anthropology Of Art

MID-LENT (MIJINQ) AND THE FEAST OF THE FORTY MARTYRS OF SEBASTE IN THE ARMENIAN CHURCH AND FOLK CALENDARS
In the Armenian folk calendar Mid-Lent (Mijinq) and the feast of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste belong to the winter-spring transitional season.
Mijinq is the 24th day of the Great Lent. At first, it was a feast of Spring Еquinox. It was later merged with Easter Holydays, gained 35-day mobility, moving between February 25 and March 22, but kept the customs and rituals of Spring Еquinox. Mijinq has never been included in the church calendar as a canonical feast, but at the beginning of the XIX century was fixed on the church calendar with the other dates of the national calendar. The feast of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste is celebrated on Saturday after Mijinq. The life of these saints and their feast symbolize the death and resurrection, the beginning of a new life.
Therefore, this feast in the church calendar was placed in the middle part of the Great Lent, which is the border between winter (death) and spring (life). From Wednesday of Mijinq to the Saturday, the feast of the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, corresponds to the fourth week of the Great Lent and represents a festive-ritual circle during it. Like other traditional feasts, it also has a rich ritual complex, with its essential stages (pre-festive, festive, after-festive) and components (the name of the feast cycle, feast liturgy, beliefs, repast tradition, pilgrimage, marriage rituals, rituals in memory of the deceased etc.).

- by Stiuca Narcisa
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- Economic History, Cultural Heritage, Ethnography, Ritual Practices

This thesis is a study of Tottenham High Road, and how the urban blocks which comprise its depth are composed. Depth has a number of components: architecture, space and time; depth is the armature in which people live their social lives, and the place where local cultures emerge. The conception of depth offers a way of capturing urban life in its richness and its reciprocities. The literature about high streets offers few detailed analyses of their spatial and psycho-social ordering and this thesis seeks to fill that gap. The approach is a hermeneutics of praxis, using ethnographic methods, in-depth interviews, and situating the information spatially using architectural drawing techniques. It offers a novel method of investigating and understanding the structures and processes which make up the high streets and which, in aggregate, make the whole city. Tottenham High Road is used here as a case study, a vehicle through which to interpret evidence about the existence and nature of depth, with its manifold structures. Understanding depth is vital to understanding high streets, so this thesis allows a deeper and richer interpretation of high streets than has previously been possible.
There is a problem in planning orthodoxy around high streets, typified in Tottenham: the richness of depth is flattened and codified, in order to frame swathes of city as sites from which to reap economic reward. In fact, depth contains all of human life, and understanding it, therefore, is an ethical responsibility for planning. Depth has a number of characteristics, ordered by different processes and forces. Firstly, physical order, shaped by both economic and social forces. For example, the most public uses are found in the 'shallowest' parts of depth, and these are the most valuable sites because they command the greatest passing trade. Secondly, depth has a social order, through playing out of place ballet by people as they live their lives. The social order operates interdependently and reciprocally with the physical order of depth. Commitment between people and places (citizenship) results in special place cultures, which are hosted in depth. Depth has variation in the scope of decorum from the outer edge of the block to the centre: more things are possible inside the block than at its edge.
The insights about depth in this thesis are relevant to many areas of life: to planning, to politics and to existing theory, because depth provides an account for the ethical order in which other areas of human life take place. With an understanding of depth it is possible to evaluate planning proposals, efforts at ensuring political participation, to shed light on existing theories such as Cosmopolitanism, and to add a valuable layer of information about the real structures of London to the existing literature.

- by Jane Clossick
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- Urban Geography, Architecture, Ethnography, Urban Planning

Human culture and language are deeply intertwined. Anthropologists would have difficulty understanding a culture without becoming familiar with its language and vice versa. In fact, neither one can exist without the other. Like culture, language is continually changing. Societal norms and practices impact the ways that people communicate with each other. Thus, by looking at how people speak to each other, we can deduce certain things about their relationships and relative status in society.

- by Francine Barone
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- Anthropology, Ethnolinguistics, Ethnography, Sociolinguistics

Peacebuilding presents a formidable challenge to anthropology, because it “enframes” our contemporary world in particular ways. In our introduction to the special section on peacebuilding and anthropology we highlight the changing relationship between peace, conflict, culture and academic writing and how the three articles on Northern Ireland, Afghanistan and India-Pakistan address the changing relationships. The articles do not have the intention to present a coherent statement where anthropology “is” in relation to peace and conflict studies. Each of them engages with a different aspect of the discipline and broader question beyond ethnographic fieldwork.

- by Tobias Denskus
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- Cultural Studies, Anthropology, Ethnography, Peacebuilding
- by Penny Dransart
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- Archaeology, Anthropology, Ethnography, Textiles
- by Kostas Vlassopoulos
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- Ancient History, Classics, Ethnography, Ancient Greek History

South Asia is a region with unity in diversity, having at least twenty different dominant languages and over two hundred basic dialects. And yet, most of South Asia continues to remain economically poor and "developing" with gender disparity remaining a real concern at the heart of South Asian unity. The 2019 Global Hunger Index ranks all the major South Asian countries in the "serious" category with Sri Lanka coming in 66th, Nepal 73rd, Bangladesh 88th, Pakistan 94th, and India 102nd out of 117 countries. Women suffer the most, as they have to bear the direct burden of gender inequality and, as a consequence, children experience malnutrition. The 2018 Global Nutrition Report states that on average 49 percent of reproductive-age women in South Asia have anemia, and the prevalence of stunting in the population of children under-five is 32.7 percent, which is significantly greater than the global average of 21.9 percent. There is no data available for those who identify as nonbinary, and there is a long way to go before the data gap can be filled despite the official recognition of "third" gender people in Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Ironically, in spite of the official recognition of a nonheteronormative gender identity, homosexuality has yet to be decriminalized in most of South Asia with the exception of Nepal and India, having decriminalized homosexuality in 2007 and 2018, respectively. To read more: https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/genderedlives/chapter/chapter-3-introducing-the-region/

- by Ina Goel
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- Anthropology, Feminist Theory, Ethnography, Gender History
- by Locadia Shangu
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- Sociology, Anthropology, Ethnography

Autoethnography is a method of research that involves describing and analyzing personal experiences in order to understand cultural experiences. The method challenges canonical ways of doing research and recognizes how personal experience influences the research process. Autoethnography acknowledges and accomodates subjectivity, emotionality, and the researcher's influence on research. In this book, the authors provide a historical and conceptual overview of autoethnography. They share their stories of coming to autoethnography and identify key concerns and considerations that led to the development of the method. Next, they outline the purposes and practices--the core ideals--of autoethnography, how autoethnographers can accomplish these ideals, and why researchers might choose to do autoethnography. They describe the processes of doing autoethnography, conducting fieldwork, discussing ethics in research, and interpreting and analyzing personal experience, and they explore the various modes and techniques used and involved in writing autoethnography. They conclude with goals for creating and assessing autoethnography and describe the future of autoethnographic inquiry. Throughout, the authors provide numerous examples of their work and share key resources. This book will serve as both a guide to the practices of doing autoethnography and an exemplar of autoethnographic research processes and representations.

- by Tony Adams and +1
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- Ethnography, Qualitative methodology, Autoethnography, Qualitative Research
- by Carolyn Ellis
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- Ethnography, Autoethnography, Collaborative Research
- by Shruti Chaudhry
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- Southeast Asian Studies, Ethnography, Poverty, Gender

Using Tim Ingold’s (2011) assertion that walking provides the opportunity for “mobilising all of our senses of smell and touch as well as vision” (42) this chapter presents a series of three case studies that explicate the role walking plays as an embodied, but deeply reflexive point of encounter. A series of walking case examples, drawn from the authors’ collaborations, are used to argue a case for a walking method that takes account of the sensory, liminal, but ultimately uncertain encounters walking provokes. We outlay within this chapter what Anita Sinner et al (2006) have identified as a “localised and evolving methodology” (p. 1224) that positions walking as central to its conduct. The act of walking opened opportunities for encounters that otherwise would not have been possible, and in taking this cue from the case examples, we connect walking with the possibility of the liminal; of being on the threshold. We will position walking as that which is quintessentially in-between, a space of disruption and uncertainty, but from which might emerge a “topology for new tasks toward other places of thinking and putting to work” (Lather, 1997, p. 486).

- by Andrew Hickey and +1
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- Cultural Studies, Anthropology, Ethnography, Ethnography (Research Methodology)

This chapter builds on the final section of the last, continuing the focus on female workers. Bodies in space form the primary emphasis of the chapter. This involves an exploration of the relationship between bodies and work and also an examination of the ways in which female bodies move through and across spaces of home, gully, factory and city. Two trajectories of marginalisation – that constructed around Muslim minority status and that cemented within hegemonic gender norms (Ray & Qayum 2009) – intersect in the production and reproduction of feminised sectors of the labour force. Other factors were also significant, class in particular. Those labouring in situations like those of Noor and her family were universally at the bottom of both social and labour hierarchies. In a context that often situated women’s engagements with the labour market – particularly when they involved leaving the domestic space – as symbolising low socio-economic standing, it was the families with the smallest incomes that provided the labour for finishing work.

- by Thomas Chambers
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- Anthropology, Ethnography, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Gender and Work

Asupra omului văzut ca entitate dinamică cu tendinţe de perfecţionare (intelectuală, socială, economică) acţionează concomitent o serie de rituri cu valenţe diverse, uneori chiar contrare. Astfel, integrarea într-un nou context nu se produce brusc, ci doar printr-o succesiune de rituri ce separă treptat individul de vechiul context şi altă serie de rituri ce îl agregă mereu într-o altă poziţie. Aceste rituri acţionează cu intensităţi diferite raportat la un anume moment temporal. Dacă imediat după ieşirea dintr-un cadru iniţial riturile de segregare sunt predominate şi intense, cu timpul au loc integrări temporare, iar riturile de acceptare se manifestă din ce în ce mai puternic. Apare astfel evident pe de o parte, o interferenţă a riturilor de trecere, iar pe de altă parte, o interferenţă a riturilor de trecere cu alte categorii de rituri.

- by chiselev alexandru
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- Ethnography, Rites of Passage, Comparative Ethnic Studies
- by Andrew Walsh
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- Anthropology, Globalization, Ecotourism, Ethnography