Fractal antenna, Antenna Research Papers (original) (raw)

Different slot structures have been widely used in numerous designs to produce antennas with enhanced bandwidths. In this paper, a printed slot antenna has been introduced as a candidate for use in the multi-band wireless communication applications. The antenna slot structure has a rectangular shape with its width, from the side of feed, has been modified in the form of Koch fractal curve of the second iteration. The antenna has been fed with 50 Ohm microstrip transmission line etched on the reverse side of the substrate. Modeling and performance evaluation of the proposed antenna design have been carried out using a method of moments based EM simulator, IE3D. Simulation results show that the resulting antenna exhibits a multi-resonant behavior making it suitable for a wide variety of multi-band wireless communication applications. The first resonant band, centered at 2.58 GHz, extends from 2.40 to 2.89 GHz. This band covers the 2.4 GHz WLAN band (frequency range 2.4–2.483 GHz) and the 2.5 GHz mobile WiMAX operating band (frequency range 2.5–2.7 GHz). The second resonant band, centered at 4.03 GHz, extends from 3.40 to 4.50 GHz. This band covers the 3.5 GHz mobile WiMAX operating band (frequency range 3.4–3.6 GHz). While the third resonant band centered at 5.74 GHz, extends from 5.42 to 6.18 GHz. This band covers the U-NII mid-band (frequency range 5.47–5.725 GHz) and U-NII high-band (frequency range 5.725 –5.875 GHz). Parametric study has been carried out to explore the effect of varying the antenna feed line length on its performance.

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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

Emerging wireless communication antennas presently need to operate at ISM. In this paper, a Cantor fractal monopole antenna using multi fractal structure is proposed and presented for ISM band applications. The antenna is designed in FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.6. Simulation is performed with CST microwave studio. The bandwidth of the antenna is optimized and the gain of the proposed antenna is improved.

- by GRD JOURNALS
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- Cantor, Fractals and multifractals, Fractal antenna, Antenna, ISM Band

A compact, circular UWB fractal antenna with triple reconfigurable notch rejection bands is proposed. It rejects the crowded frequency bands WiMAX, WLAN and X band interferences produced in UWB communication systems. The proposed fractal structure consists of a basic circular patch with circular fractal iterations. By employing this new structure of fractals, the overall size of antenna is reduced 53% to 21x25 mm, in comparison with traditional circular monopole antenna. The implemented antenna operates at 3.1-10 GHz. Re-configurability is realized by designing slots and split ring resonators in desired frequencies with the attached PIN diodes. WLAN band rejection was realized by creating a pair of optimized L-shaped slots in the ground plane. By etching a split ring resonator and a U-shaped slot, X and WiMAX bands were also rejected. Furthermore, by attaching diodes to aforementioned slots and designating the diodes on/off, different bands can be included or rejected. In time domain, the antenna properties are evaluated by a figure of merit called fidelity factor. Finally, the antenna properties are measured in anechoic chamber and the results agrees with simulation findings.

A microstrip line feed modified Sierpinski square fractal antenna for ultra-wide band (UWB) with band notch
characteristics is presented. UWB operation (3.1–10.6 GHz) is achieved by increasing the numbers of iteration and
rectangular grooved ground plane. The band rejection characteristic is realised by a ∩ -slot in the feed line. The proposed
antenna has a volume 34 × 34 × 1.6 mm3 with a square shape structure and shows omnidirectional radiation patterns. The
measurement results indicate that the antenna offers UWB operation and a notch at 5.5 GHz (5–6 GHz) for a reflection
coefficient below −10 dB which covers the wireless local area network band. Acceptable agreement is obtained between the
simulated and measured antenna performance parameters. These characteristics demonstrate that the proposed antenna is an
attractive candidate for UWB applications.

- by Dr Santanu Kumar Behera
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

The Study of microstrip patch antenna has made great progress in recent years. Compared with conventional antennas, microstrip patch antenna has more advantages and better prospects. Microstrip Antennas have characteristics like low cost and low profile, smaller in dimensions and ease of fabrication make it well suited for various wireless service requirements. Moreover, the microstrip patch antennas can provide dual and circular polarization, dual frequency operation, broad band-width, feedline flexibility. In this paper we discuss the microstrip antenna, types of microstrip antenna, feeding techniques with their advantages and disadvantages over conventional microwave antennas.

- by Arun Sharma
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna
- by mukesh bhardwaj
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- Wireless Sensor Networks, EEG, Fractal antenna, Antenna
- by Anirban Karmakar
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

The design of a fractal based slot antenna, to serve the dual-band communication applications, is proposed in this paper. The structure of the proposed antenna is based on the Koch snowflake fractal geometry of the third iteration as applied to the outer and inner perimeters of an annular ring slot configuration. The antenna slot structure has been etched on one side of a substrate representing its ground plane, and a microstrip line feed is printed on the other side. The realized results proved that the proposed antenna could excite three resonant modes. The first one was assigned for the lower resonating band from (2.24-2.93) GHz, while the second and third modes have been merged forcibly to generate the upper resonating band from (4.48-5.54) GHz. In terms of the guided wavelength, λg, the resulting antenna has a compact size of 0.57λg × 0.57λg. The results reveal that the antenna yields two resonant bands with a significant extent of the frequency ratio. To improve the antenna performance at the two resonant bands, investigation of current density distributed on the surface of the antenna is conducted at selected frequencies within the swept range. With the aid of this study, it has been found that when applying a defected ground structure (DGS) on the antenna ground plane, it can be considered as a tuning means of the two resonant bands. Measured results carried out on two fabricated prototypes confirm those theoretically predicted.

- by Hussain A. Hammas and +1
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- Fractal Geometry, Antenna Design, Fractal antenna, Antenna, Dual-Band Antennas
- by Sanjay Gurjar
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

— In this paper, we present a novel impedance matching method for loop antenna by integrating the in-loop ground plane (ILGP). Compact Koch fractal loop is designed for ambient radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications at GSM1800 band. Comparing to the conventional matching method for loop antenna, the proposed ILGP doesn't require any additional layout and can easily match the impedance to 50 Ohms. The in-loop ground plane makes antenna more compact and provides high total efficiency. The performance of the proposed antenna has been verified by simulation and measurements. It should be noted that the ILGP matching method is useful for various planar loop antennas utilized for different wireless communication applications.

- by Andrey S Andrenko
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- Antennas, Fractal antenna, Antenna, RF Energy Harvesting

Energy can be conserved by reusing what has already been spent. Such type of energy is readily available in the electromagnetic form (ambient RF energy). Signals broadcasted from AM, FM, cellular base stations and millions of other wireless devices can be converted to DC power. However, the main roadblock in this field of research is the level of power that ambient radiation carries. High efficiency antennas and rectifier circuits are required to harvest a fair amount of energy that can be used by low power devices. This paper presents the design of a novel multiband fractal antenna and a rectifier circuit that can be used to harvest ambient RF energy.

- by Srijan Datta
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna, RF Energy Harvesting, Multiband

This paper on fractal techniques for designing microstrip antenna exhibits details of fractal geometries developed to get multiband behavior of patch resonator antenna. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by fractal geometry on microstrip patch antenna for X band used for satellite communication and radar application are presented.

Fractal Minkowski patch antenna is proposed. Classical complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is slotted on the patch. For comparison, fractal Hilbert shape split ring resonator also slotted on the patch. These slots make the patch behaves as a left-handed material in certain frequency band. Minkowski fractal antenna has three resonance frequencies. The complementary split ring resonator and Hilbert ring affects the upper two frequencies and make the antenna resonate at lower frequencies. Lowering the resonance frequencies cause a reduction in antenna size. More reduction of antenna size is obtained when fractal Hilbert is used as complementary split
ring resonator. The simulated results have been done by using (HFSS) software, which is based on finite element modeling. The measurement of fabricated antenna shows good agreement with simulation results.

- by Amer Shaalan
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna, Metamaterial
- by Dr. Venkateshwar reddy
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

Bandwidth of the operating frequency of an antenna is an important parameter in antenna design. It is strongly related to the performance of data rate. Hence to get more data rates for mobile applications, much higher bandwidths are needed. Frequency bands lies above 6 GHz, characterized by more continuous frequency range than bands below 6 GHz. This gives more chance to meet these requirements. To this end Pentagon fractal antenna is proposed here. It has multiband behavior and very good gain and directivity with excellent efficiency which make it very suitable for above 6 GHz applications.

- by Amer Shaalan
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

A novel compact Minkowski Pre-fractal antenna is investigated to be an efficient scheme of miniaturization. Based on the simulation results, the proposed antenna has shown to posses an excellent size reduction possibility with good radiation performance for wireless applications. Compared with the conventional square patch microstrip antenna and the square microstrip antenna with two pairs of slits at edges, the presented antenna exhibits high size reduction, wider impedance-bandwidth performance and multi-frequency operation with acceptable radiation characteristics. Moreover, with the novel geometry, the designer will have a high degree of freedom that can be used to reduce further the antenna size.

This paper presents the design of novel conformal fractal loop antennas proposed for the rapidly developing RF identification (RFID) wireless technology. Two antennas, based on Koch and Hilbert fractal geometries, are designed and optimized for 0.953 GHz RFID band. Key design requirement has been
maximizing the antenna gain and directivity that results in increasing the read range of RFID system. Full-wave EM simulation results illustrating the radiation characteristics of the proposed antennas are presented. Antenna layout has been defined to fit the specified size of RFID tags. The design trade-off between the space-filling properties of the fractal geometry and required antenna gain performance is discussed.

- by Andrey S Andrenko
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- RFID Technology, Fractal antenna, Antenna, RFID tag Antenna design
- by Sanjay Gurjar
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- Fractal antenna, Antenna

Abstract:
In this paper, fractal Koch antenna is proposed. Complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) has the shape of Hilbert Curve is added to the ground plane as a defect. This embedded shape makes the patch behave as left-handed material in certain frequency band. Koch antenna has two resonance frequencies. The resonance frequencies located at 5.32 GHz and 11 GHz. Adding Hilbert ring to the ground plane makes the antenna resonates at 4.6 GHz and 8.7 GHz. Lowering the resonance frequencies cause a reduction in antenna size. The simulated results have been done using (HFSS) software, which is based on finite element modeling.

- by ammar Nadal Shareef and +1
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- Electromagnetic metamaterials, Fractal antenna, Antenna