Grids Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Signage in three-dimensional physical spaces can be considered a message system whose main goal is to inform and influence users, as well as to certify that they translate an advice, an order or an obligation. The advantage of using... more

Signage in three-dimensional physical spaces can be considered a message system whose main goal is to inform and influence users, as well as to certify that they translate an advice, an order or an obligation.
The advantage of using pictograms and symbols over text is that they are concise and universally decipherable, crossing the barriers of individual languages or even literacy.
In the beginning of the 20th century Neurath believed that sign language is the medium of all knowledge: empirical facts are only available to the human mind through symbols. Approximately 40 years ago, Otl Aicher drew an extensive series of pictograms that emerged as a completely standardised visual language, i.e., his drawings were designed according to strict mathematical guidelines/rules.
Graphic designers can use different “calligraphies” to support their pictogram design, (like many designers have done for some Olympic Games after Munich or like Paul Mijksenaar have done to Schiphol airport), but they shouldn’t create pictograms in a self-centred and/or inconsiderate manner.
Aicher´s work influenced the “calligraphy” of pictograms because of his systemic approach. Not through the grid. His grid was a reference for the pictogram design, but it wasn’t the most important. We will see this in this paper.
So, how can we understand the Olympic pictogram’s design? Is that cultural, local, traditional or universal?
I can say that it is al about the “calligraphic styles”.
In this paper we will “deconstruct” analyze and understand universal pictographic systems and their construction rules, by applying a systemic approach.

In this paper, numerical solution of second-order basic partial differential equations is solved and compared. Various method used in solving second order partial differential equation. Numerical solution using finite difference method... more

In this paper, numerical solution of second-order basic partial differential equations is solved and compared. Various method used in solving second order partial differential equation. Numerical solution using finite difference method over (Uniform Vs Randomly) meshes Vs Theta Method are presented and discussed. To examine the practicability of PDEs through finite difference method using randomly generated grids. Numerical Solution using Finite difference method is based on grids. The idea of randomly generated meshes helps to decide the practicability and feasibility of such approaches. In this research, time, iterations, and performance measured. We have solutions through randomly generated grids having better results than uniform meshes and theta method.

This research project aims to study and systematize design methods and procedures included in each method in order to achieve formal coherence within and between figure pictographic systems. The study focuses on two contexts included in... more

This research project aims to study and systematize design methods and procedures included in each method in order to achieve formal coherence within and between figure pictographic systems. The study focuses on two contexts included in the area of information design: Airport facilities and Olympic Games facilities. One of the intended outcomes was the possibility to propose and systematize one, or more, design methods and design procedures that aim to achieve a formal coherence in pictographic systems for use in cross-cultural facilities. Not only was it possible to obtain four different design methods and procedures, but also the opportunity to test and validate these results with a group of university students majoring in design. Of all of these, the one that ensures the attainment of formal coherence within and between figures is the Modular Standardized Grid Method. It was also considered that, when we follow a series of design procedures, which uses modular elements (formal syntactic attributes) articulated on a generating principle (grid or skeleton), the better we solve the problem of obtaining within and between formal coherence. In this paper I will mostly focus the design process through modularity. This idea came from the active research process initiated by me through the ideas originated by Otl Aicher's and Gui Bonsiepe design procedures and the way that they applied the idea of grid/pattern to the exercise of design. The results were tested in a group of 93 students. Besides the possibility to test and support the idea that a modular methods is better to obtain formal coherence, and it was also possible to get results about two different ways to use modular grids in pictogram design: Generating Grids and Regulation Grids.

In this study, the idea of randomly generated grids presented for solving two-dimensional partial differential equations using the finite difference method. The finite difference method is based on meshes usually called grids. There is no... more

In this study, the idea of randomly generated grids presented for solving two-dimensional partial differential equations using the finite difference method. The finite difference method is based on meshes usually called grids. There is no rule for generating meshes. In this paper, we are using MATLAB code for generating random grids. The numerical solution of the engineering model using the finite difference method over the uniform, randomly generated grids are compared and analyzed. It is concluded that the novel method that is "randomly generated grids" is converging solution-wise, iteration wise and computational time-wise. This research contributes method, which is random meshes to solve the partial differential equation.

The earthing system is very important to safe human’s lives and protect power system from normal and abnormal faults. High soil resistivity regions is the main problem of installation the earthing systems in electric power substations to... more

The earthing system is very important to safe human’s lives and protect power system from normal and abnormal faults. High soil resistivity regions is the main problem of installation the earthing systems in electric power substations to pass the current through the earth's surface. This paper has been overcome on high soil resistivity regions by penetrating conductive nanoparticles to have extremely low grounding resistance. Moreover, it has been succeeded to examine the methodology of the proposed Nano-Tech earthing systems in case of single rods, multiple rods and grids. Also, it has been defined optimal types and concentrations of nanoparticles for NanoTech grounding system to provide excellence protection for electrical substations with respect to built beneath of soil where substation is located. A comparative study has been discussed and analyzed the results of traditional and nanotechnology grounding systems.

The article argues that by means of qualities intrinsic to the medium of the photobook, the renowned Danish photographer Krass Clement (b. 1946) constructs a complex narration, which, on the one hand, seeks meta-reflection on the... more

The article argues that by means of qualities intrinsic to the medium of the photobook, the renowned Danish photographer Krass Clement (b. 1946) constructs a complex narration, which, on the one hand, seeks meta-reflection on the relationships between photography, memory, and the perception of reality, and, on the other, explores the post-GDR condition of Berlin and Germany. "Venten på i går. Auf Gestern warten" (Danish and German for “Waiting for yesterday”) includes both old and contemporary images, in both colour and black-and-white, but the book is neither (n)ostalgic nor documentary. Rather, I insist that Clement’s project epitomizes memory work and that its guiding principle can be understood through Rosalind Krauss’ concept of the grid. The grid is here inseparable from photography’s relation to memory and reality. I explore how the dialectics between remembering and forgetting, inherent to photography, is enacted by the book, and how it foregrounds the opaqueness rather than the transparency of the medium and perception. I also present how the universe constructed by Clement unfolds within the three temporal dimensions suggested in the title of the book: a present (post-ideological) suspension between the future and the past.

Regular grid spatial subdivision is frequently used for fast ray tracing of scanned models. Scanned models feature regular sized primitives, with a regular spatial distribution. Grids have worse performance, than other subdivision... more

Regular grid spatial subdivision is frequently used for fast ray tracing of scanned models. Scanned models feature regular sized primitives, with a regular spatial distribution. Grids have worse performance, than other subdivision techniques, for irregular models without these characteristics. We propose a method to improve the performance of grids for rendering irregular scenes by allowing the individual placement of grid split planes: the rectilinear grid. We describe how to construct and traverse a rectilinear grid. To exploit cache memory in modern processors compression is used for the split plane and grid cell data. We demonstrate in a series of tests that the method has faster ray tracing rendering performance than a compressed regular grid of similar dimensions.

Grid computing or computational grid is always a vast research field in academic, as well as in industry also. Computational grid provides resource sharing through multi-institutional virtual organizations for dynamic problem solving.... more

Grid computing or computational grid is always a vast research field in academic, as well as in industry also. Computational grid provides resource sharing through multi-institutional virtual organizations for dynamic problem solving. Various heterogeneous resources of different administrative domain are virtually distributed through different network in computational grids. Thus any type of failure can occur at any point of time and job running in grid environment might fail. Hence fault tolerance is an important and challenging issue in grid computing as the dependability of individual grid resources may not be guaranteed. In order to make computational grids more effective and reliable fault tolerant system is necessary. The objective of this paper is to review different existing fault tolerance techniques applicable in grid computing. This paper presents state of the art of various fault tolerance technique and comparative study of the existing algorithms.

In 2016 the Canadian landscape architect, Pierre Bélanger, unveiled "Extraction," a site-specific intervention at the Venice Architecture Biennale. Bélanger's installation drew attention to the grid as it was used by the British... more

In 2016 the Canadian landscape architect, Pierre Bélanger, unveiled "Extraction," a site-specific intervention at the Venice Architecture Biennale. Bélanger's installation drew attention to the grid as it was used by the British Empire to assert sovereignty over the full expanse of British North Amer-ica (Canada) by implementing the Dominion Land Survey (1871-1930). For Bélanger's "Extraction," this sovereign act, specifically the act of placing a surveyor's monument to demarcate dominion, became a means to highlight 800 years of geological and human exploitation by the Crown. When used as a means of spatial organization, the grid supported the imposition of political and economic agendas by Colonial Europeans on the indigenous landscape and its inhabitants. Theories of architectural and spatial design methodology (per Manfredo Tafuri and Rosalind Krauss) contextualize the instrumentality of grids in our review of recent urban , architectural, and geo-spatial works by Pierre Bélanger, Alessandro Rosanelli, Jennifer Bauer and Kelly Rose. The paper concludes with an appraisal of the advance of geo-spatial grid mapping and its countervalent potential for design professionals.

This paper presents a working methodology and a complementary interactive tool, called JobDag, for execution of commands on files selected from a wor king area. Workflows based on DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) can be specified using JobD... more

This paper presents a working methodology and a complementary interactive tool, called JobDag, for execution of commands on files selected from a wor king area. Workflows based on DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) can be specified using JobD ag, for deferred execution on remote platforms such as clusters or grids. We have used the package SU (Seismic Unix) for testing JobDag,

Training sessions to learn how to draw formal gardens and patterns as those we see in today heritage gardens. A rare opportunity to decipher the grids, proportions and geometrical keys of formal gardens (or any classical pattern as used... more

Training sessions to learn how to draw formal gardens and patterns as those we see in today heritage gardens. A rare opportunity to decipher the grids, proportions and geometrical keys of formal gardens (or any classical pattern as used in design, marquetry, ironwork, etc.) E-mail to bourgognegeobiologie@gmail.com

Instead of an abstract, a "prelude" What realities can be First of all, realities can be real or abstract, synthetic or imagined. The moment we embody realities and are able to share them, they become real for us. The critical step is... more

A web operating system is an operating system that users can access from any hardware at any location. A peer-to-peer (P2P) grid uses P2P communication for resource management and communication between nodes in a grid and manages... more

A web operating system is an operating system that users can access from any hardware at any location. A peer-to-peer (P2P) grid uses P2P communication for resource management and communication between nodes in a grid and manages resources locally in each cluster, and this provides a proper architecture for a web operating system. Use of semantic technology in web operating systems is an emerging field that improves the management and discovery of resources and services. In this paper, we propose PGSW-OS (P2P grid semantic Web OS), a model based on a P2P grid architecture and semantic technology to improve resource management in a web operating system through resource discovery with the aid of semantic features. Our approach integrates distributed hash tables (DHTs) and semantic overlay networks to enable semantic-based resource management by advertising resources in the DHT based upon their annotations to enable semantic-based resource matchmaking. Our model includes ontologies and virtual organizations. Our technique decreases the computational complexity of searching in a web operating system environment. We perform a simulation study using the Gridsim simulator, and our experiments show that our model provides enhanced utilization of resources, better search expressiveness, scalability, and precision.

This paper deconstructs the inherent modular nature of the Latin alphabet, more specifically its structure and anatomy. Letterforms are often rendered into grids and occasionally through the usage of geometric shapes and/or other reusable... more

This paper deconstructs the inherent modular nature of the Latin alphabet, more specifically its structure and anatomy. Letterforms are often rendered into grids and occasionally through the usage of geometric shapes and/or other reusable shapes, a practice which has been useful for either letterform design teaching purposes or actual longform text setting by calligraphic methods. We propose a theoretical approach, with a non-interventionist methodology of qualitative research, through literary review in which we evaluate the state of the art. Authors across the academic and historic spectrum are reviewed: ranging from the humanistic Dürer – with his Underweysung der Messung treatise – to the mathematically-inclined Hofstadter – with his Letter Spirit project –, but also including specialists such as Johnston, Gill, Tschichold, Albers, Schrofer, Crouwel, Noordzij, Briem, Frutiger and Knuth – with their extensive theoretical treatises supported by constant professional practice. Our ...

Although they usually signed under one common name, the three members of the Candilis-Josic-Woods team also developed works on an individual basis. This occurred in the Citè artisanale in Sèvres designed by Alexis Josic between 1961 and... more

Although they usually signed under one common name, the three members of the Candilis-Josic-Woods team also developed works on an individual basis. This occurred in the Citè artisanale in Sèvres designed by Alexis Josic between 1961 and 1965. Conceived just one year prior to the Free University of Berlin, in parallel to the competition for the reconstruction of Frankfurt and while Woods published his theory of the ‘web’ concept in Le Carré Bleu, this proposal was an important breakthrough in the use of geometric iterative patterns as a design method applied by the team and allowed for the determination of some themes which were characteristic of later works; all this, from a manifest formal simplicity. The definition of an open and evolving system, the search for a renewed spatial identity as an alternative to the canons of international style or the reinterpretation of the architectural framework from the point of view of creative negotiation with the user, lay the foundation for Josic’s ‘grid idea’, which also implies the synthesis of many of the ambitions of Team X. The aim of this article is therefore to contribute to a better understanding of the aesthetic, cultural and social meanings that modular growth mechanisms acquired in this specific context of the revision of the modern movement. // Aunque solían firmar los proyectos bajo un nombre común, los tres miembros del equipo Candilis-Josic-Woods también desarrollaron trabajos de forma independiente. Así sucede en la Ciudad Artesanal de Sèvres realizada por Alexis Josic entre 1961 y 1965. Concebida tan solo un año antes que la Universidad Libre de Berlín, en paralelo al concurso para la reconstrucción de Frankfurt y mientras Woods publicaba en Le Carré Bleu su teoría sobre el concepto de ‘web’, esta propuesta supuso un avance decisivo en el uso de patrones geométricos de repetición como método de proyecto por parte del equipo, y permitió fijar algunos temas característicos de trabajos posteriores, todo ello, desde una manifiesta sencillez formal. La definición de un sistema de proyecto abierto y evolutivo, la búsqueda de una renovada identidad espacial alternativa a los cánones del estilo internacional o la reinterpretación del esqueleto arquitectónico desde sus posibilidades de negociación creativa con el usuario fundamentan una ‘idea de trama’, que también supone la síntesis de muchas de las aspiraciones del Team X. El objetivo de este artículo no es otro que contribuir a una mejor comprensión de las connotaciones estéticas, culturales y sociales que los mecanismos de crecimiento modular adquirieron en ese particular contexto de la revisión moderna.

Energia é um dos principais insumos da sociedade moderna, uma vez que sua disponibilidade, preço e quali-dade são determinantes fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico e social das nações. Nesse sentido, as economias mais... more

Energia é um dos principais insumos da sociedade moderna, uma vez que sua disponibilidade, preço e quali-dade são determinantes fundamentais para o desenvolvimento econômico e social das nações. Nesse sentido, as economias mais competitivas do mundo estão realizando reformas em suas respectivas políticas energéticas com o objetivo de torná-las competitivas em custo, atrativas no investimento, renováveis e menos depen-dentes de combustíveis fósseis. Com base nesse cenário emerge a importâncias das redes de distribuição de eletricidade inteligentes, também conhecidas como smart grids. Existem usa série de definições para redes inteligentes, aonde todas convergem para a utilização de instrumentos digitais e de comunicações nas redes que transportam eletricidade. Objetivo do presente artigo é dissertar sobre a rede de distribuição de energia elétrica inteligente e apresentar o atual panorama do mercado de distribuição de eletricidade no Brasil, desafios do setor, conceitualizar as smart grids, vantagens e o seu potencial de aplicação. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, revisão da literatura sob análise de conteúdo. Pode, a partir do método, concluir que materialização das smart grids no Brasil serão necessários investimentos de até 91 bilhões de reais até 2030, em pesquisa e desenvolvimento em novas tecnologias, com ganhos esperado em auto-recuperação, resistência a ataques e estabilidade no fornecimento de energia elétrica.

In 2016 the Canadian landscape architect, Pierre Bélanger, unveiled " Extraction, " a site-specific intervention at the Venice Architecture Biennale. Bé-langer's installation drew attention to the grid as it was used by the British Empire... more

In 2016 the Canadian landscape architect, Pierre Bélanger, unveiled " Extraction, " a site-specific intervention at the Venice Architecture Biennale. Bé-langer's installation drew attention to the grid as it was used by the British Empire to assert sovereignty over the full expanse of British North Amer-ica (Canada) by implementing the Dominion Land Survey (1871-1930). For Bélanger's " Extraction, " this sovereign act, specifically the act of placing a surveyor's monument to demarcate dominion, became a means to highlight 800 years of geological and human exploitation by the Crown. When used as a means of spatial organization, the grid supported the imposition of political and economic agendas by Colonial Europeans on the indigenous landscape and its inhabitants. Theories of architectural and spatial design methodology (per Man-fredo Tafuri and Rosalind Krauss) contextualize the instrumentality of grids in our review of recent urban , architectural, and geo-spatial works by Pierre Bélanger, Alessandro Rosanelli, Jennifer Bauer and Kelly Rose. The paper concludes with an appraisal of the advance of geo-spatial grid mapping and its countervalent potential for design professionals. Among all the arts – those children of pleasure and necessity in which man has participated to help him bear the trials of life and pass on his memory to future generations – one cannot deny that architecture must hold a most eminent place. Even considered only from the point of usefulness, it surpasses all the other arts. It ensures to the salubrity of cities, guards the health of men, protects their properties, and works only for the safety, repose and orderliness of civic life.

This essay discusses Todd Forsgren's "Ornithological Photos." I analyze the relation of the series to early photography, conceptual art, and a broader history of geometric abstraction. I conclude considering ways that both birds as well... more

This essay discusses Todd Forsgren's "Ornithological Photos." I analyze the relation of the series to early photography, conceptual art, and a broader history of geometric abstraction. I conclude considering ways that both birds as well as the discipline of ornithology are the subjects of Forsgren's photographic investigations.

This paper deconstructs the inherent modular nature of the Latin alphabet, more specifically its structure and anatomy. Letterforms are often rendered into grids and occasionally through the usage of geometric shapes and/or other reusable... more

This paper deconstructs the inherent modular nature of the Latin alphabet, more specifically its structure and anatomy. Letterforms are often rendered into grids and occasionally through the usage of geometric shapes and/or other reusable shapes, a practice which has been useful for either letterform design teaching purposes or actual longform text setting by calligraphic methods. We propose a theoretical approach, with a non-interventionist methodology of qualitative research, through literary review in which we evaluate the state of the art. Authors across the academic and historic spectrum are reviewed: ranging from the humanistic Dürer – with his Underweysung der Messung treatise – to the mathematically-inclined Hofstadter – with his Letter Spirit project –, but also including specialists such as Johnston, Gill, Tschichold, Albers, Schrofer, Crouwel, Noordzij, Briem, Frutiger and Knuth – with their extensive theoretical treatises supported by constant professional practice. Our main objective is that an integrated understanding of the multiple systems of typographic modularity will become a valuable theoretical framework for teaching graduate and post-graduate graphic design, graphic communication and type design courses. Modular and geometric type design practice, applied in practical teaching/learning exercises, can structure the students’ view and understanding of the alphabet as a visual code of communication, allowing for an improved process and, therefore, improved results. We conclude that teaching a modular theoretical view, in conjunction with practical exercises, structures students’ understanding of typography beyond traditional modular typography, as well as the composing elements of both calligraphy and conventional type design. This method makes the process of learning and understanding typographic anatomy easier, a factor which allows for improved courses in type design.

The management of computing grids is required in order to allow the proper operation of the grid services offered to users. However, the management of the underlying network infrastructure, which supports the grid communications , is... more

The management of computing grids is required in order to allow the proper operation of the grid services offered to users. However, the management of the underlying network infrastructure, which supports the grid communications , is proceeded through different management systems than those used for the grid management. In this scenario, an integrated management of grids and networks could turn the maintenance processes easier. This paper proposes an hierarchical policy-based architecture whose goal is to allow such desired integration. In the architecture proposed grid policies are translated to network policies following mapping rules defined by network administrators. The paper also describes a prototype implemented based on the architecture.

Grid space partitioning is a technique to speed up queries to graphics databases. We present a parallel grid construction algorithm which can efficiently construct a structured grid on GPU hardware. Our approach is... more

Grid space partitioning is a technique to speed up queries to graphics databases. We present a parallel grid construction algorithm which can efficiently construct a structured grid on GPU hardware. Our approach is substantially faster than existing uniform grid construction algorithms, especially on non-homogeneous scenes. Indeed, it can populate a grid in real-time (at rates over 25 Hz), for architectural scenes with 10 million triangles.

ABSTRACT A web operating system is an operating system that users can access from any hardware at any location. A peer-to-peer (P2P) grid uses P2P communication for resource management and communication between nodes in a grid and manages... more

ABSTRACT A web operating system is an operating system that users can access from any hardware at any location. A peer-to-peer (P2P) grid uses P2P communication for resource management and communication between nodes in a grid and manages resources locally in each cluster, and this provides a proper architecture for a web operating system. Use of semantic technology in web operating systems is an emerging field that improves the management and discovery of resources and services. In this paper, we propose PGSW-OS (P2P grid semantic Web OS), a model based on a P2P grid architecture and semantic technology to improve resource management in a web operating system through resource discovery with the aid of semantic features. Our approach integrates distributed hash tables (DHTs) and semantic overlay networks to enable semantic-based resource management by advertising resources in the DHT based upon their annotations to enable semantic-based resource matchmaking. Our model includes ontologies and virtual organizations. Our technique decreases the computational complexity of searching in a web operating system environment. We perform a simulation study using the Gridsim simulator, and our experiments show that our model provides enhanced utilization of resources, better search expressiveness, scalability, and precision.

Computing grids require the underlying network infrastructure to be properly configured in order to have appropriate communications among the grids' nodes. The management of networks and the management of grids are currently executed by... more

Computing grids require the underlying network infrastructure to be properly configured in order to have appropriate communications among the grids' nodes. The management of networks and the management of grids are currently executed by different tools operated by different administrative personnel. Eventually, the grid communication requirements will need corresponding support from the network management tools, but such requirements are fulfilled only when grid administrators manually asks network administrators for corresponding configurations. In this paper we propose a policy translation mechanism that creates network policies given grid requirements expressed in grid policies. We also present a, system prototype that allows (a) grid administrators to define grid policies, and (b) network administrators to define translating rules. These rules are used by the proposed translation mechanism to generate the necessary underlying network configuration policies.