Instrumentation and Control Research Papers (original) (raw)

Though established by the promulgation of the Customs and Excise Management Act of 1958, The Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) traces its origin to 1891 when the British colonial administration appointed the first Director-General of Customs, Mr. T.A. Wall. Having operated as a major Government revenue collection agency for decades, the customs formation formally embraced automation in 2006 when the Federal government through the Federal Ministry of Finance entered into a 7-year build-own-operate-transfer contract with four private companies to provide computerized risk management system (CRMS) and X-ray cargo scanning services to modernize Customs operations, boost revenue generation, and protect the economy and lives of Nigerians. This paper reviews the state of the journey to automation and the current state of affairs in this very important revenue collection and enforcement agency. We also discussed the problems, challenges, prospects of computerized automation.

This paper describes the design sequence, 3D printing of instrument parts and electronic control system design for a pellet mixer. The work includes design of printable files, geometric design, and embedded system design for mobile control of the instrument. The assembled portable instrument functionality can be controlled through a smart phone from any location.

An Emergency Response (ER) Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to avoid landslides and survey areas located on or near slopes is introduced that handles two problems: electronic waste disposal, and environmental disasters. Uncomplicated detection circuits using salvaged components can pinpoint floods in impoverished regions. CPSs simplify hazard prediction and mitigation in disaster supervision. Nonetheless, few green practices and efforts have been accomplished in this regard. Recent technical advances help landslides studies and the evaluation of suitable risk alleviation measures. This work addresses in situ meters, and cameras to observe ground movements more accurately. The ER-CPS identifies and can help mitigate landslides using techniques based on motion detection that can productively predict and monitor the zone conditions to classify it, and the landslide-related data can be transmitted to inspecting stations to lessen the erosion/sedimentation likelihood while increasing security.

This article describes the process that leads to the design of a control system for a device named: Weft Yarn Feeder (WYF), used in the weaving of plastic fabric. This problem emerged by interest of repetitive damage in original control electronic cards of WYF and its short duration. Therefore, this research conducts a technological innovation that returns the functionality to this device WYF at reasonable prices with current technology. The alternative is a hybrid system closed loop control, and it consists of a PID control and Discrete Logic, both implementing at a variable frequency drive (VFD) with PID Control and in the PLC internal function. With physical modeling a transfer function representing the dynamics of WYF is obtained. With the compensator (PID control), in conjunction with the logic control designed, it is obtained the continuous and uniform supply of yarn to the loom by the WYF.

- by Aldemar Fonseca and +1
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- Industrial Automation, Instrumentation and Control, Electronics Engineering

This paper presents an analysis with regard to

- by Suprit Pradhan
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- Instrumentation and Control

This research presents a pulse-by-pulse analysis of Oscillometric blood pressure waveform at systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure points.
Using a mathematical optimization technique, pulses are characterized into component harmonic by minimizing the least square error. The results at the important pressure points are analyzed and compared for different subject using different waveform extraction techniques.
Blood pressure is estimated using the harmonic parameters. The approach studies changes in the parameters as oscillometric blood pressure recording is done. 8 harmonic parameters are obtained from the pulse characterization and are used to estimate Systolic arterial Blood Pressure, Mean arterial Blood Pressure, and Diastolic arterial Blood Pressure. The estimates are compared with our reference value to determine which has the best agreement. The proposed method is further compared with Maximum Amplitude Algorithm and Pulse Morphology Algorithm.
The effect of oscillometric waveform extraction methods on the proposed method is observed. The experiment established the fact that the extraction technique can alter the shape of oscillometric pulses. The methods were compared and it was observed that the used extraction methods did not make any significant difference on the accuracy, using this technique.

التحكم في الروبوت المستكشف

- by Dr. Osama M Elmardi
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- Instrumentation and Control

Pure sine wave inverters are demand of modern era whenever it comes to utilization of DC power sources for both law and high power applications. These inverter not only increase the efficiency of the power system but also prevent the electrical components from damaging. These paper à producing cost – effective and efficient pure sine wave inverter in recent times and this paper proposes a design that is highly useful for law power based application.

Dasar-dasar PLC dan penggunaan di Siemens S5

- by Fernando Sihombing
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- Instrumentation and Control, PLC, PLC and SCADA based papers

— Even though PID controller is one of the most commonly used controllers they pose issues such as it is not easy to tune PID controller's parameters and they usually have a slow response time when handling large systems like boilers. So in this study a Model Driven PID controller is designed particularly focusing on addressing the slower response time issue. The control characteristics of the Model Driven PID controller are compared against the conventional PI controller.

A graduation project is submitted to electrical & electronic engineering department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor in electrical & electronic engineering

- by Dr. Osama M Elmardi
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- Instrumentation and Control

PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) merupakan perusahaan BUMN penyedia energi yang memiliki peran vital bagi kelangsungan hidup negara, maka dari itu proses berlangsungnya perusahaan menjadi sangat penting untuk diperhatikan agar stabilitasnya terus terjaga. Laporan ini merupakan hasil penelitian penulis pada saat melakukan kerja praktik di PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) Refinery Unit VI Balongan, Indramayu. Dalam rangka menjaga kestabilan proses pada kilang minyak ini, perhatian kepada alat pengendali termasuk alat instrumennya menjadi penting agar kehandalan proses yang dilakukan pada kilang tetap terjaga. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian tentang sistem kendali dan instrumentasi ketinggian air pada unit 56 Cooling Water. Pada laporan ini akan dibahas mengenai alat instrumen ketinggian air yang digunakan pada bak air menara pendingin unit 56. Selain itu, akan dibahas pula skema sistem instrumentasi dan sistem pengendalian ketinggian air yang digunakan pada unit tersebut. Terakhir, penulis melakukan analisis terhadap respon pengendali ketinggian air yang ternyata memiliki respon belum cukup baik karena muncul osilasi yang cukup besar.

Scrubber PV-3700 adalah separator dua fasa yang memisahkan fraksi liquid yang terkandung dalam gas alam. Pengendali pada PV-3700 memiliki dua manipulated variable (MV) laju aliran output gas QGout dan liquid QLout dengan dua variabel proses (PV) tekanan gas dan level kondensat. Deviasi laju aliran input Qin dan temperatur dianggap sebagai disturbance bagi sistem. Perubahan temperatur berbanding lurus dengan jumlah fraksi mol gas dan berbanding terbalik dengan fraksi mol liquid. Hasil respon dinamik didapat pengaruh disturbance laju aliran masukan dan temperatur terhadap perubahan tekanan lebih besar dibandingkan terhadap perubahan level yang diakibatkan oleh fraksi gas yang lebih dominan dibandingkan liquid. Uji performansi pengendalian tekanan dengan disturbance laju aliran input 6.5 mmscfd diperoleh nilai maximum undershoot sebesar 1.4995 % dan pada uji pengendalian level dengan disturbance 6.5 mmscfd diperoleh maximum undershoot sebesar 0.0183 %.

The International Journal of Control, Automation, Communication and Systems (IJCACS) is an open access control journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Control Engineering, Automation, Communication and Systems with focus on technical and practical aspects of Control Engineering and its Applications. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced control engineering, communication systems and automation concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in the Control Engineering, Automation, Communication and Systems.

- by Dr. Osama M Elmardi
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- Instrumentation and Control

ABSTRACT
Renewable energy sources are those that managed properly, can be exploited without limit, that is, the amount available not decreases as exploits. To have a policy of sustainable development is essential for the majority of resources, particularly energy, are the renewable type. The aim of all renewable sources, and photovoltaics is no exception, it is to generate electricity at low costs that allow competing with the production of electrical energy obtained from fossil fuels. Manufacture solar cells with high conversion efficiency is one of the fundamental purposes in order to reduce the price per kWh of electricity. A photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor with two doped layers (p-type and n-type). When light shines on the cell, electrons are released and results in an electric current. Of monocrystalline silicon wafers obtained in the laboratory, higher yielding portion (the core material) 25% to 30% is used in electronics applications and in space applications. The perimeter or kernel environment, which has a performance about 15% - 18%, is used to produce monocrystalline photovoltaic cells.
Keywords: Renewable, Photovoltaic Energy, Cells, Solar.
RESUMEN

- by Cifuentes Castillo and +1
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- Instrumentation and Control, Solar Energy, Energia Solar, Instrumentacion Industrial

This study provides designs for a low-cost, easily replicable open-source lab-grade digital scale that can be used as a precision balance. The design is such that it can be manufactured for use in most labs throughout the world with open-source RepRap-class material extrusion-based 3-D printers for the mechanical components and readily available open-source electronics including the Arduino Nano. Several versions of the design were fabricated and tested for precision and accuracy for a range of load cells. The results showed the open-source scale was found to be repeatable within 0.05 g with multiple load cells, with even better precision (0.005 g) depending on load cell range and style. The scale tracks linearly with proprietary lab-grade scales, meeting the performance specified in the load cell data sheets, indicating that it is accurate across the range of the load cell installed. The smallest load cell tested (100 g) offers precision on the order of a commercial digital mass balance. The scale can be produced at significant cost savings compared to scales of comparable range and precision when serial capability is present. The cost savings increase significantly as the range of the scale increases and are particularly well-suited for resource-constrained medical and scientific facilities.

- by Joshua Pearce and +1
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- Instrumentation Engineering, Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Instrumentation and Measurement Science
- by Prayogo Kukuh
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- Process Control, Oil and gas, Instrumentation and Control

Abstrak—Scrubber PV-3700 adalah separator dua fasa yang memisahkan fraksi liquid yang terkandung dalam gas alam. Sistem pengendalian pada separator ini memiliki dua manipulated variable (MV) laju aliran output gas QGout dan liquid QLout dengan dua variabel proses (PV) tekanan gas dan level kondensat. Deviasi laju aliran input Qin dan temperatur dianggap sebagai disturbance. Perubahan temperatur akan berbanding lurus dengan laju aliran fraksi gas dan berbanding terbalik dengan laju aliran fraksi liquid. Sedangkan hasil respon terhadap disturbance deviasi laju aliran masukan Qin menyebabkan penyimpangan dari set-point tekanan lebih signifikan dibandingkan level. Pengaruh disturbance terhadap level sangat kecil diakibatkan perbandingan komposisi fraksi gas yang dominan terhadap liquid pada aliran gas-liquid yang masuk. Dengan pengendali feedback, deviasi ini mampu dikembalikan responnya ke set-point sehingga sistem dapat kembali ke keadaan stabil.

- by Prayogo Kukuh
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- Oil and gas, Instrumentation and Control
- by Maruli Sihotang
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- Instrumentation Engineering, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Control, P&ID

Tactile sensing is acquiring information via physical
contact. Various parameters like pressure, position, temperature,
shape, etc. can be measured by this. Despite being one of the
most crucial senses by which a being perceives its environment,
little research has been done in the field with the scope of
application in industries. This paper aims at briefly discussing
the various techniques used for tactile sensing followed by their
comparison. Next, different commercial tactile sensors along
with appropriate performance criteria are discussed and
compared. Finally, currently existing commercial sensors are
talked about in detail, including their leading manufacturers,
products, and description.

— Now-a-days Health care Environment has become technology oriented. Humans are facing a problem of unexpected death due to the reason of heart attack which is because of lack of medical care to patient at right time. So we are developing project to avoid such sudden death rates by using Body Health Monitoring. In this system a patient will be carrying hardware having sensors and android phone application, the sensors will sense the body temperature and heart rate of patient and these data is transferred to android smart phone via Bluetooth/Wi-Fi. System has the cloud database which stores all information about patient's health and the Doctors will prescribe medicine using this information stored on cloud. Device even it allows patient to move freely and can be monitored continuously. The android phone will be containing an application which will detect the heart attack according to the received data respectively and if any abnormalities are found regarding heart attack message will be send to patient's doctor, relatives and hospitals. The SMS contains patients situation and location (via GPS) to provide urgent medical attention.

- by Ranjeet Mandal and +1
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- Electrical Engineering, Control Systems Engineering, Control Systems, Instrumentation and Control

In the process control industries, one of the main works is to identify and channelize the fault sensor. The process of sensor troubleshooting is essential to increase the production flow without any interruption. In this project the level measurement in the conical tank is considered and the capacitive sensor is used to measure the level of the water inside the conical tank. First the standard sensor is placed inside and the level is measured and monitored and the history of data's are obtained. Using LABVIEW, programming is done for the standard sensor to measure the level. Now the measuring sensor is placed and the measurement of the level is done. Using any of the soft computing techniques, the fault can be identified and it is indicated in the display or alarm.

- by J4R - Journal for Research and +2
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- Instrumentation Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, Neural Network

This work presents a microcontroller based system which makes use of soil moisture sensors and plant growth models to develop irrigation schedules for maize crop grown in loamy soil. The methodology adopted for this work involves field survey, electronic circuit design, implementation and testing. The field studies provided details on the crops root depth pattern and water requirement throughout its growth period. With a dual power source of solar and a.c power supply, moisture sensor, microcontroller, LDR, LCD and sprinkler units; the microcontroller would permit the sprinkler to start and stop at given times during each growth period when the soil moisture falls below a predetermined level as sensed by the soil moisture sensors. Also included in this design is a DTMF decoder unit that permits interaction with the farmer on the current state and step to be initiated by the device via a remote phone. Test results indicate effective irrigation throughout the maize cropâ€™s life cycle, bringing about improved crop yield/quality, water and energy conservation.

"ADBU Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AJEEE)", ISSN: 2582-0257 is globally inviting high-quality research papers, review papers, whitepapers, conference papers, etc. on theoretical developments and practical applications in the domain of Electrical and Electronics and all its allied sciences.
-NO PUBLICATION & PROCESSING FEE.
Journal Website: http://journals.dbuniversity.ac.in/ojs/index.php/AJEEE
Authors are solicited to contribute to the journalb by submitting articles that illustrate original research works, short communications and review articles in the thrust areas of the journal, as mentioned in its About page.
Submit: http://journals.dbuniversity.ac.in/ojs/index.php/AJEEE/pages/view/submission

ABSTRAK PT. Kewalram Indonesia adalah perusahaan tekstil yang memproduksi berbagai jenis benang. PT Kewalram selalu berusaha agar produknya dapat meningkatkan kualitasnya, Salah satu jenis benang yang diproduksi oleh PT. Kewalram Indonesia adalah benang Polyester, salah satu aspek untuk mengukur kualitas benang adalah pengujian lilitan benang dengan satuan twist per inch(TPI), akan tetapi untuk pengujian TPI dilapangan pada saat mencapai 1 inch pemberhentian alat-nya dan pencatatan nilai TPI-nya masih dilakukan oleh operator(manual) sehingga membuka peluang besar terjadinya kekeliruan dalam proses pengujian, pengolahan data dan pembuatan laporan. Jika untuk menjamin kualitas benang untuk pengujian lilitan benang dapat digantikan dengan menggunakan sistem yang lebih modern (otomatisasi sistem), hal ini akan sangat menguntungkan bagi pemilik perusahaan karena pengujian menjadi lebih tepat sehingga dapat lebih menjamin kualitas benang tersebut. Solusi ini memerlukan adanya komunikasi serial antara alat dengan sebuah aplikasi. Dari hal ini dibuat sebuah sistem terintegrasi pengujian lilitan benang berbasis arduino uno dengan menggunakan Arduino Uno R3, keypad, push button, stepper, lcd dan keypad yang berguna dalam sistem pengujian.

- by Dadan Nurdin Bagenda and +1
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- Instrumentation and Control, Real Time Embedded Systems

In line with the advancement in the industry and protection assurance of health, safety and environment for the workers. Thus necessary to held the study about hazard and risk management. One of the company concerns with the health safety and environment issues is PT.Petrokimia Gresik, which was one of the biggest fertilizer producer in Indonesia. During production process in PT. Petrokimia Gresik, boiler become one of highly risk equipment. Hazard analysis in this research using HAZOP method. Node study that have been identified is economizer, steam drum, superheater, and burner, which was the main component composing boiler. According to analysis result, some components having highest hazard risk are pressure indicator inlet steam drum, temperature indicator (TI-6211) and temperature indicator outlet superheater (TI-6214), which had extreme risk with the value of using AS/NZS 4360:2004 standard. Each node in the boiler having SIL 1 criteria, with the value of risk reduction factor 50 for economizer, 39,1 for steam drum and 30 for superheater and burner, means that there having low level of system reliability. Treatment can be applied to decrease hazard risk and increase system reliability are arranging maintenance and calibration routinely, adding transmitter redundant, and arranging proof test interval in the sensor, transmitter, and final control element once a month. Highest hazard risk in the whole node of boiler is fire. Thus have been done emergency response plan analysis for fire condition to identifying the responsibilities of each division, preventing, and also handling step.

Net-screen covered greenhouses operating on natural ventilation are used as a sustainable approach for closed-field cultivation of fruits and vegetables and to eliminate insect passage and subsequent production damage. The objective of this work was to develop a real-time assessment framework for evaluating air-temperature inside an insect-proof net-screen greenhouse in tropical lowlands of Malaysia prior to cultivation of tomato. Mathematical description of a growth response model was implemented and used in a computer application. A custom-designed data acquisition system was built for collecting 6 months of air-temperature data, during July to December 2014. For each measured air-temperature (T), an optimality degree, denoted by Opt(T), was calculated with respect to different light conditions (sun, cloud, night) and different growth stages. Interactive three-dimensional plots were generated to demonstrate variations in Opt(T) values due to different hours and days in a growth season. Results showed that, air temperature was never less than 25% optimal for early growth, and 51% for vegetative to mature fruiting growth stages. The average Opt(T) in the entire 6 months was between 65 and 75%. The presented framework allows tomato growers to automatically collect and process raw air temperature data and to simulate growth responses at different growth stages and light conditions. The software database can be used to track and record Opt(T) values from any greenhouses with different structure design, covering materials, cooling system and growing seasons, and to contribute to knowledge-based decision support systems and energy balance models.

KOMBINASI GERAKAN OBYEK DI RUANG IRADIASI PADA DESAIN FASILITAS IRADIATOR GAMMA IZOTOPTM UNTUK PRFN. Sistematika untuk menentukan kombinasi gerakan obyek di ruang iradiasi pada desain iradiator gamma IzotopTM untuk PRFN dibuat. Sistematika ini dapat digunakan sebagai arahan untuk menentukan kombinasi gerakan obyek di ruang iradiasi sehingga mendapatkan kombinasi gerakan yang optimal. Keterkaitan pola gerak di luar dan di dalam ruang iradiasi dianalisis sehingga diperoleh kombinasi segmen-gerak di luar dan di dalam ruang iradiasi sebagai segmen-gerak penentu. Segmen-gerak penentu tersebut digunakan sebagai acuan untuk menentukan jumlah minimum dan maksimum lokasi kosong di kerangka-gerak, karena gerakan di kerangka-gerak tidak mungkin terjadi tanpa adanya lokasi kosong. Kombinasi-gerakan menggunakan Gantt-chart dan diagram-waktu dibuat untuk kondisi minimum dan maksimum lokasi kosong tersebut sebagai contoh. Dengan teknik ini dapat ditentukan kombinasi gerak lainnya untuk jumlah lokasi kosong diantara nilai minimum dan maksimum tersebut. Langkah selanjutnya adalah kombinasi-gerak tersebut akan menjadi masukan program simulator untuk diketahui nilai DUR dari tiap kombinasi, sehingga kombinasi-gerak yang optimal dapat ditentukan.

- by Achmad Suntoro
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- Instrumentation and Control