Lamarck Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Investigamos aspectos para a inserção da história das ciências na es-cola básica durante o desenvolvimento de uma proposta didática que visa o aprendizado de conceitos relacionados à evolução biológica, segundo a concep-ção de Lamarck. Tal abordagem busca ir além dos conteúdos científicos, envol-vendo também discussões explícitas sobre aspectos epistêmicos, não epistêmi-cos e históricos da ciência, promovendo uma concepção da Biologia como parte de um contexto sociocultural. A metodologia envolveu estudos em historiogra-fia da história das ciências, análise de fontes históricas originais e de referenciais teóricos do ensino de ciências. Considerando a complexidade dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, foram elaboradas sugestões para um plano de aulas, adotando o pluralismo metodológico de estratégias de ensino em sala de aula e buscando desenvolver habilidades e competências, atitudes e valores definidos. Espera-se que os conhecimentos produzidos-a descrição do processo envol-vido durante a investigação, assim como seu produto didático-possam ser uti-lizados e transpostos a outros episódios históricos, conteúdos das ciências e contextos educacionais.

"This article explores the evolution of water as charted by earlier scientific and more recent multidisciplinary inquiry. Its value lies in its scientific parallel to mythic water, creation and the maternal, through disavowed Greek mythic water deity Metis and how her absence from dominant discourse may have
inadvertently influenced current evolutionary theory. This paper demonstrates crossovers and tensions between the disciplines of hard science through the work of Charles Darwin, particularly The Descent of Man (1859), and feminist humanities through the work of Elaine Morgan. It also elucidates psychoanalyst
Sándor Ferenczi’s concept of utraquism at the biological and evolutionary level, as a methodological tool. Darwin does not refute that life began in the sea, but what is missing in his account is what happened after the amoeba migrated to land, and how human beings evolved from this simple life form.
Or did they? Further, I consider the work of tears and their inter-relationship
to biology, affect and emotion."

- by Shé Hawke
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- Cultural Studies, Feminist Sociology, Psychology, Psychoanalysis

In questo mio breve elaborato scritto, ho cercato di presentare alcuni passaggi interessanti dell’opera di Gregory Bateson (Grantchester, 9 maggio 1904 – San Francisco, 4 luglio 1980),intitolata "Verso un’ecologia della mente", pubblicata nel 1972.In particolare, ho rivolto l’attenzione ai due saggi contenuti nella quarta parte dell’opera, che tratta i temi della biologia e dell’evoluzione: "Il ruolo del cambiamento somatico nell’evoluzione"
e "Problemi relativi alla comunicazione dei cetacei e di altri mammiferi".

- by Nicola Conati
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- Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy, Aesthetics, Human Rights
- by Oren Harman
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- History, European History, Cognitive Science, European Studies
- by besse muliana
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- Lamarck, spesiasi, seleksi alam
- by Guillermo Domínguez-Huerta
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- Evolutionary Biology, History of Biology, Naturphilosophie, Lamarck

Whether Jung was a Lamarckian or not has always been a hotly debated topic, both within the post-Jungian community and amongst scholars with an interest in Jung in the wider academic community. Yet surprisingly few substantial pieces of work have been dedicated to it and, to my mind, no one has yet managed to do justice to all the subtleties involved. The scholars who have claimed that Jung is a Lamarckian have, for the most part, oversimplified the debate by failing to discuss the passages in which Jung appears to be defending himself against Lamarckism; the scholars who have defended Jung against Lamarckism, however, have as a rule not adequately dealt with the question of whether these passages actually get Jung off the hook. This paper will attempt to correct this imbalance by putting forward four key passages spanning Jung's career that all represent conclusive evidence that Jung was indeed a Lamarckian. After discussing these, it will then deal in detail with the passages in which Jung appears to be defending himself against Lamarckism, making the case that they do not represent a defence against Lamarckism at all and have therefore generally been misinterpreted by many scholars.

- by Ritske Rensma
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- Evolutionary Psychology, Jungian psychology, Jungian psychology (Religion), Jung

Is there something like a ‘lesson’ that emerges from this study of anxiety in the history of philosophy (and psychology)? If so, then it is situated at two levels: an intra-philosophic level and a psychological one. The philosophical level shows how difficult, yet important it is to integrate affects into inquiries into the preeminence of reason. It pays attention to philosophies that discern, in anxiety, a sign of a pre-cognitive, pre-reflective ‘knowledge’, whether of our possibilities (i.e., freedom) or of Heidegger’s Leibnizian question, “Why is there being and not simply nothing?” The reason why psychoanalysis is philosophically indispensable to a history of anxiety lies in what psychoanalysis teaches us about an embodied subject. It teaches us that this compound sensation-emotion may well be the first that we experience, bodily, before there is so much as a ‘we’ or an ego evolved to represent the experience to ourselves (Freud and Levinas). Thus at the psychological level, anxiety would be the fundamental affect, accompanying sensations of pleasure and displeasure. Moreover, although it leaves us weakened when facing situations of danger, anxiety also holds the key to our responses to that danger. This is what Jan Philippe Reemtsma argues for his minima moralia, combining angst and irony as we confront the sad wages of modernity. Of course, the danger anxiety poses lies in its potential intensity and in our tendency to flail about in search of appeasement. That is why we must abide with it; take some distance through irony or thought. Finally, because it is both personal and social—to the point where Auden could speak of an “age of anxiety”—anxiety’s pathological variants raise the question of where abnormal affects part ways from normal ones. Beyond social suffering and pathology, however, anxiety belongs to our pre-reflective awareness—our affective “understanding” lacking determinate objects—of our connection to other people—and their significance in our lives.

- by Rad Borislavov
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- History of Science, Evolution, Literary History, Darwin

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was deeply influenced by Plato and conceived each species as an Idea, whose shape is
essentially and permanently predetermined. He rejected Lamarck’s proposal of organ’s use/disuse as a source of evolution,
but he was close to the orthogenetic movement that developed after his death. The philosopher did not conceive biological
individual variability as a source for evolution, mathematical population analysis, and gradual evolution; he even imagined an
ultra-rapid saltatory model in “higher forms.” Moreover, he conceived a metaphysically based coupling among all phenomena
which resembles the contemporary model of natural drift of evolution. Hence, Schopenhauer did not strictly anticipate
Darwin’s model of natural selection. However, he expressed in his own words competition and struggle for life. The
philosopher thus anticipated more the orthogenesis and natural drift and less the Darwinian’s mechanisms of evolution
than what is generally alleged. His work is a valuable philosophical source in the contemporary search for a new synthesis in
evolutionary thought.

- by Elis Aldana
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- Evolutionary Biology, Schopenhauer, Arthur Schopenhauer, Darwin
- by Jean-Francois Braunstein
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- History and Philosophy of Ecology, Ecology, Auguste Comte, Lamarck
- by Elena Gagliasso
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- Epistemology, Ecology, Illuminism, Lamarck

More quoted than read, Lamarck remains known for the much derided example of the giraffe stretching her neck to reach higher leaves. An example that occurs only tree times in his published corpus. The book argues that to read Lamarck in his own time is much more interesting and fascinating than to ask the meaningless question of whether he was or not Darwin's precursor.

- by Pietro Corsi
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- Evolutionary Biology, History of Biology, Lamarck, Sciences and Politics

El trabajo busca describir y explicar el oscurantismo caído sobre la obra de Jean Baptiste Lamarck (Francia, 1744 - 1829), en contraste con el apoyo generado hacia la teoría de Charles Darwin (UK, 1809 - 1882) junto con señalar algunas de las razones que llevaron al triunfo de una sobre otra, más allá de lo estrictamente científico.
Se completa con nuevas investigaciones que están reconociendo la figura de Lamarck y sus propuestas, gracias a la epigenética y se concluye mencionando la importancia de la época y la mutua influencia entre la ciencia y la sociedad, así como el elemento financiero y económico que distorsiona el desarrollo de la ciencia, y de todo.

- by Salvador Achondo
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- Epigenetics, Darwin, Lamarckism, Lamarck

We investigated the insertion of the history of science in secondary school during the development of a didactic proposal that aims at the learning of concepts related to Biological Evolution according to Lamarck’s conception. Such an approach seeks to transcend scientific content, involving explicit discussions on epistemic, non-epistemic, and historical aspects of science to promote a conception of biology as part of a sociocultural context. The methodology involved studies in the historiography of the history of sciences, analysis of original historical sources and science teaching references. Suggestions for a lesson plan considered the complexity of teaching and learning processes, adopting a methodological pluralism of teaching strategies in the classroom and seeking to develop skills, competencies, attitudes, and values. The expectation is that the produced knowledge – the description of the process involved during the investigation, as well as its didactic product – can be u...

Tendo em vista os possíveis benefícios pedagógicos que a utilização da História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) pode proporcionar ao Ensino de Ciências, e atentos à importância de que essa transposição didática seja feita de maneira adequada, apresentaremos por meio deste trabalho um plano de aulas fundamentado nas práticas da história das ciências na educação, buscando contribuir para o aprendizado de conteúdos epistemológicos e científicos na escola básica. Como tema central, destacamos a teoria da progressão dos animais apresentada por Lamarck, e esperamos que este plano de aulas, acompanhado de orientações sobre as atividades, sirva
como exemplo metodológico para auxiliar o professor a introduzir os conhecimentos relacionados à HFC no ensino.

- by Agustí Camós Cabeceran
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- Art, History of Science, Natural History, Spain

In the space of four years, from 1826 to 1829, the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal published three anonymous articles seemingly advocating doctrines inspired by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Decades of scholarship have initially attributed the most outspoken of the three articles, the 1826 "Observations on the Nature and Importance of Geology," to Robert Grant, and subsequently to Robert Jameson, thanks to a critical reassessment by James Secord (1991). More recently, scholars have also ascribed to Jameson an article published in 1829, "Of the Continuity of the Animal Kingdom by Means of Generation from the First Ages of the World to the Present Times." A third short contribution, the 1827 "Of the Changes which Life has Experienced on the Globe" has been credited to the Franco-German Ami Boué. Research undertaken over several years has led to the identification of the three authors hiding behind the veil of anonymity. They were not the ones scholars have agreed upon, nor were they really "Lamarckians." The discussion of the ways in which the three texts reached Edinburgh broadens our understanding of the daily working practices of contemporary periodicals and of the networks of circulation of texts at the Continental level. Finally, when considered within their proper conceptual and social context, the three articles throw light on the many ways in which, during the 1820s, European amateurs, naturalists, and journalists debated the succession of life forms throughout the history of the Earth.

- by Pietro Corsi
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- History of Science, Swiss History, Evolution, French history and politics

ABSTRACT In a recent revision of Gouania Jacq. (Rhamnaceae) for Madagascar and other western Indian Ocean islands, confusion about the correct date of publication of Lamarck's Encyclopédie Méthodique caused the authors to overlook the nomenclatural priority of G. tiliifolia Lam. over the heterotypic synonym G. scandens (Gaertn.) R. B. Drumm. The error is corrected, and the new combination G. tiliifolia subsp. glandulosa (Boivin ex Tul.) Buerki, Phillipson & Callm. is provided for its non-typical subspecies. Lors de la récente révision du genre Gouania Jacq. (Rhamnaceae) à Madagascar et incluant les autres îles de l'Océan Indien occidental, une confusion sur la date exacte de publication de l'Encyclopédie Méthodique de Lamarck a eu pour conséquence une omission dans la priorité nomenclaturale de G. tiliifolia Lam. sur le synonyme hétérotypique G. scandens (Gaertn.) R. B. Drumm. Cette erreur est corrigée et la nouvelle combinaison G. tiliifolia subsp. glandulosa (Boivin ex Tul.) Buerki, Phillipson & Callm. est proposée pour sa sous-espèce non-typique.

- by Peter Phillipson
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- Plant Biology, Lamarck
- by James Strick
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- Evolutionary Biology, RNA, Naturalism, Darwinism

This paper evaluates and criticises the developmental systems conception of evolution and develops instead an extension of the “gene's eye” conception of evolution. We argue (i) Dawkin's attempt to segregate developmental and evolutionary issues about genes is unsatisfactory. On plausible views of development it is arbitrary to single out genes as the units of selection. (ii) The genotype does not carry information about the phenotype in any way that distinguishes the role of the genes in development from that other factors. (iii) There is no simple and general causal criterion which distinguishes the role of genes in development and evolution. (iv) There is, however, an important sense in which genes but not every other developmental factor represent the phenotype. (v) The idea that genes represent features of the phenotype forces us to recognise that genes are not the only, or almost the only, replicators. Many mechanisms of replication are involved in both development and evolution. (vi) A conception of evolutionary history which recognises both genetic and non-genetic replicators, lineages of replicators and interactors has advantages over both the radical rejection of the replicator/interactor distinction and the conservative restriction of replication to genetic replication.

- by Sterelny Kim
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- Genetics, Philosophy of Biology, Evolution, Biological Sciences
- by Audrey Rieber
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- Philosophy, Art History, Art Theory, Friedrich Nietzsche
- by martine prange
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- Empiricism, Globalization, Skepticism, Nature

- by kelly smith
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- Genetics, Philosophy of Biology, Evolution, Biological Sciences

The work of Herbert Spencer was a crucial influence on the development of Peter Kropotkin’s historical sociology. However, scholars have underestimated this relationship; either overlooking it entirely, or minimizing Kropotkin’s attachment to Spencer with the aim of maintaining the utility of his political thought in the present. This article contests these interpretations by analyzing Kropotkin’s reading of Spencer’s epistemological, biological, and political ideas. It argues that Kropotkin was engaged in a critical dialogue with Spencer, incorporating many Spencerian principles in his own system, but also using this reading to articulate a distinctive anarchist politics.

- by Matthew S. Adams
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- History, American History, Modern History, Intellectual History

This essay critically examines one of the dominant tendencies in
recent theoretical discussions of anarchism, postanarchism, and argues that this
tradition fails to engage sufficiently with anarchism’s history. Through an examination
of late 19th-century anarchist political thought—as represented by one
of its foremost exponents, Peter Kropotkin—we demonstrate the extent to which
postanarchism has tended to oversimplify and misrepresent the historical tradition
of anarchism. The article concludes by arguing that all political-theoretical
discussions of anarchism going forward should begin with a fresh appraisal of the
actual content of anarchist political thought, based on a rigorous analysis of its
political, social, and cultural history.

- by Matthew S. Adams
- •
- History, Modern History, Intellectual History, Cultural History

La operación de descrédito que el darwinismo ha realizado con la figura de Lamarck es un ejemplo lamentable a tener en cuenta para la historia de la ciencia. Pero la Historia, siempre paciente, permite que el tiempo haga justicia y traiga las aguas a su cauce.
No en vano bajo la estatua de Lamarck que se encuentra a la entrada del
Jardin des Plantes en Paris se lee esta frase de su hija:
La postérité vous admirera. Elle vous vengera, mon père

- by Emilio Cervantes
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- History of Science, Darwinism - International reception, Darwinism, Darwin