Lightning Connector Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The average atmospheric charge density of Earth is neutral. Charge built up from thunderstorms and lightning phenomena is offset by oceanic surface charging, and offers a source of energy that has not been harnessed broadly.... more

The average atmospheric charge density of Earth is neutral. Charge built up from thunderstorms and lightning phenomena is offset by oceanic surface charging, and offers a source of energy that has not been harnessed broadly. Unfortunately, the total terrestrial energy of the Earth’s atmospheric electrical system is modest (250–500 MW) compared to industrial requirements: Innovations are likely to offer improvements to societal efficiency rather than broad transformations. Direct capture systems located in places with very high occurrence of lightning discharge can generate ≈1 kWh per year on average. Material processing via triggered lightning is limited to techniques that utilize rapid discharges, e.g., metal and glass preprocessing of materials, waste volume reduction, biomass energy conversion, where current prices make plasma‐arc processes prohibitive. Triggered lightning may be used to assist blasting of mountain rock; or as a high‐voltage input for processes such as nuclear fusion. Passive collection of atmospheric electricity is modest but may be used in urban agriculture to increase biomass production. Thunderstorm charge‐separation processes suggest a new class of electricity generators based on kinetic energy and material collision. Ball lightning suggests additional research in dusty plasmas. These methods are all at proof‐of‐concept or early translation stages.

This study is an attempt to simulate the tropospheric conditions associated with lightning and thunderstorms, which occurred during 28-30 March 2017 over northeastern Bangladesh using WRF model. At Sylhet, rainfall amounts of 119 mm and... more

This study is an attempt to simulate the tropospheric conditions associated with lightning and thunderstorms, which occurred during 28-30 March 2017 over northeastern Bangladesh using WRF model. At Sylhet, rainfall amounts of 119 mm and 134 mm are found to occur on 29 March and 31 March 2017 respectively. The continuous very heavy rainfall has been responsible for the devastating flash flood in Sunamganj and adjoining areas in 2017. The study shows that forecasting of lightning and flash flood producing thunderstorms is possible by analyzing different meteorological parameters simulated by WRF Model. The simulated parameters are rainfall, sea level pressure, geopotential height (m), Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), winds at various tropospheric levels, cloud water mixing ratio and ice water mixing ratio, vorticity and x, y, z wind components. A low pressure area and strong circulations are found to develop over West Bengal and adjoining Bangladesh with extended troughs ...

This paper discusses the use of Random Forest (RF), a popular Machine Learning (ML) algorithm, to perform spatially explicit nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning occurrence. An application to the Italian territory and the surrounding... more

This paper discusses the use of Random Forest (RF), a popular Machine Learning (ML) algorithm, to perform spatially explicit nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning occurrence. An application to the Italian territory and the surrounding seas is presented. Specifically, 1-hour ahead lightning occurrences over the months of August, September and October from 2017 to 2019 have been modelled using a dataset including geo-environmental features. Results obtained with three different spatial resolutions have been compared, for nowcasting both positive and negative strokes. The features’ importance resulting from the best RF models showed how datadriven models are able to identify the relationships between meteorological variables, in agreement with previous physically based knowledge of the phenomenon. The encouraging results obtained in terms of forecasting accuracy support the idea to use ML-based algorithms in early warning procedures for disaster risk management.

This paper aimed to model lightning strike events and evaluate its correlation with power outages in a Nigerian power distribution system. A specified coastal distribution network of southwest Nigeria was selected as a case study.... more

This paper aimed to model lightning strike events and evaluate its correlation with power outages in a Nigerian power distribution system. A specified coastal distribution network of southwest Nigeria was selected as a case study. Zone-specific records of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes for 84 months were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet); records of power outage frequencies and durations for 36 months were obtained at the substations of the selected distribution network. Using numerical statistical analysis techniques, lightning activity in the system area were characterized in relative frequency terms, and correlation statistics were evaluated and analyzed for power outages and lightning events on the 11kV, 33kV, and 132kV voltage levels. An analysis of the results shows that the modelled lightning strike events patterns are closely related but the expected frequencies vary from one zone to another; and there is correlation between lightning strike and pow...

C. T. R. Wilson suggested that electrified clouds are the principal generators in the global electric circuit. Wilson's hypothesis requires that a thunderstorm will produce a sustained above-cloud electric field (E) that drives... more

C. T. R. Wilson suggested that electrified clouds are the principal generators in the global electric circuit. Wilson's hypothesis requires that a thunderstorm will produce a sustained above-cloud electric field (E) that drives negative charges downward from the ionosphere to the cloud top. In this presentation we investigate the evolution of E above small mountain thunderclouds using balloon E measurements.

Paper presented at the 80th annual Society for American Archaeology meeting, San Francisco, California, April 16, 2015. We describe the lightning whelk (Busycon sinistrum) and show how its shells were used among coastal peoples along the... more

Paper presented at the 80th annual Society for American Archaeology meeting, San Francisco, California, April 16, 2015. We describe the lightning whelk (Busycon sinistrum) and show how its shells were used among coastal peoples along the Gulf of Mexico and lower Atlantic coast. During the Middle and Late Archaic periods, lightning whelk shells were transported hundreds of km from the coasts to the Midsouth where they were made into a variety of artifacts that were interred in graves. We explore the symbolic significance of sinistral ("left-handed") snails in post-Archaic times, focusing on the lightning whelk as a metaphor of spiral/circle, fire/sun, and purification/continuity among Native Americans of the eastern United States. This particular marine mollusk shell had special spiritual significance—and hence economic and political value—for several millennia, particularly in the southeastern United States, but its ritual importance as cultural icon resonates with cultures around the globe.

Convective storms that produce microburst winds are difficult to predict because the strong surface winds arise in a short time period. Previous research suggests that timing and patterns in cloud height, echo top height, vertical... more

Convective storms that produce microburst winds are difficult to predict because the strong surface winds arise in a short time period. Previous research suggests that timing and patterns in cloud height, echo top height, vertical integrated liquid (VIL), intracloud (IC) lightning, and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning may identify and predict microbursts. Eleven quasi-cellular microburst cases and eight non-microburst severe wind cases were identified from New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey between 2012 and 2016. Total lightning data (IC + CG) were obtained from Vaisala’s National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), and radar parameters were obtained from the Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting (TITAN) software. Values of VIL, echo top height, and cloud height were tracked through time along with total lightning strikes within a 15 km radius of the storm center. These parameters were plotted with respect to their mean and standard deviation for the 45 minu...

Abstract-Overvoltages on electrical power or telecommunications overhead lines due to nearby lightning strokes can cause faults and disturbances in electrical and electronic devices and apparatuses connected to them. It is important to... more

Abstract-Overvoltages on electrical power or telecommunications overhead lines due to nearby lightning strokes can cause faults and disturbances in electrical and electronic devices and apparatuses connected to them. It is important to understand these induced overvoltages, because ...

Lightning frequency over Indonesian Maritime Continent (MC) is quite high (Petersen and Rutledge 2001, Christian et al. 2003, Takayabu 2006, etc). In particular, Bogor (south of Jakarta, west Jawa) had 322 days of lightning in one year... more

Lightning frequency over Indonesian Maritime Continent (MC) is quite high (Petersen and Rutledge 2001, Christian et al. 2003, Takayabu 2006, etc). In particular, Bogor (south of Jakarta, west Jawa) had 322 days of lightning in one year (Guinness Book in 1988). Lightning causes serious damage on nature and society over the MC; forest fore, power outage, inrush/surge currents on many kinds of electronics. Lightning climatology and meso-scale characteristics of thunderstorm over the MC, in particular over Jakarta, where social damage is quite serious, were examined.

This study reported lightning climatology and human vulnerability to lightning in a 20 km × 20 km high-density school area in Colombo city in Sri Lanka from 1998 to 2014 using Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flash data of NASA’s Tropical... more

This study reported lightning climatology and human vulnerability to lightning in a 20 km × 20 km high-density school area in Colombo city in Sri Lanka from 1998 to 2014 using Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) flash data of NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). An average annual flash density recorded over the study area was 9.43 flashes km-2 year-1. A maximum of 49% lightning flashes happened during the first inter-monsoon season. There were only 4% lightning flashes that occurred during 06.00-12.00 LT and during 18.00-24.00 LT, it was 67%, whereas 94% of lightning flashes within a day had occurred after 14.00 LT. It is recommended that, without having proper lightning hazard preventive measures, schools in the study area should avoid or minimalize scheduling their outdoor activities in high lightning risk months of April and November. Especially, after-school outdoor activities should be planned with proper safety measures during the aforementioned months as per the diur...

Several works have shown that lightning jumps are precursors of severe weather in deep-convective thunderstorms. Since 2017, the Meteorological Service of Catalonia has operationally run an algorithm that identifies lightning jumps (LJs)... more

Several works have shown that lightning jumps are precursors of severe weather in deep-convective thunderstorms. Since 2017, the Meteorological Service of Catalonia has operationally run an algorithm that identifies lightning jumps (LJs) in real time. It has resulted in being an effective tool for nowcasting severe weather with a lead time between 15 min and 120 min in advance. This time can be of high value for managing emergencies caused by severe phenomena or heavy rains. The present research focused on the events’ analysis in which more than one lightning jump occurred, searching for those elements that differentiate single warning cases. Thunderstorms producing LJs were divided into two main categories, depending on the number of jumps triggered during the life cycle. Besides, both classes were split into two main sub-types, based on the level of the LJ that occurred. Multiple LJ thunderstorms produce more Level 2—related to severe weather—jumps than Level 1—small hail or inten...

This study aims to analyze the visible parameters of the cloud-to-ground discharges such as the average multiplicity, continuing current duration and interstroke interval. Several authors already analyzed these parameters for groups of... more

This study aims to analyze the visible parameters of the cloud-to-ground discharges such as the average multiplicity, continuing current duration and interstroke interval. Several authors already analyzed these parameters for groups of thunderstorms in some regions. Although some authors did not find differences between those characteristics between different regions, there has not been a comprehensive amount of lightning recordings from the same thunderstorm, in order to evaluate such parameters in a storm-to-storm basis. The lightning data for this work was obtained by four high-speed cameras (Phantom v9.1) set to record 2500 frames per second. They were located in São José dos Campos, Brazil, as part of the project RAMMER (Automated Multi-Camera Network for Monitoring and Study of Lightning Flashes). Five thunderstorm days were selected for this study and some of the data were recorded manually, which provided a higher number of confirmed cloud-to-ground lightning records. A to...

Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest to develop and deploy an automated and continuously operating satellite-based global lightning mapper [e.g. Christian et al., 1989; Weber et al., 1998; Suszcynsky et al., 2000].... more

Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest to develop and deploy an automated and continuously operating satellite-based global lightning mapper [e.g. Christian et al., 1989; Weber et al., 1998; Suszcynsky et al., 2000]. Lightning is a direct consequence of the electrification and breakdown processes that take place during the convective stages of thunderstorm development. Satellite-based lightning mappers are designed to exploit this relationship by using lightning detection as a proxy for remotely identifying, locating and characterizing strong convective activity on a global basis. Global lightning and convection mapping promises to provide users with (1) an enhanced global severe weather monitoring and early warning capability [e.g. Weber et al., 1998] (2) improved ability to optimize aviation flight paths around convective cells, particularly over oceanic and remote regions that are not sufficiently serviced by existing weather radar [e.g. Weber et al., 1998],...

We compare VHF satellite observations and VLF ground-based observations of lightning events within range of both of these dissimilar systems. Earlier work had compared FORTE VHF signals to National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN)... more

We compare VHF satellite observations and VLF ground-based observations of lightning events within range of both of these dissimilar systems. Earlier work had compared FORTE VHF signals to National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) signals for lightning in North America [Jacobson, et al., 2000]. That earlier work formed the basis for identifying certain lightning-stroke types over North America via their satellite-recorded VHF waveforms [Light, et al., 2001; Suszcynsky, et al., 2001]. We repeat that exercise for lightning strokes over the lightning-prone region of Australasia, and use the inferred stroke types to provide insight on the relative selection biases of satellite-based VHF and ground-based VLF lightning detection. Jacobson, A. R., et al. (2000), FORTE radio-frequency observations of lightning strokes detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 15,653. Light, T. E., et al. (2001), Coincident Radio Frequency and Optical Emiss...

— The goal of this paper is to build up an assembly for accessing input signals which is coming from two different ports at the same time in only one connector. This relates to working of a lightning cable with audio jack by using... more

— The goal of this paper is to build up an assembly for accessing input signals which is coming from two different ports at the same time in only one connector. This relates to working of a lightning cable with audio jack by using lightning cable power assembly for producing output from the jack without using extra adaptors. With the current Generation smartphones, the audio jack is removed, due to that lighting to audio jack adaptor is required hence earphones can't be used while charging your phone without specific adaptors. With this sort of cable design, single lightning port will further evolve into both audio jack and/or lightning out. So users can use more accessories at the same time despite having a single port. The goal of this paper is two offering two ports in connector by using energy harvesting for both of this port. Here usb port will further use as access port for pen-drive access.