Electronics and communication Research Papers (original) (raw)

The purpose of this project is to control robot with an interface board of the Raspberry Pi, sensors and software to full fill real time requirement.
Controlling DC motors, different sensors, camera interfacing with raspberry Pi using GPIO pin.
Live streaming, Command the robot easily, sends data of different sensors which works automatically or control from anywhere at any time.
Design of the website and control page of robot is done using Java tools and HTML. This system works on IOT concept.
This will enable Raspberry Pi to be used for more robotic applications and cut down the cost for building an IOT Robot.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to find a real-time parking location for a four-wheeler. Design/methodology/approach-Real-time parking availability using specific infrastructure requires a high cost of installation and maintenance cost, which is not affordable to all urban cities. The authors present statistical block matching algorithm (SBMA) for real-time parking management in small-town cities such as Bhavnagar using an in-built surveillance CCTV system, which is not installed for parking application. In particular, data from a camera situated in a mall was used to detect the parking status of some specific parking places using a region of interest (ROI). The method proposed computes the mean value of the pixels inside the ROI using blocks of different sizes (8 Â 10 and 20 Â 35), and the values were compared among different frames. When the difference between frames is more significant than a threshold, the process generates "no parking space for that place." Otherwise, the method yields "parking place available." Then, this information is used to print a bounding box on the parking places with the color green/red to show the availability of the parking place. Findings-The real-time feedback loop (car parking positions) helps the presented model and dynamically refines the parking strategy and parking position to the users. A whole-day experiment/validation is shown in this paper, where the evaluation of the method is performed using pattern recognition metrics for classification: precision, recall and F1 score. Originality/value-The authors found real-time parking availability for Himalaya Mall situated in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, for 18th June 2018 video using the SBMA method with accountable computational time for finding parking slots. The limitations of the presented method with future implementation are discussed at the end of this paper.

- by JANAK TRIVEDI
- •
- Computer Vision, Statistical Analysis, Real-time Systems, Digital Signal Processing

This paper signifies a customized chaotic Pehlivan wei system which has been implemented using mathematical approaches using high accuracy algorithm like RK4 with emphasis on time, speed and area. The phase portrayals of the structure have been pulled out for analyzing the system. The basic — Chua circuit! is used for designing this new PWCS system. RMSE analysis and the performance of the structure with a variety of data sets have been observed. The innovative system is numerically coded in Matlab R2010a environment. The parameter ‘a’ and initial conditions are changed without violating the chaotic properties. The clock speeds and timing replication results have been analyzed. The operating frequency of these oscillators has been able to reach a maximum value to increase speed and decrease the time period. Comparison has been made between the timing simulation results and the phase plots of the PWCS system and the new modified PWCS chaotic system developed and their compassion to p...

- by Ramji Gupta
- •
- Computer Science, Electronics and communication

Today’s world is of electronic commerce as most of the businesses running over the internet because it has become the fastest medium of commencement of business , Companies are facing a severe competition in this dynamic world of business and they are always looking for new sphere so that they can enhance contact with consumers and for the same they are letting no stone unturned. Innovative techniques for selling of products are employed by the entrepreneurs which make transactions speedy and customers are also showing their interest in online shopping as it saves time and many more offers are provided by selling companies which attract customers .In today’s era consumers are diverting their purchase from retail shops to online shopping and many factors are responsible for this change which include impact of Demographic factors of consumers on on-line shopping parameters like satisfaction with on-line shopping,future purchase intention, frequency of on-line shopping, numbers of items purchased, and overall spend on on-line shopping ,convenience , safety measures , easy access to compare price of commodities over various sites etc.

The Swarm Intelligence-based Reinforcement
Learning (SWIRL) method is proposed in this paper to
efficiently generate Artificial Neural Network(ANN) based
solutions to various problems. An aritificial neural networks
learning method for mobile robot localization, which
combines the two popular swarm inspired methods in
computational intelligence areas: Ant Colony Optimization
(ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to train the
ANN models. The most used artificial neural
networks(ANNs) models is the well-known multi-layer
perceptron (MLP). Training neural networks is a complex
task for reinforcement learning methods .The training
process of MLPs for pattern classification problems consists
of two tasks , the first one is the selection of an appropriate
architecture for the problem , and the second is the
adjustment of the connection weights of the network.
Recently artificial neural networks based methods are
applied to robotic systems. An ANN was trained to estimate
a robot’s position relative to a particular local object and to
correct the pose estimates from odometry using ultrasonic
sensors.

An investigation is carried out into the design, modelling, construction and testing of a new, unique, bat bow-tie self grounded antenna. The purpose is to use it for the application of a dual band WiFi modem operating between the frequency ranges of 2.4-2.5Ghz and 5-6GHz. The antenna was a success and theoretically had a VSWR less than 2:1 and increased signal strength by 3db which corresponded to double the power. The existing model was analyzed and the results of the measurements and testing led to an upgraded MIMO model.

Intelligent vehicles are replacing conventional vehicles because these offer many advantages. For such vehicles to work successfully, self position of vehicle is of utmost priority. Localization of intelligent vehicles covers lot many methods. The methods are progressively improving for accurate localization. Wireless signals, markers based localization and RFID tag based localization are some of many methods used for localization. In this paper, GPS is used to localize an intelligent vehicle and vision based methods are used in accurate and efficient localization of intelligent vehicles

- by IAEME Publication
- •
- Technology, RFID, GPS Applications, Electronics and communication

The probe sensor is of two parallel plates type which is used to determine the moisture content of the soil. The probe sensor is connected to a resistance to time period converter circuit of the TDR soil moisture sensor system whose output time period depends upon the resistance of the soil which in turn depends upon the moisture content of the soil acting as medium between the plates of the probe sensor. The TDR probe sensor is designed and simulated using the Integrated Electro software in order to determine the effects of the parameters like length, thickness and gap between the plates on electric field and energy density. The simulation results are used to predict and determine the geometry of the probe sensor, the materials that should be used in making the plates of the probe sensor and coating the plates of the probe sensor for reducing the effects of the fringing field and noise in the environment.

The purpose of this paper is to describe a measurement problem confronting researchers who would study the confirmation of expectations by means of difference scores. The concept of confirmation of expectations has been used specifically to study consumer satisfaction and, more generally, to understand the bases of buyer behavior (cf. Howard and Sbeth 1969;. Typically, expectations on a set of dimensions are measured prior to purchase and evaluations are made on the same set of dimensions after the purchase. The difference between these expectations and evaluations represents the construct of confirmation of expectations.

- by ved prakash
- •
- Marketing, Electronics and communication, Microcontrollers, Tourism

A cellular network is radio network distributed over land through cells where each cells include a fixed
location transceiver known as a Base Station (BS). The major concern for cellular operators is achieving energy
efficiency in cellular network. They have to maintain profitability and at the same time reduce the negative impact on
environment. A lot of research has been carried out concerning energy efficient or green cellular networks. In a cellular
network, the BSs consume the highest amount of energy compared to other components. The focus of this paper is on
reducing the energy consumption in the BS. A cellular network can be made more energy efficient by using a design
based on switching BSs. Significant energy savings can be obtained by considering the uplink and downlink traffic for
the switching purpose.

- by prasanna venkatesan
- •
- Electronics and communication
- by IJERT Journal
- •
- Engineering, Electronics and communication

A new approach to implement fault
tolerant FPGA ,which can mitigate radiation-induced
temporary faults (single-event upsets (SEUs) at
moderate cost. we present a scan-chain-based multiple
error recovery technique for triple modular
redundancy (TMR) systems (SMERTMR). The
proposed technique reuses scan-chain flip-flops
fabricated for testability purposes to detect and correct
faulty modules in the presence of single or multiple
transient faults. In the proposed technique, the
manifested errors are detected at the modules outputs,
while the temporary faults are detected by comparing
the internal states of the TMR modules, ours allows to
detect and eliminate its internal temporary
configuration upsets without interrupting normal
functioning. Faults are identified and Removed using a
self built Configuration to avoid a single point of
failure, is implemented as fault-tolerant using triple
modular redundancy system. Finally, This paper
proposes a test pattern generator(TPG) for built-in
self-test. Our method generates test pattern for multiple
single input change (MSIC) vectors in a pattern, each
vector applied to a scan chain is an SIC vector .The
proposed approach can be validated through fault
injection experiments.

- by prasanna venkatesan
- •
- Electronics and communication
- by Foss Leach
- •
- Electronics, Radio, Electronics and communication, Regenerative Design

This paper has style and development of a robotic arm manipulator victimisation net of things with low value. Tele-robotics refers to regulate a mechanism from an overseas finish. The robotic arm has controlled by wirelessly is incredibly useful for broad vary of applications that starting from medical fields, automations in industries. With the recognition and widespread use of net, it becomes a straight forward task for anyone to regulate and monitor the robots from an overseas finish. During this project, a robotic arm is meant to be controlled by a licensed person at any time and from anywhere victimisation the online technology. With an internet server, it becomes simple to regulate devices from an overseas web site. The net based mostly robotic Tele-operations realize nice utility in applications that are dangerous, hostile, and inaccessible to humans and areas of labor no matter geographical locations. Thanks to the growing awareness, technological support, knowledge transmission protocols, easy use and low value the net has well-tried to be the foremost appropriate infrastructure for worldwide access and knowledge exchange.

Increase in use of power electronics in power system addressed power quality problems. Converters are widely used in industrial area for different application. They are non-linear devices and degrade power quality of system. In this paper, 12 – pulse ac – dc power supply is taken as non-linear load example. Power supply, here discuss is use in low voltage, high dc current application. High dc current is generated by connecting four M3 converters in parallel. Phase-shifting transformer is also introduce for require phase displacement. Converter can affect power quality in terms of inject harmonics and decrease power factor. It can be used as dynamic load; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate active and reactive power for different loading condition. This paper represents assessment of power quality for such system.

A VLAN is a logical connection that allows hosts to be grouped together in the same broadcast domain, so that packets are delivered only to ports that are combined to the same VLAN. We can improve wireless network performance and save bandwidth through the characteristic VLAN network. In addition, the implementation of VLAN greatly improves wireless network security by reducing the number of hosts receiving copies of frames broadcast by switches, thus keeping hosts holding critical data on a separate VLAN. In this paper we compare wireless network with VLAN via wireless network. The proposed network is evaluated within terms of delay and average throughput using web browsing applications and file transfer in heavy traffic. The simulation was carried out using OPNET 14.5 modeler and the results show that the use of VLAN via wireless network improved performance by reducing traffic resulting in a minimized delay time. Furthermore, VLAN implementation reduces network throughput because...

Politicians across Western democracies are increasingly adopting and experimenting with Twitter, particularly during election time. The purpose of this article is to investigate how candidates are using it during an election campaign. The aim is to create a typology of the various ways in which candidates behaved on Twitter. Our research, which included a content analysis of tweets (n = 26,282) from all twittering Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrat candidates (n = 416) during the 2010 UK General Election campaign, focused on four aspects of tweets: type, interaction, function and topic. By examining candidates' twittering behaviour, the authors show that British politicians mainly used Twitter as a unidirectional form of communication. However, there were a group of candidates who used it to interact with voters by, for example, mobilizing, helping and consulting them, thus tapping into the potential Twitter offers for facilitating a closer relationship with citizens.

- by Todd Graham and +2
- •
- Campaigning, Communication, Media Studies, New Media

This research work was carried out to assess UNIUYO students' use of social media. For an empirical study of this type, four objectives which translated into four research questions were formulated. A sample size of 370 comprising 6 faculties from the 13 faculties in the University of Uyo was chosen using Philip Meyer's guide for sample selection. Data were collected through the administration of questionnaire on respondents in the six faculties-Arts, Business Administration, Social Science, Law, Environmental Studies, and Sciences. The study reveals UNIUYO students use social media to get informed on news events and issues happening in the society, to interact with friends, find educational documents, etc and they use it daily to a greater extent. The research, however recommends students to be, not just receivers, but gatherers and presenters of information through citizen journalism as well as urging heavy users to moderate their use of these sites to avoid addiction through creating balance between their offline and online lives.

- by Rafeal Noble
- •
- Electronics and communication, Social Meida

Due to continuous advances in technology scaling, modern integrated circuits consist of billions of transistors. Interconnects between the gates in these transistors were
considered as ideal conductors that propagated signals
instantaneously. While device sizes were shrinking with each
technology generation, multilevel metal structures rose higher
and higher above the surface of the silicon and soon began to
dominate the landscape of the integrated circuit. In the sub
100nm scaling regime, interconnect behavior limits the
performance and correctness of VLSI systems. The wiring in
today’s integrated circuits forms a complex geometry that
introduces capacitive, resistive, and inductive parasitics. They
can cause an increase in propagation delay, impact on energy
dissipation and the power distribution and introduce extra noise sources, which affects the reliability of the circuit. As the device size scales down the impact of interconnect in the VLSI circuits became even more significant. The performance of copper interconnects tend to get reduced in the sub 100nm range and hence we need to examine for other interconnect via options. Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes exhibit better performance in sub 100nm processing technology due to their very large current carrying capacity and large electron mean free paths. Initially we have analyzed the performances of a copper based CMOS inverter for 32nm technology node. SPICE simulations were carried out to validate the results and the results show improved performance of CNT interconnects in terms of power and delay time in comparison to traditional copper based interconnects. This work suggests using Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) as interconnects for global interconnects in VLSI design as they consume less energy and gives more throughput and bandwidth when compared with traditional Copper wires.

- by Gaurav Soni and +1
- •
- Vlsi Design, Electronics and communication, CMOS Integrated Circuit Design
- by IJERT Journal
- •
- Engineering, Electronics and communication

This paper describes a brief study of the Ziegler Nichols Method (ZN) for tuning of PID controller. The PID control method is most flexible and simple method. The conventional PID controller is replaced by Z-N tuning PID controller, to make them more general and to achieve minimum steady-state error, also to improve the other dynamic behaviour (overshoot).The system taken up for the study is the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) system which is approximated to the 4th order system. In this method of design controllers based on ZN tuning method is determined and a comparison is made between the values of P,PI and PID. MATLAB software is used for the simulation.

Saat ini telekomunikasi menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama telekomunikasi nirkabel. Hampir jutaan perangkat di dunia terhubungkan dengan internet atau melakukan transfer data dengan perangkat yang berbeda tempat. Berbekal pada keinginan konsumen untuk mendapatkan pelayanan komunikasi yang cepat, tepat dan efisien untuk menunjang kegaiatan seharhari, maka lahir dan berkembanglah berbagai teknologi seluler di dunia ini.

Cette communication traite des conditions d'application de la théorie des lignes de transmission classique. Elle présente une évaluation des erreurs commises lors de l'utilisation de cette théorie dans certaines conditions particulières. L'objectif est de cerner les situations pour lesquelles une solution alternative à la théorie des lignes de transmission classique (TLT) doit être recherchée.

- by Sofiane Chabane, Ph. D. and +1
- •
- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Electromagnetism

Communication devices have become one of the most important instruments to stay in touch with each other. Router is a most important device, used to connect different networks together and route packets of data from one network to another. So it's really important to manage a router. If you are locked out of a router because you forgot the password, this paper will be helpful to re-inter the router. This paper also shows the main components of a router, the router boot sequence and the configuration register, including how to use the configuration register for password recovery. After reading this paper, a new user will understand how to bring up a router and how to crack its password, after that save the running configuration as a backup for future use.

- by Sadhana Pal
- •
- Engineering, Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks

This research is a proposed historical memory study on two enigmatic American inventors, innovators, and entrepreneurs: Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla. While considering the rich historical context of the Gilded Age, this research will use “The War of The Currents” as an initial starting point to examine the diverse ways history has remembered these two polarizing figures. The struggle between Edison’s direct current and Tesla’s alternating current for adoption as the national standard for electricity is used as a metaphor for the struggle between the two men’s competing ideologies regarding the role of innovation in society and the nature of capitalism’s responsibility to the public good.

A superluminal quantum-vortex model of the electron and the positron is produced from a superluminal double-helix model of the photon during electron-positron pair production. The two oppositely-charged (with Q = ±e sqrt (2/α) = 16.6e) open-helix spin-½ half-photons compose the double-helix photon. These half-photons separate and curl up their separated superluminal single-helical trajectories to form an electrically-charged superluminal closed-helix spin-½ quantum-vortex electron model and a corresponding positron model. The helical radius and the Dirac equation's zitterbewegung angular frequency of the quantum vortex electron and positron models equal the helical radius and zitterbewegung angular frequency of the two spin-½ half-photons, each of energy E = mc^2 , that composed the double-helix photon model of energy E = 2mc^2 from which the electron and positron models were produced. The photon and electron models are also compatible when a photon of energy E > 2mc^2 produces a relativistic electron-positron pair. Implications of the quantum vortex electron model for electron stability are discussed.

Controlling the car without accidents in growing traffic conditions is a big problem in present day environment, so this paper aims at providing Technological approaches for protecting the driver in the car for having a smooth and safe journey without accidents. So this paper entitled as " DESIGN OF SMART CAR USING LABVIEW " , as the name indicates, this paper is about advanced technologies embedded into the cars for making it more intelligent and interactive for avoiding accidents and protect the driver on roads at the time of accidents. By using LABVIEW this system becomes more efficient, reliable & effective. In this project, we describe a real-time safety protection that keeps a condition for engine ignition and controls the vehicle speed under driver negligence. The main components of the system consist of number of real time sensors like IR RANGE SENSOR240-037, MOTION SENSOR-ADXL 335, LDR, IR TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER and a software interface with LABVIEW by using NI USB-6009.

In this article the use of crystal as its oscillator and the use of mosfets for low power generation is used in the medium wave transmission. Medium wave (MW) is the part of the medium frequency (MF) radio band used mainly for AM radio broadcasting. For Europe the MW band ranges from 526.5 kHz to 1606.5 kHz , using 9 kHz spaced channels, and in North America an extended MW broadcast band goes from 535 kHz to 1705 kHz, using 10 kHz spaced channels. Here the circuit is designed for the frequencies ranging between 625KHz to 1500KHz. The circuit is an low power AM transmitter that transmits MW and typically the use of mosfets and the low power audio amplifier makes it a low power transmitter. The following report describes the construction and working and advantages as low power and the use of crystal for the carrier wave generation is as described below, the crystal locked medium wave transmitter.

- by Aditya Jawadekar
- •
- Electronics and communication

Many advocates of deliberative democracy see in the Internet a new opportunity for the development of public spaces, public spheres, and places where deliberation can take place. An important element of the notion of the public sphere in general and of deliberation specifically, is the quality of the debate. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to evaluate online discussions in light of the ideal notion of the public sphere. However, a wide gap exists between theoretical approaches and the actual operationalization of such theories for empirical research. In an attempt to bridge this gap we develop a method for examining the extent to which Internet forums meet the normative requirements of rational-critical debate, reciprocity, and reflexivity. The methodological approach consists of a textual analysis of the contributions made to an online forum. The coding scheme presented in this article is based on a case study (UK Online) and guided by the theoretical notions of deliberative democracy.

- by Todd Graham
- •
- Communication, Media Studies, New Media, Political Participation
- by siva s
- •
- Electronics and communication

In this paper, presents an optimized
combinational logic based Rijndael S-Box
implementation for the SubByte transformation(S-box) in
the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm on
FPGA. S-box dominated the hardware complexity of the
AES cryptographic module thus we implement its
mathematic equations based on optimized and
combinational logic circuits until dynamic power
consumption reduced. The complete data path of the Sbox
algorithm is simulated as a net list of AND, OR,
NOT and XOR logic gates, also for increase in speed and
maximum operation frequency used 4-stage pipeline in
proposed method. The proposed implemented
combinational logic based S-box have been successfully
synthesized and implemented using Xilinx ISE V7.1 and
Virtex IV FPGA to target device Xc4vf100. Power is
analized using Xilinx XPower analyzer and achieved
power consumption is 29 mW in clock frequency of 100
MHz. The results from the Place and Route report
indicate that maximum clock frequency is 209.617 MHz.

- by Bahman Rashidi
- •
- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Power Electronics, Electronics

More than 2 million people in the United States are unable to speak or use handwriting as an effective and efficient mean of communication (ASHA,2004). This paper discusses a brief history of augmentative alternative communication (AAC)... more

- by Justin Briglio
- •
- Languages, History, Genetics, Social Movements

Linear frequency modulated pulse compression (LFM-PC) radar is one of the widely used modern radar systems. It has high immunity against conventional noise jamming due to its high processing gain. To sufficiently affect such radar, smart jamming techniques should be applied. In the last decade, different smart jamming techniques have been proposed. However, literature lacks to the analysis and evaluation of the effect of such techniques on modern radar systems. In this paper, the effect of one of the recently proposed jamming techniques, called chopping jamming, is analyzed and evaluated against LFM-PC radar depending on a typical LFM-PC verified radar model. The worthy of the application of chopping jamming on LFM-PC radar regarding to the probability of false alarm as well as radar detection is discussed and presented.

Character recognition is one of the most important applications of image processing. In last couple of decades, the numbers of vehicles have been increasing day by day. With this increase, it is becoming difficult to keep track of each vehicle for the purpose of law enforcement and traffic management. Thus, we need that type of system, which is capable of providing appropriate solutions to the traffic issues and hence this Automatic License Plate Recognition System is developed using Histogram graph algorithm in MATLAB. In which image is captured from camera and converted into Gray scale image for preprocessing .After conversion, dilation process is applied on image. After dilation horizontal and vertical edge processing has been done and passed these histograms through low pass filter. After filtration, image is segmented and license plate is extracted. For detection each character separately from detected license plate smearing algorithm is used.

- by Mahroo Uris
- •
- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Physics, Theoretical Physics

Water is the most important Nature's gift to the mankind. Without Water there is no life. Now man understood its importance, especially where water is not easily available. Now this is being managed by the proper manner in city areas where the use of water is more than its availability. This is one of the motivations for this research, to deploy computing techniques in creating a barrier to wastage in order to not only provide more financial gains and energy saving, but also help the environment and water cycle which in turn ensures that we save water for our future. In this paper we have discussed about design and implementation of water level control system which is wireless, automatic, cost effective and reliable. It uses two zigbee transceivers along with a controller each installed at the tank and in the household. Zigbee transceivers are used for wireless communication. It is completely automated with the help of a microcontroller. Installation cost is reduced since the system is wireless. It is reliable because it has no problems arising after installation such as breakage of wire.

In this fast moving and technological world we have seen how youngsters are being influenced by electronic games and the impact on their lives. Electronic game is now considered to be everything from the work to the play such as a sort of simulation, provide performance and also acts as a potential tool for education where it can be an object of study for behavioral psychology which can be considered as a playground for social interaction and is of course as a toy and a source of entertainment (Wolf, 2005). Electronic games are now fast becoming one of the most chosen forms of media among youngsters. The Entertainment Software Association has reported that in the year 2006 in the United States, consumers have spent more over $7.4 billion on videogame software alone (Entertainment Software Association, 2007). Data from experiments have indicated that playing violent electronic games increased aggression, hostility, and also created aggressive thoughts (Gentile, 2007) .It has been shown that gaming among youngsters is a very common past time and is also a familiar topic of conversation and thus is has been associated with very poor academic performance (Lewin, 2006). The exposure of violent video games resulted in increasing aggressive behavior, creating aggressive thoughts, intensifying angry feelings, reduced helpful behavior and increased physiological arousal (Anderson, 2002). It has been found that adolescent boys who had been identified with aggressive characters in realistic games were found to be the most aggressive going so far as to blast opponents with noise levels which they believed would cause a permanent hearing damage (Bushman, 2007).

- by Rivesh Dursun
- •
- Video Games and Learning, Electronics and communication

Treinamento de Calculo de Arco Voltaico

- by Juliano Fusinato
- •
- Electronics and communication, Eletrônica

In high power applications like SONAR, PWM techniques are essentialto control high power as well as to reduce switching losses. The primary reason for preferring sinusoidal PWM is that our final need is a sinusoidal output. Hence, we use sinusoidal wave as reference wave. Sampling it with triangular wave of high frequency would ensure nearly sinusoidal wave on output side. The unipolar PWM which is one of the two commonly used types of SPWM is better suited for the applications mentioned. However, it faces problem of dead short circuit as two switches of same leg would be ON simultaneously. A modification under the name of advanced unipolar PWM technique is introduced and presented. The simulation and hardware implementation of same is also depicted using MATLAB while a microcontroller board (Arduino Uno, in this case) is used to implement the embedded code generation. The use of the microcontroller board further adds to the advantages when compared to the conventional method. The modified technique has been explained in the paper.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is needed for health issues related to heart disease. But sometimes due to mismatches in electrodes signal becomes noisy hence, removal of these interference like noise artifacts, baseline wandering and power line interference different filter approaches has been proposed. Various filter approaches are available for removal of noise artifacts from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Filtering methods like Wiener filter and Adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm are utilized for denoising noise interference from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. The main goal is to implement different filters and to compare based on performance parameters of the respective filter like Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and power spectral density (PSD). Testing was implemented on artificially noisy Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal which has taken from standard Physio.net database sampled at 50 Hz. For better utilization testing results are compared in term of their performance parameter such as SNR and PSD.

- by bharati sharma
- •
- Signal Processing, Electronics and communication
- by Kailash Bansal
- •
- Electronics and communication
- by Yasir Khan
- •
- Management, Remote Sensing, Environmental modeling, Environmental Monitoring

Now a day it is very easy to establish communication from one part of the world to other. Despite this even now in remote areas villagers travel to talk to family members or to get forms which citizens in-developed countries an call up on a computer in a matter of seconds. The government tries to give telephone connection in very village in the mistaken belief that ordinary telephone is the cheapest way to provide connectivity. But the recent advancements in wireless technology make running a copper wire to an analog telephone much more expensive than the broadband wireless Internet connectivity. Daknet, an ad hoc network uses wireless technology to provide digital connectivity. Daknet takes advantages of the existing transportation and communication infrastructure to provide digital connectivity. Daknet whose name derives from the Hindi word "Dak" for postal combines a physical means of transportation with wireless data transfer to extend the internet connectivity that a uplink, a cyber café or post office provides.

Reversible logic has become an emerging field for research. The main advantage of reversible logic is power reduction and this advantage have drawn up a significant interest in this field. The aim of the paper is to realize the decoder using Fredkin gate which is basically a reversible gate. There are many reversible logic gates i.e Fredkin gate, Feynman gate, Double Feynman gate, Peres gate, New gate, Toffoli gate and many more. In the reversible logic, reversibility have a special condition which is reversible computing and it is based on the principle of bijection device with a same no of inputs and outputs which means one to one mapping. It finds its application in various fields including quantum computing, optical computing, nanotechnology, computer graphic, cryptography, digital signal processing and many more. Reversible logic is gaining importance in recent years largely due to its property of low power consumption. A comparative study in terms of the number of gates, number of constant inputs, number of garbage outputs and quantum costs is also presented. The circuit has been implemented and simulated in Xilinx.