Localization (Computer Science) Research Papers (original) (raw)

The number of Smartphones users is increasing, and creating opportunities for the development of many applications in various application domains. Most Smartphones come with Internet connection, GSM/GPRS/3G/HSPDA/4G antenna, GPS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other sensors such as magnetometer, gyroscope and accelerometer, facilitating geographic localization, geographic position calculation, the supply of points of interest proximity and supporting the user in trails navigation. This research analyzes the challenges in developing Android mobile applications that contain location services and map navigation support for outdoor pedestrian trails, using only the Smartphones native features and technologies. Besides the main location techniques and technologies available in Smartphones, and particularly in Android, this research analyses power saving strategies, using for instance sensor fusion, map types, and web services consuming. The objective of this research is to discuss and propose bes...

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- GPS Applications, Localization (Computer Science), Android, Mobile Location Based Services

The aim of this dissertation was to analyze translation errors found on Polish company websites. Text from thirty randomly selected Polish websites was collected in the corpus used for the purposes of this study. The error typology was mainly based on the TAUS DQF and MQM error typologies from early 2015, with modifications by the present author. Additionally, classification into six segment types was introduced to account for three variables (editability, dynamism and translatability of text), and to later correlate these segment types with error types. The results show a prevalence of errors related to the translators’ poor language skills and lack of attention to detail.

- by Kamil Zakrzewski
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- Translation Studies, Localization, Localization (Computer Science), Translation
- by Pedro Satué
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- Project Management, Localization, Localization (Computer Science)

Yerelleştirme endüstrisi, bilindiği gibi 1990'ların başından itibaren popüler hale gelmiştir. Bu popülerlik kendini önce yazılım, sonra da internetin yaygınlaşmasıyla websitesi yerelleştirmesi alanında hissettirmiştir. Ancak bununla beraber, diğer bir üçüncü alan daha ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alan oyun yerelleştirmesi olarak bilinir. Oyun yerelleştirmesi alanında öne çıkan etmen oyuncunun oyunu kendi dilinde alımlamasını sağlayarak, oyunu daha ilgi çekici hale getirmek ve oynanabilirliği artırmaktır. Ayrıca, oyun yerelleştirmesi alanında, yazılım ve websitesi yerelleştirmesinden farklı olarak eğlendirmek ve böylelikle oyunun diğer dillerde satışını artırmak vardır. Eğlence endüstrisi alanında önemli bir hasılat getiren oyun yerelleştirmesi bazı dillerde/bölgelerde ise profesyonel anlamda nispeten yeni bir alan olduğundan sadece gönüllü kullanıcılar tarafından yapılır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada Wolfenstein serilerinin en sonuncusu olan 5 Mayıs 2015 tarihli The Old Blood oyununun İngilizce dil dosyasından Türkçeye gönüllü bir kullanıcı tarafından yerelleştirilmiş versiyonunda benimsenen çeviri yaklaşımları incelenmiş ve bunun oyunun ilgi çekiciliğini, oynanabilirliğini, artırıp artırmadığı tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ayrıca yerelleştirilmiş versiyonla ilgili erek kullanıcı yorumlarına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada, metne dayalı bir yaklaşım izlenmiş ve gerekli görülen noktalarda gönüllü oyun yerelleştirmesi ekibinden ilgili kişiyle mülakat yapılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Oyun yerelleştirmesi, lokalizasyon, yerelleştirme, oynanabilirlik, Wolfenstein The Old Blood, çeviri yaklaşımları.  Arş.Gör., Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Çeviribilim Bölümü.

- by Cem Odacıoğlu
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- Translation Studies, Computational Linguistics, Machine Translation, Video Games

The market for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based applications requiring accurate positioning information has been steadily growing over the recent years. As a consequence of technological advances in GNSS technology, single-frequency, navigation-grade receivers capable to provide carrier phase data can be a cost-effective alternative to the high-professional, geodetic-grade receivers. Navigation-grade receivers are mainly attractive as their cost ranges around of few hundred euros. In addition, the carrier phase measurements are the most accurate observables collected from a GNSS system. As a result, the positioning accuracy obtained with navigation-grade receivers can reach levels that may raise interest various communities that use positioning information. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of high-sensitivity carrier phase-based positioning using navigation-grade equipment. A few static tests covering different time intervals and various baselines with different lengths are investigated. In addition, several kinematic tests are also conducted. The obtained positioning solutions and baseline lengths are compared to the corresponding ones derived from observations collected with professional equipment. The test results demonstrate that cm-level accuracy can be achieved with navigation-grade equipment when it can output carrier phase data. This level of accuracy may be attractive to various applications, such as land, marine or aerial surveying, structural monitoring or early warning systems.

- by Octavian Andrei
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- Landscape Ecology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Geophysics

WLAN has lately been applied to the problem of mobility tracking and behavior analysis. To further the development of the studies in this direction the positioning system that can perform on the network side with minimal human participation is needed. One of the current limitations is the requirement on the number of reference signal available. Thus, methods that require fewer reference signals for positioning are needed. This paper provides the comparison of WLAN based positioning methods that can operate with a single AP.

Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks are
becoming ubiquitous and increasingly attract investigators to
focus on different aspects of them. In terms of localization
estimation system, location algorithm play an important role to
reach high accuracy. Many algorithms have been developed to
improve the accuracy of the system, but so far none has been able
to deliver complete satisfactory and reliable result. This paper
addresses a filter for smoothing the received signal strength
index (RSSI) based on Principle Component Analysis. To
enhance the accuracy of the system and overcome unwanted
signals, the proposed algorithm is utilized to reduce the noise for
triangulation localization approach instead of reducing the
database in fingerprint approach. Our algorithm divided each 10
received packets to a group and replaced a representative signal
for each group. A realistic demo system of the CC2430/CC2431
has been implemented in the fifth floor of Xi’an JiaotongLiverpool
University to represent the feasibility and accuracy of
our algorithm. The results show the enhancement in localization
accuracy in normal speed by at least 2 meters.

- by Cheng Zhang and +1
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- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Computer Science, Information Technology

Predkladaný príspevok sa venuje premenným v kontexte prekladu a lokalizácie herného aj neherného softvéru a webových lokalít. Autor premenné definuje ako integrálnu súčasť softvérových produktov, s ktorými jednotlivé softvérové produkty pracujú na programovacej rovine. Zároveň premenné rozdeľuje do štyroch typov, ktoré postupne popisuje, vysvetľuje a ozrejmuje ich vplyv na výsledný preklad. Všetky prípady sú doplnené o názorné príklady s vysvetlivkami, ktoré problematiku premenných ilustrujú aj z praktickej stránky.

- by Marián Kabát
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- Translation Studies, Translation theory, Localization, Teaching Translation
- by Marcin Miłkowski
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- Translation Studies, Localization (Computer Science), Quality Assurance, Qa

The notion of localization has been examined by many scholars in Translation Studies (Benko and Rajčanová 1998; Esselink 2000; Pym 2001, 2004; Bernal- Merino 2006; O’Hagan and Mangiron 2013; Jiménez- Crespo 2018). Nonetheless, it seems that there is a divide in theoretical approaches to localization between the localization industry and Translation Studies scholars. The localization industry defines translation only on a lexical level; it does not consider the shifts made due to things like cultural differences to be a part of the translation process, but rather sees it as an independent process conducted during localization. On the other hand, Translation Studies scholars have considered the problem of intercultural transfer as a relevant part of translation since the cultural paradigm shift in the 1980s. This different perspective on translation and localization is mainly visible in translation and localization agencies and associations. The Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA) defined localization as “taking a product and making it linguistically and culturally appropriate to the target locale […] where it will be used and sold” (Esselink 2000, 3). A quite similar definition of localization (albeit of literary texts) was given by Popovič (referencing Reiss 1971) as “an adaptation of thematic elements of the original connected with the locale of the original […] aiming to meet the conventions of the recipient” (1975, 278). In the Slovak Translation Studies tradition, we could call this “adaptation of thematic elements of the original” naturalization. The aim of this chapter is to analyze different theoretical sources dealing with translation and localization, and present relevant theories and descriptions by scholars and localization associations of what localization is and what translation is within it. The focus then shifts to proposing a context- based definition of localization
that would encompass both translation and culture. Such a definition could (at least to some extent) resolve the issues between the two clashing scholarly approaches to translation and localization.

The presence of a single radio link between the transmitter and the receiver is peculiar of a single hop wireless network. When the radio link is intentionally jammed, the communication is spoiled and the throughput of the network is significantly reduced. Moreover, the attacker location information is essential when that network topology is used in an Electronic Defense system. Furthermore, Cognitive Radio (CR) devices, sense the whole available spectrum pool and switch the communication to a new spectrum hole. In this paper, their usage is shown to be improving the jamming resilience of the network. Moreover, we propose a unique node based algorithm to localize the Jammer, having as input data the only phase shifts information. The basic scenario with a single CR Mobile Object, a Base Station and a jammer has been simulated on the platform NS2 and the throughput of the network is shown to be almost stable around a certain value during the attack. Eventually, after a large number of simulations, we estimate that the error location is less than 1 meter

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) enable a variety of applications such as fish farming and water quality monitoring. One of the critical tasks in such networks is localization. Location information can be used in sensor networks for several purposes such as (i) data tagging in which sensed information is not useful for the application unless the location of the sensed information is known, (ii) tracking objects or (iii) multi-hop data transmission in geographic routing protocols. Since GPS does not work well underwater, several localization schemes have been developed for UWSNs. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art of localization schemes for UWSNs. It describes the existing schemes and classifies them into different categories. Furthermore, the paper discusses some open research issues that need further investigation in this area.

We present an efficient approach for temporal action co-localization (TACL), which means to simultaneously localize all action instances in an untrimmed video. Compared with the conventional instance-by-instance action localization, TACL can exploit the contextual and temporal relationships among action instances to reduce the localization ambiguities. Motivated by the strong relational modeling capability of graph neural networks, we propose a Graph-based Temporal Action Co-Localization (G-TACL) method. By considering each action proposal as a node, G-TACL effectively aggregates contextual and temporal features from related action proposals to jointly recognize and localize all action instances in a single shot. Moreover, we introduce a novel multi-level consistency evaluator to measure the relatedness between any two action proposals. This is achieved by considering their high-level contextual similarities, low-level temporal coincidences and feature correlations. We exploit the Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) to iteratively update the features of each node, which are then used to regress the temporal boundaries of action proposals and finally achieve action co-localization. Experimental results on three datasets, i.e., THUMOS14, MEXaction2 and ActivityNet v1.3 datasets demonstrate that our G-TACL is superior or comparable to the state-of-the-arts.

In this project, a reliable and inexpensive collision avoidance system was designed for vehicles
traversing roads in high speeds. Miniature wireless cars in an indoor traffic model are used to
simulate real vehicles movements. Several experiments were done to make the car movement reliable.
The selected localization system keeps track of each car’s movement. Each car’s speed and steer is
adjusted by the collision avoidance system, and it is done through sending control commands with
regards to the cars location information obtained from the localization system.

- by Oscar Mendez
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- Engineering, Robotics, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
- by Harsha Wijayawardhana
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- Localization (Computer Science)

Location information is crucial in various location-based applications, the nodes in location system are often deployed in the 3D scenario in particle, so that localization algorithms in a three-dimensional space are necessary. The existing RFID three-dimensional (3D) localization technology based on the LANDMARC localization algorithm is widely used because of its low complexity, but its localization accuracy is low. In this paper, we proposed an improved 3D LANDMARC indoor localization algorithm to increase the localization accuracy. Firstly, we use the advantages of the RBF neural network in data fitting to pre-process the acquired signal and study the wireless signal transmission loss model to improve localization accuracy of the LANDMARC algorithm. With the purpose of solving the adaptive problem in the LANDMARC localization algorithm, we introduce the quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm, which has the technology advantages of global search and optimization, to solve the localization model. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm improves the localization accuracy and adaptability significantly, compared with the basic LANDMARC algorithm and particle swarm optimization LANDMARC algorithm, and it can overcome the shortcoming of slow convergence existed in particle swarm optimization.

In this paper, we present a novel technique for localization of caption text in video frames based on noise inconsistencies. Text is artificially added to the video after it has been captured and as such does not form
part of the original video graphics. Typically, the amount of noise level is uniform across the entire captured video frame, thus, artificially embedding or overlaying text on the video introduces yet another segment of noise level. Therefore detection of various noise levels in the video frame may signify
availability of overlaid text. Hence we exploited this property by detecting regions with various noise levels to localize overlaid text in video frames. Experimental results obtained shows a great improvement in line with overlaid text localization, where we have performed metric measure based on Recall, Precision and fmeasure.

Translation Studies and more specifically, its subfield Descriptive Translation Studies (Holmes 1988/2000) is, according to many scholars (Gambier 2009; Nenopoulou 2007; Munday 2001/2008; Hermans 1999; Snell-Hornby et al. 1994 e.t.c), a highly interdisciplinary field of study. The aim of the present paper is to describe the role of polysemiotic corpora in the study of university website localization from a multidisciplinary perspective. More specifically, the paper gives an overview of an on-going postdoctoral research on the identity formation of Greek universities on the web, focusing on the methodology of corpora compilation and analysis with methodological tools and concepts from various fields, such as translation studies, social semiot-ics, cultural studies, critical discourse analysis and marketing. The objects of comparative analysis are Greek and French original and translated (into English) university websites as well as original British and American university website versions. Up to now, research findings have shown that polysemiotic corpora can be a valuable tool not only of quantitative but also of qualitative analysis of website localization both for scholars and translation professionals working with multimodal genres.

Software terminology is affected by several different factors, such as videogame and non-videogame software, fast software development and expansion, software development in other than anglophone locales and languages, and specific terminologies created by companies that own a given software (Corbolante and Irmler 2001). Terminology in software localization is therefore increasingly dynamic. A thorough analysis and description of this dynamic is probably not possible, but it should be possible to at least create a comprehensive terminology database for the purposes of software localization. The aim of this article is to introduce a model for such a terminology database, as there is still one missing in Slovakia.

- by Marián Kabát
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- Terminology, Localization, Localization (Computer Science), Localisation

Localization of sensor nodes is important in many aspects in wireless sensor networks. The known location of sensor node helps in determining the event of interest. A mobile sink is introduced to track the event driven sensor nodes in the path of the event, thus conserving energy and time. We present a novel range based localization algorithm which helps the mobile sink to compute the location of the sensor
nodes efficiently. The data transfer from the mobile sink and the sensor nodes is used to estimate the sensor location. The sensor nodes do not need to spend energy on neighbouring interaction for localization. The localization mechanism has been implemented in TOSSIM. The simulation results show that our scheme performed better than other range-based schemes.

Nodes localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has arisen as a very challenging problem in the research community. Most of the applications for WSN are not useful without a priori known nodes positions. One solution to the problem is by adding GPS receivers to each node. Since this is an expensive approach and inapplicable for indoor environments, we need to find an alternative intelligent mechanism for determining nodes location. In this paper, we propose our cluster-based approach of multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique. Our initial experiments show that our algorithm outperforms MDS-MAP[8], particularly for irregular topologies in terms of accuracy.

- by Biljana Stojkoska
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- Clusters & Networks, Multidimensional Scaling, Indoor Positioning, Localization

This paper reports on a case study aimed to investigate the role of visual context for stylistic differences in students' UI translations. Data from the two groups revealed stylistic differences and a tendency for a more consistent use of... more

Aplikasi mobile berkembang seiring dengan pesatnya kemajuan teknologi yang mendukungnya, salah satu adalah mengenai teknologi location-sensing. Penelitian mengenai location-sensing sampai saat ini berfokus pada fenomena fisik yang digunakan untuk penentuan lokasi, kemampuan penginderaan, kebutuhan daya, infrastruktur dan resolusi dalam ruang dan waktu. Teknik dalam penginderaan lokasi pun bermacam-macam, mulai dari triangulation menggunakan lateration dan angulation, serta proximity hingga scene analysis. Pada review paper ini akan dibahas teknologi location-sensing dan beberapa penerapannya.

- by Hamdan Prakoso
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- Localization (Computer Science)

The rapid increase of vehicular traffic and congestion on the highways began hampering the safe and
efficient movement of traffic. Consequently, year by year, we see the ascending rate of car accidents and
casualties in most of the countries. Therefore, exploiting the new technologies, e.g. wireless sensor networks,
is required as a solution of reduction of these saddening and reprehensible statistics. This has motivated us to
propose a novel and comprehensive system to utilize Wireless Sensor Networks for vehicular networks. We
coin the vehicular network employing wireless Sensor networks as Vehicular Ad Hoc and Sensor Network, or
VASNET in short. The proposed VASNET is particularly for highway traffic .VASNET is a self-organizing Ad
Hoc and sensor network comprised of a large number of sensor nodes. In VASNET there are two kinds of
sensor nodes, some are embedded on the vehicles-vehicular nodes- and others are deployed in predetermined
distances besides the highway road, known as Road Side Sensor nodes (RSS). The vehicular nodes are used to
sense the velocity of the vehicle for instance. We can have some Base Stations (BS) such as Police Traffic
Station, Firefighting Group and Rescue Team. The base stations may be stationary or mobile. VASNET
provides capability of wireless communication between vehicular nodes and stationary nodes, to increase
safety and comfort for vehicles on the highway roads. In this paper we explain main fundamentals and
challenges of VASNET

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) have been widely studied over the last years for autonomous vehicles. SLAM achieves its purpose by constructing a map of the unknown environment while keeping track of the location. A major challenge, which is paramount during the design of SLAM systems, lies in the efficient use of onboard sensors to perceive the environment. The most widely applied algorithms are camera-based SLAM and LiDAR-based SLAM. Recent research focuses on the fusion of camera-based and LiDAR-based frameworks that show promising results. In this paper, we present a study of commonly used sensors and the fundamental theories behind SLAM algorithms. The study then presents the hardware architectures used to process these algorithms and the performance obtained when possible. Secondly, we highlight state-of-the-art methodologies in each modality and in the multi-modal framework. A brief comparison followed by future challenges is then underlined. Additionally, we provide insights to possible fusion approaches that can increase the robustness and accuracy of modern SLAM algorithms; hence allowing the hardware-software co-design of embedded systems taking into account the algorithmic complexity and the embedded architectures and real-time constraints.

Throughout digital media forensics, the identification of manipulated images and videos is a key topic. Many methods of detection use a binary classification to assess the likelihood of manipulation of a message. Another significant subject is the position, mainly due to three standard attacks, of the exploited regions (i.e., segmentation): elimination, copy-move and splicing. In order to simultaneously detect manipulated images and videos and locate the region for every question, a convolutional neural network is built which uses the multi-work learning approach. The information gained during the execution of one task would be exchanged and both tasks strengthened. To improve network generation, a semi-supervised learning approach is used. A decoder and a Y-shaped decoder are part of the network. For binary classification, activation of the encoded features is used. The output from one decoder branch is used to segment the areas manipulated and from the other branch to reconstruct the input to boost overall efficiency. Experiments using FaceForensics and FaceForensics++ have shown the network's ability to deal with the flaws in the preceding attacks and to counter facial reenactment attacks. In addition, the network can deal with unknown attacks by fine-tuning just a limited amount of data.

- by Amr Abu-talleb
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- Computer Science, Computer Vision, Image Processing, Computer Forensics

The present work addresses the development of a test-bench for the embedded implementation, validity, and testing of the recently proposed Improved Elephant Herding Optimization (iEHO) algorithm, applied to the acoustic localization problem. The implemented methodology aims to corroborate the feasibility of applying iEHO in real-time applications on low complexity and low power devices, where three different electronic modules are used and tested. Swarm-based metaheuristic methods are usually examined by employing high-level languages on centralized computers, demonstrating their capability in finding global or good local solutions. This work considers iEHO implementation in C-language running on an embedded processor. Several random scenarios are generated, uploaded, and processed by the embedded processor to demonstrate the algorithm's effectiveness and the test-bench usability, low complexity, and high reliability. On the one hand, the results obtained in our test-bench are concordant with the high-level implementations using MatLab R in terms of accuracy. On the other hand, concerning the processing time and as a breakthrough, the results obtained over the test-bench allow to demonstrate a high suitability of the embedded iEHO implementation for real-time applications due to its low latency.

How does a person work out their location using a floorplan? It is probably safe to say that we do not explicitly measure depths to every visible surface and try to match them against different pose estimates in the floorplan. And yet, this is exactly how most robotic scan-matching algorithms operate. Similarly, we do not extrude the 2D geometry present in the floorplan into 3D and try to align it to the real-world. And yet, this is how most vision-based approaches localise. Humans do the exact opposite. Instead of depth, we use high level semantic cues. Instead of extruding the floorplan up into the third dimension, we collapse the 3D world into a 2D representation. Evidence of this is that many of the floorplans we use in everyday life are not accurate, opting instead for high levels of discriminative landmarks. In this work, we use this insight to present a global localisation approach that relies solely on the semantic labels present in the floorplan and extracted from RGB images. While our approach is able to use range measurements if available, we demonstrate that they are unnecessary as we can achieve results comparable to state-of-the-art without them.

- by Simon Hadfield and +1
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- Robotics, Computer Vision, Robot Vision, Localization
- by Luigi D'Alfonso
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- Robotics, Mobile Robotics, Localization (Computer Science), Kalman Filter

Asked to serve in an ongoing position as Editor for the International Review of Information Ethics, I join a team of seven editors for IRIE. "The IRIE is the official journal of the International Center for Information Ethics (ICIE). It envisions an international as well as intercultural discussion focusing on the ethical impacts of information technology on human practices and thinking, social interaction, other areas of science and research and the society itself."

- by Jared Bielby
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- Information Systems, Business Ethics, Comparative Religion, History

With the recent development of technology, wireless sensor networks are becoming an important part of many applications such as health and medical applications, military applications, agriculture monitoring, home and office applications, environmental monitoring, etc. Knowing the location of a sensor is important, but GPS receivers and sophisticated sensors are too expensive and require processing power. Therefore, the localization wireless sensor network problem is a growing field of interest. The aim of this paper is to give a comparison of wireless sensor network localization methods, and therefore, multidimensional scaling and semidefinite programming are chosen for this research. Multidimensional scaling is a simple mathematical technique widely-discussed that solves the wireless sensor networks localization problem. In contrast, semidefinite programming is a relatively new field of optimization with a growing use, although being more complex. In this paper, using extensive simulations, a detailed overview of these two approaches is given, regarding different network topologies, various network parameters and performance issues. The performances of both techniques are highly satisfactory and estimation errors are minimal.

- by Ruvan Weerasinghe and +1
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- Localization (Computer Science), I18n