Medicinal Plants for Antidiabetic Activities Research Papers (original) (raw)

The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and in-vitro substantiation of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity of Ficus palmata fruits. The fruits were extracted with methanol: water (4:1 v/v) and the extract obtained were further fractionated using n-butanol, ethylacetate, methanol and water. All the four fractions were phytochemically screened for presence of various phytochemical groups and evaluated for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity at different concentrations (50-500 g/ml). Phytochemical screening revealed highest number of different phytochemicals in the MeOH fraction followed by EtOAc and aqueous fractions. All the fractions exhibited inhibitory action against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in a concentration dependant manner. The highest inhibitory activities of BuOH, EtOAc, MeOH and aqueous fraction were recorded as 61.77, 85.41, 90.63, and 78.25% against α-amylase and 69.81, 86.39, 93.43, and 79.55 % against α-glucosidase respectively at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. Among all, methanol fraction recorded the best α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 166.91±2.73 and 118.73±0.67 g/ml respectively comparable to that of acarbose (154.87±2.33 and105.63±1.71 g/ml). The present study amply established the potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of F. palmata fruits. The highest inhibitory efficacy of methanol fraction of F. palmata fruit which may be due the presence of bioactive phytochemicals in higher concentration could be beneficially exploited in the treatment of Type2DM. However, isolation and characterization of specific chemical constituents responsible for the activity as well as in-vivo studies are needed for further affirmation.

Acne is a common disorder of pilosebaceous gland. It is a great
challenge for the dermatologist for its complexity, prevalence and
also huge range of clinical expression. Due to hormonal changes
99.5% of teenage boys and 83% of teenage girls are affected by acne
which may continue throughout adolescence. Now-a-days different
modern allopathic medicines viz., anti-inflammatory agents,
antibiotics and comedolytic agents are developed for treatment
purpose topically and systematically. But these have many side
effects. Prolonged and excessive use of antibiotics may develop
resistance in acne causing bacteria viz. Propionibacterium acne and
Staphylococcus epidermidis. So to give relief from acne problems
and also to minimize the side effects it is better to use herbal drugs
than allopathic drugs. This article describes about different plants
used starting from their name, their family, part used and active
constituents.

Medicinal plants have played an important role in treating and preventing a verity of diseases throughout the world. Bangladesh still depends on medicinal plants and most of them have general medicinal plants which are used for treating a verity of ailments. Cuscuta reflexa belongs to the family of Convolvulaceae. The aim of the resent study was to evaluate a comprehensive review on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Cuscuta reflexa. It has been investigated for hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, antitumor, wound healing, hypoglycemic, anti-HIV, diuretic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Many chemical constituents have been isolated from Cuscuta reflexa such as cuscutin, cuscutamine, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, amarbelin, β-sitosterol, ararbelin, luteolin, dulcitrol, cafferi acid.

Hyperlipidemia/ hyperlipoproteinemia, is the
condition of abnormally elevated levels of any or all
lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood. South Asian
countries have a high prevalence of hyperlipidemia
in line with their economic development. India, in
particular, has a high burden of Coronary heart
disease. The available anti hyperlipidemic drugs
have one or more side effects. Many plants have
antihyperlipidemic activity with no or less side
effects. Hence the present study was taken up to
investigate, the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the
stem bark of Boswellia ovalifoliolata (BO) in high fat
diet fed rats. Male wistar rats were given the
methanolic extract of stem bark of Boswellia
ovalifoliolata (MESBBO) at a dose of 200 mg/kg
body weight which significantly decreased the levels
of LDL-C, VLDL-C , TC and TG besides increasing
the HDL-C levels in HFD fed rats. The results
confirm the anti hyper lipidemic activity of
MESBBO. Further studies related to the active
principle isolation and its characterization are
needed. The results help in identifying BO as a
potential plant with antihyperlipidemic activity for
further use in treatment of humans with
hyperlipidemia after establishing its safety for use in
humans.

- by jyothi Kumar and +1
- •
- Medicinal Plants for Antidiabetic Activities

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Natural antioxidants due to their
radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation ability are considered as
possible protection against delayed wound healing in diabetic
condition.
The Aim of the Study: The objective of our study was to evaluate
the antidiabetic and wound healing activity of the leaf extract of
Catharanthus roseus L in mice.
Materials and Methods: The methanolic extract of leaf of
Catharanthus roseus L at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body
weight was induced through intraperitonial in mice. To create
wounds, a single full thickness 1.0 cm diameter superficial excision
was made on the mid-dorsum of each mouse. The measurement of
the wound diameter was taken on 1, 3, 7 and 10 days by using
transparency paper and permanent marker.
Results: The plant drugs increased the rate of wound contraction and
significantly decrease the glucose level in blood. The results were
compared with control group of mice that were kept on only saline
water. The wound closure was optimal at the dose of200 mg/kg body
weight. The extract of Catharanthus roseus L significantly increased
the wound contraction and formation of collagen fibres in the mice
compared with controls (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus L
significantly increases the wound contraction in mice that promises
to overcome the delayed wound healing in diabetic condition.

The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and in-vitro substantiation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory activity of the fruits of Ficus auriculata Lour. The fruits were first extracted with methanol: water (4:1) and the extract obtained was fractionated using n-butanol (BuOH), ethylacetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and water (Aqueous). All the four fractions were phytochemically screened for presence of various phytochemical groups. Different concentrations (50- 500 g/mL) of fractions were subjected to α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay and percentage inhibition as well as IC50 values were calculated. Phytochemical screening indicated highest number of different phytochemicals in the methanol fraction followed by EtOAc and aqueous fractions. All fractions exhibited inhibitory action against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in a concentration dependant manner. The BuOH, EtOAc, MeOH and aqueous fractions recorded 58.39, 78.98, 91.45, and 75.25 % inhibitory activities against α-amylase and 66.37, 84.66, 97.75, and 79.55 % against α-glucosidase at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, which is the highest among all tested doses. Among all, methanol fraction recorded the maximum α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 161.73±0.43 and 103.43±0.67 g/mL respectively comparable with that of acarbose (155.08±1.75 and 95.63±1.71 g/mL). The results have evidently shown F. auriculata fruits as potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. The enzyme inhibitory potentiality of the specific fraction of F. auriculata fruits could be beneficially exploited in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, characterization of specific phytoconstituents responsible for the activity as well as in vivo studies is needed for further confirmation.

The study was aimed at examining the constituents of essential oil of leaves and evaluation of phytochemical and antihyperglycemic effect of methanolic seed extracts of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. in Streptozotocin induced diabetes. Essential oil was extracted from E. ganitrus leaves by hydrodistillation and purified oil was subjected to GC-FID analysis Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of E. ganitrus seeds was carried out and antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract was evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The results revealed which showed the presence of altogether sixteen constituents. The methanolic seed extract of E. ganitrus exhibit potent antidiabetic activity comparable to the standard drug glybenclamide. The study led to the conclusion that methanolic extract of E. ganitrus seeds possess potent hypoglycemic activity.

Context: Kombucha from tea is reported to be beneficial for health. Moreover, it can be used as a hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antilipidemic agent and is capable of healing stomach ulcers. But kombucha from other herbal has not been studied, including kombucha from the mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) fruit. Aims: To evaluate the characteristics and the antidiabetic potential of kombucha herbal tea from R. mucronata fruit based on in vitro, chemistry, and physical analysis. Methods: This study was conducted by an experimental method using R. mucronata herbal tea as a kombucha drink with different sugar concentrations (10, 20, 30%) and fermentation time (7, 14, 21 days) with three replications on each experiment. The analyzed parameters were the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme for antidiabetic activity, total phenolics, total acids, and organoleptic characteristics. Results: The sugar concentration and fermentation time significantly affected the characteristics of the produced kombucha in inhibiting α-glucosidase. The optimum treatment in inhibition was at 10% sugar concentration and 14 days of fermentation time with IC50 of 33.95 ppm. The kombucha from R. mucronata fruit had a pH of 3.11 and contained a total phenolics of 19,679.82 mg GAE/100g, 0.52% of total acids, and was quite preferred by panelists. Conclusions: Kombucha herbal tea of R. mucronata fruit has the potential as an antidiabetic drink with a lower IC50 value than acarbose drug and commercial kombucha tea.

Abstract: Cardioprotective role of Commiphora wightii (guggul) were investigated by monitoring biochemical
parameters in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic male albino rats. The hyperlipidemic rats co-administered with
400mg/kg bw ethyl acetate extract of Commiphora wightii resins (EACWR) for 45 days. Enzymatic, non-enzymatic
antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, nitrate and inflammatory markers (CRP, COX, XO) were investigated.
Increased level of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, XO, CRP and COX whereas decreased level of SOD, CAT,
GSH, GPx, GR, nitrate level were observed in cardiac tissues of hyperlipidemic rats whereas restoration of above
parameters towards normalcy were found in EACWR treated hyperlipidemic rats. Improved endothelial lining and
cardiac function is attributed to enhance NO bioavailability due to EACWR treatment and represents a pharmacological
approach to prevent major complications associated with oxidative burden and inflammation as a result of
hyperlipidemia in cardiovascular disorders.
Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Cardiac disorders, Commiphora wightii

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of five water soluble zinc(II) complexes of (E)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)anilines (L 1-3) with the general formula [ZnX2L 1-3 ; X = Cl-, NO3-; (1-5)] are reported. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UVvisible, fluorescence, IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Efforts for getting single crystal suitable for X-ray crystal structure could not be achieved. However, from spectroscopic data, the complexes are proposed to adopt four coordinated tetrahedral and six coordinated octahedral geometry. All the complexes were obtained in moderate to good yields and these compounds behave as non-electrolytes in acetonitrile solution. UV-visible and fluorescence spectral study of complexes 1-5 indicate (intra-ligand) ligand to ligand charge transfer transition. The complexes were screened for their antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase enzyme and compared with standard drug acarbose. Complex 1 was found to exhibit effective antidiabetic activity among the tested compounds.

Resumen Context: Kombucha from tea is reported to be beneficial for health. Moreover, it can be used as a hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antilipidemic agent and is capable of healing stomach ulcers. But kombucha from other herbal has not been studied, including kombucha from the mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) fruit. Aims: To evaluate the characteristics and the antidiabetic potential of kombucha herbal tea from R. mucronata fruit based on in vitro, chemistry, and physical analysis. Methods: This study was conducted by an experimental method using R. mucronata herbal tea as a kombucha drink with different sugar concentrations (10, 20, 30%) and fermentation time (7, 14, 21 days) with three replications on each experiment. The analyzed parameters were the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme for antidiabetic activity, total phenolics, total acids, and organoleptic characteristics. Results: The sugar concentration and fermentation time significa...

Purpose: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the methanol extract and fractions of Anthocleista
vogelii stem bark.
Methods: The methanol extract of A. vogelii stem bark (ME) was subjected to gradient chromatographic
separation using four solvents - chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and water - to afford the respective
fractions - CF, EF, AF and WF. ME was administered orally to normoglycemic rats at 200 and 400
mg/kg and fasting blood glucose (FBG) monitored for 6 h. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were also
treated orally with ME and the various fractions (each at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), with glibenclamide
(0.2 mg/kg) and normal saline (2 ml/kg) serving as standard and control, respectively. ME and the
fractions were also subjected to phytochemical analysis following standard procedures.
Results: The extract possessed comparable hypoglycemic effect to glibenclamide in healthy rats. The
extract and its fractions also exhibited significant (p < 0.05) antidiabetic effect. ME, CF, EF, AF and WF
each at 400 mg/kg, produced maximum reduction (64.10, 38.53, 36.50, 60.77 and 12.79 %,
respectively) in FBG of the animals after 6 h, compared to 53.77 % for glibenclamide. Presence of
alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids,
tannins, proteins, fats and oils were observed in ME, EF and AF. Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids,
terpenoids, fats and oil were also detected in CF while WF showed the presence of carbohydrates,
glycosides, saponins and proteins.
Conclusion: This study establishes the antidiabetic activity of the stem bark of A. vogelii. The acetone
fraction is the most active antidiabetic fraction.

- by Stella Mesa
- •
- Medicinal Plants for Antidiabetic Activities

antidiabetic activity catalase Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Nuad. diabetes hypolipidemic activity L6 cell line lipid pancreas rutin a b s t r a c t Objective: Wild musk melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis, CMA) is one of the edible plants form Tamil Nadu. Traditionally, this plant was used as diabetic diet (leaves of CMA with Momordica charantia leaves), but there is no scientific report on antidiabetic action of this plant material. Hence, the current research work was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of CMA leaves (HALEC) in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NIC)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by administration of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) after 15 min of NIC (120 mg/kg i. p.) administration. The diabetic rats were treated with HALEC (300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) for 21 d. Results: After the management with HALEC, blood glucose, HbA1c levels, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol , triglycerides levels, glycogen phosphorylase and glucose-6-phosphatase levels were significantly diminished in diabetic rats. However, haemoglobin level, HDL cholesterol, liver glycogen, total protein, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were significantly increased in HALEC treated diabetic rats. The histopathological studies of the pancreas in HALEC-treated diabetic rats showed almost normal appearance. L6 cell line study revealed the increased glucose uptake activity of HALEC. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis confirms the presence of active principles such as rutin, gallic acid and quercetin in HALEC. Conclusion: The results indicated that HALEC possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipi-demic activity in STZ-NIC-induced type II diabetic rats with protective effect. This research work will be useful for the isolation of active principles and development of herbal formulation in phytopharmaceuticals.

- by GOPALASATHEESKUMAR K and +1
- •
- Pharmacology, Traditional Medicine, Diabetes, Ethnopharmacology

The aqueous extracts of Hibiscus calyphyllus (HcA), Hibiscus micranthus (HmA), and Hibiscus deflersii (HdA) growing in Saudi Arabia did not receive enough attention in phytochemical and biological studies. This inspired the authors to investigate the phytochemicals of these extracts for the first time using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in negative and positive ionization modes. The analysis afforded the tentative identification of 103 compounds including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Moreover, in vitro evaluations of their cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities were carried out. The results showed that aqueous extract of Hibiscus calyphyllus had the highest activity as an antioxidant agent (SC50 = 111 ± 1.5 μg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid (SC50 = 14.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL). MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic activity compared to cisplatin. Hibiscus deflersii showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against A-549 (human lung carcinoma) with IC50=50±5.1μg/mL, and Hibiscus micranthus showed a close effect with IC50 = 60.4 ± 1.7 μg/mL. Hibiscus micranthus showed the most potent effect on HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma) with IC50 = 56 ± 1.9 μg/mL compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 7.53 ± 3.8 μg/mL). HcA and HdA extracts showed weak cytotoxic activity against A-549 and HCT-116 cell lines compared to the other extracts. Eventually, Hibiscus deflersii showed astonishing antidiabetic (IC50=56±1.9μg/mL) and antiobesity (IC50=95.45±1.9μg/mL) activities using in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay (compared with acarbose (IC50 = 34.71 ± 0.7 μg/mL)) and pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay (compared with orlistat (IC50 = 23.8 ± 0.7 μg/mL)), respectively. In conclusion, these findings are regarded as the first vision of the phy- tochemical constituents and biological activities of different Hibiscus aqueous extracts. Hibiscus deflersii aqueous extract might be a hopeful origin of functional constituents with anticancer (on A-549 cell line), antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities. It might be a natural alternative remedy and nutritional policy for diabetes and obesity treatment without negative side effects. Isolation of the bioactive phytochemicals from the aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Hibiscus calyphyllus, Hibiscus micranthus, and Hibiscus deflersii and estimation of their biological effects are recommended in further studies.

Objective: Present study was aimed at examining the constituents of essential oil of leaves and evaluation of phytochemical and antihyperglycemic effect of methanolic seed extracts of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. in Streptozotocin induced diabetes. Methods: Essential oil was extracted from E. ganitrus leaves by hydrodistillation and purified oil was subjected to GC-FID analysis Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of E. ganitrus seeds was carried out and antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract was evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Results: The results revealed which showed the presence of altogether sixteen constituents. The methanolic seed extract of E. ganitrus exhibit potent antidiabetic activity comparable to the standard drug glybenclamide. Conclusion : It can be concluded from the study that methanolic extract of E. ganitrus seeds possess potent hypoglycemic activity.

The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and practice of medical professionals in Shaheed Suhrawardy medical college hospital, Dhaka on hospital waste management. Total 105 respondents were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents was (38.10±10.857) years. About 72.4% was female and 89.5% of respondents were Muslim. Mean years of schooling of the respondents was (11.70±7.846) years and mean income of the respondents was (31914.29±25361.28) tk. About 36.19% was nurses, 28.57% of the respondents were doctors and 35.24% was cleaner. Mean professional experience of the respondents was (12.69±10.92) years. All the respondents had knowledge about hospital waste. About 99% of the respondents had knowledge about sharpe waste, pathological waste, liquid waste and general waste. About 99% respondents collected hospital waste in specific color container and 98.08% had knowledge about waste disposal. Near about 97.1% of the respondent's practices of waste disposal was dumping and 99% of them practices incineration as waste disposal. Among them, 92.7% respondents told that the best procedure of waste disposal is dumping. About 98.1% of the respondents had very good knowledge and (94.2%) of them had very good practices. All of the respondents told it was essential to have knowledge about waste disposal. About 45.1% of the respondents told that the source of information about waste disposal was advocacy and seminar, seminar and training. We found satisfactory knowledge and practices of hospital waste management among the study population. If this level of knowledge and practices are available in every hospital of Bangladesh, both patients and medical professionals will be safe from unwanted infections.