Pain Assessment Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The effects of Seal-In X5 and Dermo liner (Össur) on suspension and patient's comfort in lower limb amputees are unclear. In this report, we consider the case of a 51-yr-old woman with bilateral transtibial amputation whose lower limbs... more

Pain is a primary symptom in musculoskeletal conditions, and aspects of the pain experience (eg, severity) are key considerations in clinical decision-making and in the outcome of trials and interventions. Consequently, appropriate... more

Pain is a primary symptom in musculoskeletal conditions, and aspects of the pain experience (eg, severity) are key considerations in clinical decision-making and in the outcome of trials and interventions. Consequently, appropriate assessment of pain is essential. This article reviews the measures most commonly used in rheumatology practice, arguing that many are significantly limited in their ability to reflect the complexity of the patient's experience. The authors provide examples of alternative approaches, concluding that there is real scope for improving assessment and measurement of musculoskeletal pain in the clinical setting.

Welfare assessment requires a wide range of measures as there are many ways in which individuals cope with the environment in which they live. Welfare can be good or poor so the measures of behavior, physiology, brain function, immune... more

Welfare assessment requires a wide range of measures as there are many ways in which individuals cope with the environment in which they live. Welfare can be good or poor so the measures of behavior, physiology, brain function, immune system function, injury etc. must provide information about positive and negative states. Measures of feelings and of health are of particular importance. Behaviors such as stereotypies, lack of or abnormal responsiveness, and excessive aggression are direct indicators of poor welfare. They are especially important when the welfare problems are of long duration. In addition, the behavior of animals is also needed to interpret other welfare measures such as adrenal cortex activity and some aspects of brain function. Glucocorticoids and heart-rate are useful indicators of short-term welfare problems. Acute phase proteins, immune system measures and pathology indicators provide information about welfare in the longer term. In most scientific studies of animal welfare, a combination of behavioral and other measures is needed. The strengths of preferences of animals, for or against resources or environmental impacts give information about needs. They are best indicated, using the methodology of microeconomics, by indices of demand, such as the consumer surplus, that are assessed using behavioral experimental studies.

Pain is the distress feeling, most commonly encountered in diseases, which accompanies from an early age and it is one of the important aspects of determining the level of well-being of animals. Pain is more complex in animals and it can... more

Pain is the distress feeling, most commonly encountered in diseases, which accompanies from an early age and it is one of the important aspects of determining the level of well-being of animals. Pain is more complex in animals and it can rather difficult to determine the seriousness and impact of painful events. Hence, we have to identify the signs of pain in animals consistent with indirect markers which involve behavioral, physiological, and at last clinical responses. Moreover, specifically, the behavioral changes related to pain will be together with the overall signs also species-specific and hardly recognizable especially for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant which makes pain assessment even more complicated. The veterinarians have an ethical responsibility to assist in alleviate the animal pain. Although most veterinarians accept the actual fact that animals feel pain, still, post-operative pain relief isn't a routine practice in veterinary hospitals and clinics today the feeling and assessment of pain are subjective. The assessment of pain and also the documentation of the effectiveness of any interventions are fundamental principles of successful pain management. The most important aim is pain management while efforts are made to spot and treat the underlying disease and to reinforce healing and recovery. Adequate management of acute pain may additionally prevent the event of chronic pain.

Opiates are prescribed for the treatment of acute, terminal, or chronic non-terminal pain. The use and potential abuse of prescription opiates have become widespread, and physicians increasingly encounter patients with a history of opiate... more

Opiates are prescribed for the treatment of acute, terminal, or chronic non-terminal pain. The use and potential abuse of prescription opiates have become widespread, and physicians increasingly encounter patients with a history of opiate use. Prevention, assessment, and treatment of post-operative pain are challenges for health providers and systems. Strategies such as a multimodal pain management approach may be particularly beneficial for improving postoperative pain management in both chronic opioid users and unhabituated patients.

The effects of Seal-In X5 and Dermo liner (Össur) on suspension and patient's comfort in lower limb amputees are unclear. In this report, we consider the case of a 51-yr-old woman with bilateral transtibial amputation whose lower limbs... more

The objective of this study was to assess cortisol and behaviour changes in calves hot-iron disbudded after different analgesic protocols with carprofen. We assessed the response of calves (n=27) at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after disbudding... more

The objective of this study was to assess cortisol and behaviour changes in calves hot-iron disbudded after different analgesic protocols with carprofen. We assessed the response of calves (n=27) at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after disbudding with local anaesthesia (DA), local anaesthesia plus carprofen (DAC), disbudded only (D) or sham-disbudded (ND). Immediately after the procedure, pain-related behaviours were more frequent in D than in any other group. At 1 h cortisol was higher in D compared with all other groups. At 3 h ND showed lower cortisol than all other groups but these did not differ from their own baseline levels. At 1 h D showed more head-shakes, ear-flicks and head-rubs than all other groups. Groups D (3 h) and DA (3 and 6 h) showed more ear-flicks and head-rubs compared with DAC and ND. Head-rubbing, head-shaking and ear-flicking are useful behaviours for evaluating pain but quick transition from standing to lying is not a reliable behaviour to assess pain after hot-iron disbudding. In conclusion, hot-iron disbudding causes pain in calves for at least 3 hours and only the association of local anaesthesia with carprofen efficiently controls pain for 24 hours.

ObjectiveTo evaluate smartphone apps intended for self-management of pain using quality assessment criteria and usability testing with prospective users.To evaluate smartphone apps intended for self-management of pain using quality... more

ObjectiveTo evaluate smartphone apps intended for self-management of pain using quality assessment criteria and usability testing with prospective users.To evaluate smartphone apps intended for self-management of pain using quality assessment criteria and usability testing with prospective users.Design1) Survey and content analysis of available apps; and 2) individual usability study of two apps.1) Survey and content analysis of available apps; and 2) individual usability study of two apps.SettingUniversity of Leeds, United Kingdom.University of Leeds, United Kingdom.ParticipantsForty-one participants (aged 19–59 years) with experience of chronic or recurrent pain episodes.Forty-one participants (aged 19–59 years) with experience of chronic or recurrent pain episodes.MethodsWe undertook a survey, content analysis, and quality appraisal of all currently available mobile phone apps for self-management of pain. Two apps were then selected and assessed with usability testing.We undertook a survey, content analysis, and quality appraisal of all currently available mobile phone apps for self-management of pain. Two apps were then selected and assessed with usability testing.ResultsTwelve apps met the inclusion criteria. The quality assessment revealed wide variation in their clinical content, interface design, and usability to support self-management of pain. Very little user or clinician involvement was identified in the development of the apps. From the usability testing, participants stated a preference for an interface design employing a lighter color scheme and particular text font. Although very few participants were aware of pain-reporting apps prior to participation, many would consider use in the future.Twelve apps met the inclusion criteria. The quality assessment revealed wide variation in their clinical content, interface design, and usability to support self-management of pain. Very little user or clinician involvement was identified in the development of the apps. From the usability testing, participants stated a preference for an interface design employing a lighter color scheme and particular text font. Although very few participants were aware of pain-reporting apps prior to participation, many would consider use in the future.ConclusionsVariation in app quality and a lack of user and clinician engagement in development were found across the pain apps in this research. Usability testing identified a range of user preferences. Although useful information was obtained, it would be beneficial to involve users earlier in the process of development, as well as establishing ways to merge end user requirements with evidence-based content, to provide high-quality and usable apps for self-management of pain.Variation in app quality and a lack of user and clinician engagement in development were found across the pain apps in this research. Usability testing identified a range of user preferences. Although useful information was obtained, it would be beneficial to involve users earlier in the process of development, as well as establishing ways to merge end user requirements with evidence-based content, to provide high-quality and usable apps for self-management of pain.

The aim of this study is to determine the social impact of oral and facial pain in a sample involving an industrial population. Out of a total of 355 subjects interviewed, nearly one-half claimed to have oral and facial pain in the... more

The aim of this study is to determine the social impact of oral and facial pain in a sample involving an industrial population. Out of a total of 355 subjects interviewed, nearly one-half claimed to have oral and facial pain in the previous one month prior to the survey. The most common type of pain was that related to hot or cold fluids or sweet things followed by toothache. On the average, the pain lasted for 4.2 days (SD = 4.9) per person in the past one-month. About one in five persons with pain reported that it was severe enough to disrupt sleep. About one in ten persons reporting pain had to take sick leave because of the pain. However, only one in four persons with pain consulted a doctor or dentist. More than one-third tried to cope with the pain and did nothing while the rest tried various means of self-cure. It is therefore postulated that in this population, pain per se is a poor predictor of utilisation of dental services. Further research into pain coping behaviour and how this affects of pattern of utilisation of dental services is indicated in order to formulate a strategy to encourage the habit of seeking prompt dental care by the target population.

In this design case, a team developed a 3D interactive simulation for nursing students and professional nurses to train and practice pain assessment and management procedures. In the simulation environment, the trainees interact with... more

In this design case, a team developed a 3D interactive simulation for nursing students and professional nurses to train and practice pain assessment and management procedures. In the simulation environment, the trainees interact with three emotionally expressive animated patients. The three patients vary in their ethnicity, age, and emotion intensity. Successful completion of the scenario requires that the trainee perform of a series of pain assessment and management tasks. The trainee is evaluated on the efficiency and appropriate sequencing of the tasks. The purpose of this paper is to describe the decisions made regarding the type of virtual patients used, the clickable objects, the pain assessment interview protocol, the visual representations in the simulation and the web portal. The paper also provides insight into the processes and steps taken during the design and development phases of this 3D interactive simulation including: the tasks analyses, motion capture, validation...

Management of postoperative pain in children being under-recognized and as a result undertreated for the long period of time. Use of the precise and valid methods for the pain assessment in children is necessary for the following pain... more

Management of postoperative pain in children being under-recognized and as a result
undertreated for the long period of time. Use of the precise and valid methods for the
pain assessment in children is necessary for the following pain management.
Articles in English on the corresponding theme were reviewed (literature search for the
period from 1978 to 2018 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar). Data
from 39 articles were used, key statements of these were synthesized and described in
this article.
The latest methods of pain assessment have been described and summarized in
this article depending on the age of a child and his/her status of consciousness and
ventilation. Different scales utilize different information for the pain assessment, but the
validity of them was shown in the studies. All these methods should be used in routine
clinical practice and guide the pain management throughout the patient’s stay in the
hospital.
In a large prospective study it was shown that the pain level depends not only on
the volume of trauma after the operation, but also the localization and character of
procedure, so even more traumatic operation can cause more pain. That shows a
relevance of the pain management according to the score of different pain scales.
We also tried to utilize in tables recent data from guidelines on the pain management
in children and group them according to the level of postoperative pain.
Key words: Pain, Postoperative; Pain, Assessment; Children; Pain management.