Respiratory Disease Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Sinus headache, sinusitis, and migraine are phenotypic diagnoses frequently elaborated by otolaryngologists, neurologists, and primary care general practitioners under different per-spectives. These conditions present with very similar... more

Sinus headache, sinusitis, and migraine are phenotypic diagnoses frequently elaborated by otolaryngologists, neurologists, and primary care
general practitioners under different per-spectives. These conditions present with very similar phenotypes that are investigated, diagnosed, and
treated according to the physician’s perspective. Some patients present fluid phenotypes that sometimes appear to be one condition and, sometimes, another condition. Due to the similarity of the phenotypes, a multidisciplinary approach is highly recommendable. To prescribe an adequate treatment, defining the endotypes responsible for the phenotypes is essential. The role of hypersensitivity conditions is better understood, especially the role of non-IgE-mediated hyper-sensitivities. The eosinophil is a typical type II Gell and Coombs hypersensitivity marker. However, it is not the sole one. Personalized approaches to identify non–IgE-mediated hyper-sensitivities dwelt in the in vivo and ex vivo provocation tests. A suggestion from an allergologist to colleagues from other specialties is to ensure, at least, a minimum investigation for allergic eti-ology in patients complaining of sinus headaches and/or migraines. This approach aims pre-scribing proper eviction measures and curative treatments, such as one of the several available presentations of allergen-specific, multiallergen group-specific, or allergoid immunotherapies. Here, the author provides the perspective of an allergologist updating an immunological point of view under the premises of IgE-mediated and non–IgE-mediated hypersensitivities.

Adeline Salim, and Stephen Gordon, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK; Tapiwa Bwakura, Department of Medicine, Harare, Zimbabwe; and Narcisius Dzvanga, Department of Medicine, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Correspondence to: Dr Stephen... more

Adeline Salim, and Stephen Gordon, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK; Tapiwa Bwakura, Department of Medicine, Harare, Zimbabwe; and Narcisius Dzvanga, Department of Medicine, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Correspondence to: Dr Stephen Gordon, Liverpool School of T ropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK. Email: sbgordon@liverpool.ac.uk

The need for high-affinity, SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is critical in the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic, as such reagents can have important diagnostic, research, and therapeutic applications. Of greatest... more

The need for high-affinity, SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is critical in the face of the global COVID-19 pandemic, as such reagents can have important diagnostic, research, and therapeutic applications. Of greatest interest is the ~ 300 amino acid receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S1 subunit of the spike protein because of its key interaction with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor present on many cell types, especially lung epithelial cells. We report here the development and functional characterization of 29 nM-affinity mouse SARS-CoV-2 mAbs created by an accelerated immunization and hybridoma screening process. Differing functions, including binding of diverse protein epitopes, viral neutralization, impact on RBD-hACE2 binding, and immunohistochemical staining of infected lung tissue, were correlated with variable gene usage and sequence.

The Wallemiomycetes includes three species of molds from the genus Wallemia . These fungi are adapted to environments of high osmotic stress, contaminate various foods, cause respiratory disease, and have an unusual mode of asexual... more

The Wallemiomycetes includes three species of molds from the genus Wallemia . These fungi are adapted to environments of high osmotic stress, contaminate various foods, cause respiratory disease, and have an unusual mode of asexual reproduction. Wallemia was recently proposed as a new class based on 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences to accommodate the isolated position of the clade in the Basidiomycota. We analyzed the phylogenetic position of the Wallemiomycetes using 3451 nucleotide characters of the 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes and 1282 amino acid positions of rpb1, rpb2, and tef1 nuclear protein-coding genes across 91 taxa. Different gene regions and methods of phylogenetic inference produce mildly conflicting placements of the Wallemiomycetes. Parsimony analyses of nrDNA data suggest that the Wallemiomycetes is an early diverging lineage of Basidiomycota, occupying a basal position near the Entorrhizomycetidae. Ultrastructural data, some Bayesian analyses, and amino ac...

‌Background: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a paranasal sinus inflammatory disease and is divided into two subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSwNP displays a T helper (Th)2 biased... more

‌Background: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a paranasal sinus inflammatory disease and is divided into two subgroups defined as CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). CRSwNP displays a T helper (Th)2 biased phenotype, and based on sensitivity or tolerance to aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), are further subdivided into Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and non-AERD groups. Considering the challenge of diagnosis and treatment in patients with CRSwNP, particularly the AERD subtype, and the significance of endotyping in these patients, we examined the immune profile and endotyping based on gene expression analysis in AERD and non-AERD groups of patients with CRSwNP. Material and Method: In this study, 21 patients were enrolled and were categorized into AERD (N=10) and non-AERD (N=11) groups based on their sensitivity to aspirin. After the special washing period, nasal polyps were biopsied in both groups, and the infil...

Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in... more

Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in hospitalisation between immigrants and the resident population during the year 2000 in the Lazio region. Hospital admissions of immigrants from Less Developed Countries were compared to those of residents. We measured differences in hospitalisation rates and proportions admitted. Adult immigrants have lower hospitalisation rates than residents (134.6 vs. 160.5 per thousand population for acute care; 26.4 vs. 38.3 for day care). However, hospitalisation rates for some specific causes (injuries, particularly for men, infectious diseases, deliveries and induced abortions, ill-defined conditions) were higher for immigrants than for residents. Immigrants under 18 years seem to be generally healthy; causes of admission in this group are similar to those of residents...

Pulmonary hypertension with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance is a common cardiovascular complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Injury to the developing pulmonary... more

Pulmonary hypertension with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance is a common cardiovascular complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with chronic lung disease. Injury to the developing pulmonary circulation results in structural and functional abnormalities of the pulmonary vasculature. Animal studies have demonstrated that disruption of angiogenesis may contribute to the failure of normal alveolarisation in chronic lung disease. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are lower in infants with chronic lung disease compared to preterm controls. Supplemental oxygen is commonly used to prevent and treat pulmonary hypertension, although optimal arterial oxygen saturation levels remain uncertain. Other vasodilators such as inhaled nitric oxide appear promising, but as yet have not been evaluated in the form of randomised controlled trials. Further studies are required to investigate the long‐term effectivene...

Respiratory diseases can cause considerable disability in the elderly because of their limited respiratory reserve as a result of ageing. We have investigated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in elderly Chinese in Hong... more

Respiratory diseases can cause considerable disability in the elderly because of their limited respiratory reserve as a result of ageing. We have investigated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in elderly Chinese in Hong Kong and compared these data with those in elderly Caucasian populations. Two thousand and thirty two (999 male and 1,033 female) subjects, selected by age-stratified random sampling from a register of Hong Kong residents aged 70 yrs and over were interviewed to complete a respiratory questionnaire. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured in 195 subjects. At least one respiratory symptom was reported by 56% of subjects. The most frequently reported symptoms were morning phlegm (26%), chronic cough with phlegm (10%) and wheeze in the past 12 months (8%). Of the self-reported diseases, the commonest was chronic bronchitis (7%), followed by asthma (5%), pulmonary tuberculosis (3%) and emphysema (2%). Of the 218 subjects with obstructive airway ...

To assess the presentation of allergic fungal sinusitis and describe the line of management in our setup. Descriptive study. Study was conducted in Otorhinolaryngology Department, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, from... more

To assess the presentation of allergic fungal sinusitis and describe the line of management in our setup. Descriptive study. Study was conducted in Otorhinolaryngology Department, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2004 to January 2005. Culture and sensitivity / fungal stain proven 20 cases of allergic fungal sinusitis were selected for the study, irrespective of age and gender. Data including age, gender, socioeconomic status, signs, symptoms, laboratory findings (especially Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil count) and imaging studies (Computed Tomography and /or Magnetic Resonance Imaging) were noted for the study. Pre and postoperative medical treatment, surgery performed, follow-up; residual/recurrence disease and revised surgery performed were also recorded. In this series, allergic fungal sinusitis was a disease of younger age group with an average age of 20.75 years with male dominance (70%). Poor socioeconomic status (80%), allergic rhinitis (100%) a...

Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in... more

Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in hospitalisation between immigrants and the resident population during the year 2000 in the Lazio region. Hospital admissions of immigrants from Less Developed Countries were compared to those of residents. We measured differences in hospitalisation rates and proportions admitted. Adult immigrants have lower hospitalisation rates than residents (134.6 vs. 160.5 per thousand population for acute care; 26.4 vs. 38.3 for day care). However, hospitalisation rates for some specific causes (injuries, particularly for men, infectious diseases, deliveries and induced abortions, ill-defined conditions) were higher for immigrants than for residents. Immigrants under 18 years seem to be generally healthy; causes of admission in this group are similar to those of residents...

سابقه و اهداف: امروزه، تقویت مهارتهای تفکر نقاد به عنوان جز مهمی از عملکرد اعضای تیم سالمت در نظر گرفته می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه، بیان تجربه آموزش تفکر نقاد در دوره پزشکی عمومی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه در طی... more

سابقه و اهداف: امروزه، تقویت مهارتهای تفکر نقاد به عنوان جز مهمی از عملکرد اعضای تیم سالمت در نظر گرفته می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه، بیان تجربه آموزش تفکر نقاد در دوره پزشکی عمومی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران است.
روش بررسی: این مطالعه در طی سالهای 1394 تا 1396 انجام شد. ابتدا کارگروهی متشکل از صاحبنظران تشکیل گردید. سپس برنامه آموزشی با حضور جمعی از اساتید گروههای علوم پایه و بالینی و تعدادی از دانشجویان در کارگاه 7 ساعته مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفت. در ادامه، پایلوت مراحل اجرایی پیشنویس انجام شد. در نهایت برنامه برای دانشجویان ورودی 1394در چهار نیم‌سال تحصیلی در دوره علوم پایه برگزار شد. برای تعیین میزان رضایت از برنامه آموزشی، فرم‌های رضایت‌سنجی در انتهای دوره آموزشی تکمیل شد.

To investigate the epidemiology and factors associated with the severity of viral acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children hospitalized in Manaus, Amazonas, in 2017 to 2018. Retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized... more

To investigate the epidemiology and factors associated with the severity of viral acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children hospitalized in Manaus, Amazonas, in 2017 to 2018. Retrospective cohort study of children hospitalized at the Hospital and Emergency Room Delphina Rinaldi Abdel Aziz, in Manaus, from April 01, 2017 to August 31, 2018, with a clinical diagnosis of ALRI and nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for at least 1 respiratory virus. One hundred forty-six children aged 0.2 to 66 months (median 7 months) were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the disease severity classified by an adapted Walsh et al score: moderate disease, score 0-4, n = 66 (45.2%) and severe disease, score 5-7, n = 80 (54.8%). A greater number of viral ALRI cases were observed in the rainiest months. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most prevalent (n = 103, 70.3%), followed by metapneumovirus (n = 24, 16.4%), influenza virus (n = 17, 11.6%), parainfluenza virus (n = 11, 7.5%), and adenovirus (n = 4, 2.7%). Co-detections of 2 to 3 viruses were found in 12 (8.2%) patients. The presence of viral coinfection was an independent risk factor for disease severity (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.10-2.14). Twelve patients (8.2%) died, all with severe disease. Risk factors for death were shock (adjusted RR 10.09; 95% CI 2.31-43.90) and need for vasoactive drugs (adjusted RR 10.63; 95% CI 2.44-46.31). There was a higher incidence of viral ALRI in Manaus in the rainy season. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most prevalent virus. The presence of viral coinfection was an independent risk factor for disease severity.

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine consisting of a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus lacking the E gene (rSARS-CoV-ΔE) were studied using hamsters. Hamsters immunized... more

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine consisting of a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus lacking the E gene (rSARS-CoV-ΔE) were studied using hamsters. Hamsters immunized with rSARS-CoV-ΔE developed high serum-neutralizing antibody titers and were protected from replication of homologous (SARS-CoV Urbani) and heterologous (GD03) SARS-CoV in the upper and lower respiratory tract. rSARS-CoV-ΔE-immunized hamsters remained active following wild-type virus challenge, while mock-immunized hamsters displayed decreased activity. Despite being attenuated in replication in the respiratory tract, rSARS-CoV-ΔE is an immunogenic and efficacious vaccine in hamsters.

The Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recently held a workshop to identify gaps in our understanding and treatment of childhood lung diseases and to define strategies to enhance... more

The Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recently held a workshop to identify gaps in our understanding and treatment of childhood lung diseases and to define strategies to enhance translational research in this field. Leading experts with diverse experience in both laboratory and patient‐oriented research reviewed selected areas of pediatric lung diseases, including perinatal programming and epigenetic influences; mechanisms of lung injury, repair, and regeneration; pulmonary vascular disease (PVD); sleep and control of breathing; and the application of novel translational methods to enhance personalized medicine. This report summarizes the proceedings of this workshop and provides recommendations for emphasis on targeted areas for future investigation. The priority areas identified for research in pediatric pulmonary diseases included: (1) epigenetic and environmental influences on lung development that program pediatric lung diseases, ...

Background: Review of the literature suggests that anxiety is more common among patients with asthma than among the general population, yet it does not appear to be given the attention it deserves as part of the overall management of... more

Background: Review of the literature suggests that anxiety is more common among patients with asthma than among the general population, yet it does not appear to be given the attention it deserves as part of the overall management of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and asthma management, in terms of Global Initiative for Asthma steps, lung function and medication. Methods: A total of 201 consecutive patients with respiratory physician-diagnosed asthma were recruited from an adult outpatient asthma clinic. Participants underwent a sociodemographic review, and a medical interview which included a detailed drug history. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) values were recorded using a Micro Medical® portable spirometer. The level of anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: A total of 51.5% of participants registered clinically significant levels of anxiety. Of these only...