Tomato Bacterial Wilt Research Papers (original) (raw)

Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. e causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to... more

Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. e causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to survive in soil for many years without a host. Five bacterial wilt resistant eggplant (Solanum melongena) rootstock lines were evaluated by challenge inoculation and were found to show different levels of wilt incidence. Grafts of eggplant made on two rootstocks (S0004 and Surya) recorded reduced incidence of bacterial wilt (10 to 40%) during greenhouse evaluation while in nongrafted seedlings, the wilt incidence was 80 to 100%. Field evaluation of eggplant grafts made on Solanum torvum (Turkey berry), S0004, and Surya reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt compared to nongrafted seedlings. e lowest wilt incidence (0 and 15-40%) was observed in the field evaluations where S. torvum was used as rootstock, while the nongrafted control recorded 93-100% wilt. Tomato seedlings grafted on S. torvum, Surya, and S0004 recorded very low bacterial wilt incidence (0 to 15%) under greenhouse evaluation while the nongrafted seedlings recorded 80 to 100% wilt. Reduced bacterial wilt incidence (23 to 40%) was observed in grafts of polyhouse-grown tomato hybrid (GS-600) made on S. torvum while the nongrafted seedlings were severely affected (80 to 100%) in evaluation trials conducted for two years. From this study, it is evident that grafting of susceptible eggplant and tomato on resistant rootstocks, viz., S. torvum and Surya, could be a promising strategy in bacterial wilt management.

Bacterial wilt, caused by strains belonging to the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, inflicts severe economic losses in many crops worldwide. Host resistance remains the most effective control strategy against this disease. However,... more

Bacterial wilt, caused by strains belonging to the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, inflicts severe economic losses in many crops worldwide. Host resistance remains the most effective control strategy against this disease. However, wilt resistance is often overcome due to the considerable variation among pathogen strains. To help breeders circumvent this problem, we assembled a worldwide collection of 30 accessions of tomato, eggplant and pepper (Core-TEP), most of which are commonly used as sources of resistance to R. solanacearum or for mapping quantitative trait loci. The Core-TEP lines were challenged with a core collection of 12 pathogen strains (Core-Rs2) representing the phylogenetic diversity of R. solanacearum. We observed six interaction phenotypes, from highly susceptible to highly resistant. Intermediate phenotypes resulted from the plants' ability to tolerate latent infections (i.e., bacterial colonization of vascular elements with limited or no wilting). The...

inger wilt, caused by a bacterium known as Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, is the most limiting factor in the production of culinary gin- ger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Hawaii. The disease was responsible for a 45 percent... more

inger wilt, caused by a bacterium known as Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, is the most limiting factor in the production of culinary gin- ger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in Hawaii. The disease was responsible for a 45 percent statewide production loss of the ginger crop in 1993. It is a complex and dif- ficult disease to control, infecting the ginger crop

The estimation of genetic variability in a germplasm bank is important not only for the conservation of the genetic resources, but also for applications in plant breeding. The genetic divergence among 78 tomato accessions was studied,... more

The estimation of genetic variability in a germplasm bank is important not only for the conservation of the genetic resources, but also for applications in plant breeding. The genetic divergence among 78 tomato accessions was studied, based on 74 RAPD markers. Also, a correlation between the molecular profile and 27 morphological and agronomic data was performed. Cluster analysis (UPGMA), used to study the data, resulted in 13 groups that were correlated with five descriptors (growth habit, leaf type, fruit color, locule number, and fruit shape). Some groups had particularities, such as group IV that assembled accessions with pear shape fruits; group VII, that clustered accessions with bacterial wilt resistance, and group IX, that gathered accessions with potato leaf type. Bootstrap analysis revealed few consistent clusters. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between the matrixes generated out of qualitative and molecular data (t = 14.02). Mantel's correlation was highly significant, but with a low value (r = 0.39), which suggests that for a wise use of the germplasm bank accessions, both characterization, molecular and morphoagronomic, should be carried out.

Characterization of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of potato bacterial wilt disease from Nepal and Thailand was performed based on pathogenicity, biochemical/physiological and serological tests. Fifteen R.... more

Characterization of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of potato bacterial wilt disease from Nepal and Thailand was performed based on pathogenicity, biochemical/physiological and serological tests. Fifteen R. solanacearum strains isolated from wilt infected potato plants and tubers grown in Nepal were characterized as race 3, biovar II based on the pathogenicity on different host plants, hypersensitive re action

Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement... more

Increased productivity of potatoes can improve the livelihood of smallholder potato farmers in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia and is required to meet the growing demand. This paper investigates the opportunities for potato system improvement that could result in improved productivity. Through a diagnosis of the potato systems in the three countries on the basis of surveys and stakeholder workshops, seed potato quality management, bacterial wilt control, late blight control and soil fertility management were identified as key technical intervention topics. For effective problem solving in these areas, the functioning of the potato innovation system requires improvement to better deliver the functions of potato marketing as well as knowledge development and information exchange. With use of a ‘system failure framework’ the shortcomings of the potato innovation system are identified and discussed and options for improvement are suggested.

Plant pathogenic bacteria are single- celled, usually rod-shaped organisms that re p roduce at an extraordinarily high rate by b i n a ry fission. (In binary fission, the pare n t cell divides to form two similar daughter cells, which... more

Plant pathogenic bacteria are single- celled, usually rod-shaped organisms that re p roduce at an extraordinarily high rate by b i n a ry fission. (In binary fission, the pare n t cell divides to form two similar daughter cells, which also divide to form two more cells each, and so on.) Most bacteria have rigid cell walls, and some

Bacterial wilt incidence was reduced by 38.1% and 100% in silicon-treated plants of the moderately resistant tomato genotype King Kong 2 and the resistant genotype Hawaii 7998 grown in peat substrate. At 5 days post inoculation the... more

Bacterial wilt incidence was reduced by 38.1% and 100% in silicon-treated plants of the moderately resistant tomato genotype King Kong 2 and the resistant genotype Hawaii 7998 grown in peat substrate. At 5 days post inoculation the bacterial population was significantly reduced in stems and roots of genotype Hawaii 7998, and in stems of King Kong 2 in silicon-treated plants compared to non-treated plants, indicating a silicon-induced resistance, since silicon accumulated in roots, but not in stems, while a tolerance effect was observed in the susceptible genotype L390. Characterization of possible molecular mechanisms involved in silicon-mediated resistance by immuno-histochemical analysis of stem cell walls indicated silicon-induced changes in the pectic polysaccharide structure. After infection homogalacturonan with non-blockwise degradation of methyl-esters was increased in vessel walls in non-silicon-treated plants, but not in silicon-treated plants, possibly indicating the acti...

The bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum biovar I was introduced to Cairns in north Queensland in 1989 on Heliconia plants imported from Hawaii. It was identified as a strain of race 2, the causal agent of Moko disease of bananas. Rapid... more

The bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum biovar I was introduced to Cairns in north Queensland in 1989 on Heliconia plants imported from Hawaii. It was identified as a strain of race 2, the causal agent of Moko disease of bananas. Rapid quarantine action to attempt to eradicate the organism involved destruction of imported plants, treatment of infested sites and restrictions on movement

Plants are equipped with a range of defence mech- anisms against herbivorous insects. In cruciferous species, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene along with glucosinolates and their hydrolysis prod- ucts play important roles in... more

Plants are equipped with a range of defence mech- anisms against herbivorous insects. In cruciferous species, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene along with glucosinolates and their hydrolysis prod- ucts play important roles in plant protection and plant- insect communication. In turn, a number of herbivores have adapted to plants that contain glucosinolates. As a result of adaptation to their

espanolLas enfermedades del tomate causadas por Meloidogyne incognita, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, y Ralstonia solanacearum preocupan a nivel mundial por las perdidas economicas debido a danos en el cultivo o al costo de las... more

espanolLas enfermedades del tomate causadas por Meloidogyne incognita, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, y Ralstonia solanacearum preocupan a nivel mundial por las perdidas economicas debido a danos en el cultivo o al costo de las medidas de control. El desarrollo de variedades resistentes reduce el uso de plaguicidas, siendo fundamental disponer de germoplasma caracterizado morfologica, molecular y agronomicamente. En la presente investigacion se planteo validar el uso de los marcadores moleculares CARMi-23F/Mi-23R; At2-F3/At2-R3; I-2/5F/I-2/5R; P7-43DF3/P7-43DR1; P7-43DF1/P7-43DR1; TSCARaatF/R y TSCARaagF/R, asociados a los genes de resistencia Mi-1.2, I-1, I-2, I-3 y TRSR-1, para caracterizar 144 materiales que incluyeron Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum var cerasiforme, S. pimpinellifolium, S. neorickii, S. habrochaites, y familias avanzadas F3 de cruces de silvestres por una variedad tradicional, con fines de mejoramiento. Utilizando el marcador asociado al gen d...

The genetic nature of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato was studied in two crosses based on the number of days of survival (quantitative) in the field before the appearance of wilt symptoms. Significant differences were observed between... more

The genetic nature of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato was studied in two crosses based on the number of days of survival (quantitative) in the field before the appearance of wilt symptoms. Significant differences were observed between generation means in both ...

Bacterial wilt incidence was reduced by 38.1% and 100% in silicon-treated plants of the moderately resistant tomato genotype King Kong 2 and the resistant genotype Hawaii 7998 grown in peat substrate. At 5 days post inoculation the... more

Bacterial wilt incidence was reduced by 38.1% and 100% in silicon-treated plants of the moderately resistant tomato genotype King Kong 2 and the resistant genotype Hawaii 7998 grown in peat substrate. At 5 days post inoculation the bacterial population was significantly reduced in stems and roots of genotype Hawaii 7998, and in stems of King Kong 2 in silicon-treated plants compared to non-treated plants, indicating a silicon-induced resistance, since silicon accumulated in roots, but not in stems, while a tolerance effect was observed in the susceptible genotype L390. Characterization of possible molecular mechanisms involved in silicon-mediated resistance by immuno-histochemical analysis of stem cell walls indicated silicon-induced changes in the pectic polysaccharide structure. After infection homogalacturonan with non-blockwise degradation of methyl-esters was increased in vessel walls in non-silicon-treated plants, but not in silicon-treated plants, possibly indicating the acti...

It was evaluated the reaction of 73 common bean land races, collected in Santa Catarina State, to the bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. The experiments were set up under greenhouse conditions and... more

It was evaluated the reaction of 73 common bean land races, collected in Santa Catarina State, to the bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. The experiments were set up under greenhouse conditions and the cultivars IAC Carioca Pyatã and IPR 88 Uirapuru were the resistant and susceptible standards, respectively. The inoculation with the strain FJ 36 was done

Se inoculó suelo estéril de Montenegro (Quindío, Colombia), con Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 2, bacteria causante de Moko de plátano, bajo condiciones de invernadero, para evaluar el efecto de prácticas no contaminantes alternativas al... more

Se inoculó suelo estéril de Montenegro (Quindío, Colombia), con Ralstonia solanacearum Raza 2, bacteria causante de Moko de plátano, bajo condiciones de invernadero, para evaluar el efecto de prácticas no contaminantes alternativas al formol, sobre la población de esta bacteria. ...

Ethylene responsive factors (ERFs) are important in regulating plant pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and plant development. Recent studies have greatly enlarged the ERF protein family and revealed more important roles of... more

Ethylene responsive factors (ERFs) are important in regulating plant pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and plant development. Recent studies have greatly enlarged the ERF protein family and revealed more important roles of ERFs in plants. Here, we report our finding of a tomato ERF protein TSRF1, which is transcriptionally up-regulated by ethylene, salicylic acid, or Ralstonia solanacearum strain BJ1057 infection. Biochemical analysis indicates that TSRF1 specifically interacts in vitro with the GCC box, an element present in the promoters of many pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Further investigation evidences that TSRF1 activates in vivothe expression of reporter β-glucuronidase gene controlled by GCC box. More importantly, overexpressing TSRF1 in tobacco and tomato constitutively activates the expression of PR genes, and subsequently enhancing transgenic plant resistance to the bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum strain BJ1057. Therefore our investigation not only extends the functions of ERF proteins in plant resistance to R. solanacearum, but also provides further clues to understanding the mechanism of host regulatory proteins in response to the infection of pathogens.