Rootstocks Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- by
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- Models, Plant diseases, Economic Impact, Rootstocks
- by Hakan Yıldırım
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- Horticulture, Biotechnology, Cultivar, In vitro culture
- by Ioannis Ganopoulos
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- Polymorphism, Capillary electrophoresis, HRM, Authentication

Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. e causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to survive in soil for many years without a host. Five bacterial wilt resistant eggplant (Solanum melongena) rootstock lines were evaluated by challenge inoculation and were found to show different levels of wilt incidence. Grafts of eggplant made on two rootstocks (S0004 and Surya) recorded reduced incidence of bacterial wilt (10 to 40%) during greenhouse evaluation while in nongrafted seedlings, the wilt incidence was 80 to 100%. Field evaluation of eggplant grafts made on Solanum torvum (Turkey berry), S0004, and Surya reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt compared to nongrafted seedlings. e lowest wilt incidence (0 and 15-40%) was observed in the field evaluations where S. torvum was used as rootstock, while the nongrafted control recorded 93-100% wilt. Tomato seedlings grafted on S. torvum, Surya, and S0004 recorded very low bacterial wilt incidence (0 to 15%) under greenhouse evaluation while the nongrafted seedlings recorded 80 to 100% wilt. Reduced bacterial wilt incidence (23 to 40%) was observed in grafts of polyhouse-grown tomato hybrid (GS-600) made on S. torvum while the nongrafted seedlings were severely affected (80 to 100%) in evaluation trials conducted for two years. From this study, it is evident that grafting of susceptible eggplant and tomato on resistant rootstocks, viz., S. torvum and Surya, could be a promising strategy in bacterial wilt management.

- by Mathala Juliet
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- Greenhouses, Tomato Bacterial Wilt, Rootstocks

The production and consumption of nuts are increasing in the world due to strong economic returns and the nutritional value of their products. With the increasing role and importance given to nuts (i.e., walnuts, hazelnut, pistachio, pecan, almond) in a balanced and healthy diet and in the prevention of various diseases, breeding of the nuts species has also been stepped up. Most recent fruit breeding programs have focused on scion genetic improvement. However, the use of locally adapted grafted rootstocks also enhanced the productivity and quality of tree fruit crops. Grafting is an ancient horticultural practice use in nut crops to manipulate scion phenotype and productivity and overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. There are complex rootstock breeding objectives and physiological and molecular aspects of rootstock–scion interactions in nut crops. In this review, we provide an overview of these, considering the mechanisms involved in nutrient and water uptake, regulation of phytoh...

- by Kourosh Vahdati
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- Rootstocks, nut trees
- by Diego Barranco
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- Evaluation, Plant Breeding, Cultivars, Rootstocks
- by Leonardo Gallo
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- Genetic Diversity, Grafting, Stems, South America
- by Gregory Lang
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- Climate, Plant diseases, Disease resistance, Plant viruses
- by mehdi khayyat
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- Middle East, Yield, Cultivar, Fruits
- by Diana Sammataro
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- Zoology, Coevolution, Phylogeny, Bacteria
- by Angelika Rumberger and +1
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- Soil Science, Biological Sciences, PCR, Seasonality
- by Giuseppe Colla
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- Horticulture, Stress, Gene expression, Grafting
- by Diana Vasquez
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- Zoology, Coevolution, Phylogeny, Apis mellifera

Physio-biochemical responses of pistachio varieties including Pistacia vera L. ‘Ghazvini’ (GH), P. vera ‘Ghermez-Pesteh’ (GP) and P. atlantica subsp. mutica (M) were assessed under salt stress to understand the common mechanisms of salt tolerance in two popular Pistacia species. In the experiment, half-sib seedlings of the varieties were subjected to high (100 mM) and severe (200 mM) levelsofNaCl-inducedsalinityfor90days. Growth, physiological, biochemical and ionic parameters in the roots and shoots of plants were measured in the experiment. Salinity markedly declined plant growth, and increased the number of necrotic leaves (NL) and leaf abscission. In terms of physiological responses, salinity reduced the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI) and the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, but increased carbohydrates and proline content in the leaves. MSI of the leaves was positively correlated with the concentrations of anthocyanins and carotenoids. Salinity increased sodium content in root and shoot tissues of the plants, and decreased potassium concentration and K/Na ratio. Among the rootstocks, GH had better performance on all parameters. Despite the high concentration of Na+ and low K/Na ratio in the shoots, the lowest number of NL was found in GH under both salinity levels. The results indicated that salt tolerance in GH was most likely related to compartmentation of Na+ ions. Finally, accumulation of osmolytes and sodium compartmentation were considered to be the most important mechanisms in the salt tolerance of pistachio rootstocks.

- by Kourosh Vahdati
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- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Photosynthesis, Carotenoids

The magnitude of demand for planting materials in grape, mainly for rootstock genotypes indicates that micropropagation is inevitably necessary for their mass scale propagation. Therefore, the studies on micropropagation of four genetically different grape rootstocks namely Dogridge (Vitis champini), SO4 (V. riparia× V. berlandieri), H-144 (V. vinifera × V. labrusca) and 3309 C (V. riparia × V. rupestris) were conducted

- by Mahdi Alizadeh
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- Genetics, Plant Biology, Treatment, In Vitro
- by Pedro Antonio Garcia-Saucedo
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- Biofertilizers, Rootstocks

Geologically Sardinia is a raft which, for just under thirty million years, has been crossing the western Mediterranean, swaying like a pendulum from the Iberian to the Italian Peninsula. An island so large and distant from the other lands, except for its "sister" Corsica, has inevitably developed an autochthonous flora and fauna over such a long period of time. Organisms from other Mediterranean regions have added to this original contingent. These new arrivals were not randomly distributed over time but grouped into at least three great waves. The oldest two correspond with the Messinian salinity crisis about 7 million years ago and with the ice age, when, in both periods, Sardinia was linked to or near other lands due to a fall in sea level. The third, still in progress, is linked to human activity. Man has travelled since ancient times and for many centuries introduced allochthonous species to Sardinia which radically modified the native flora and fauna, but always at ...

- by Marcello Verdinelli
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- Pest Management, Culture, Biology, Invasive Species
- by Claire Arnold
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- Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Plant Ecology
- by Alejandro Ramírez Aparicio
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- Genetic Diversity, Grafting, Stems, South America
- by Victor Urrutia
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- Rootstocks
- by Carlos Huaman
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- Salinity, Rootstocks

- by Giuseppe Serra and +2
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- Pest Management, Culture, Invasive Species, Biodiversity

To determine the effects of salinity on the intensity of chlorosis, growth and uptake of Na+ and Cl-, we grew three Citrus rootstocks (sour orange Citrus aurantium (C.a) and two new hybrids of Poncirus trifoliata [P.t. x Citrus sinensis (PXC) and P.t. x Mandarinier sunki (PXM)]) in nutrient solutions containing 0, 35 or 70 mM NaCl during 30 or 60 days. Foliar damages increase with time for all treatments and rootstocks. The intensity and the frequency of the chlorosis caused after 30 days of saline stress reveal the sensitivity of PXC and the tolerance of PXM. Moreover, if apical growth of the C.a is not affected by 35 mM NaCl, it is stimulated on the other hand for PXM and is inhibited for PXC. The concentration 70 mM NaCl affects the vigour of rootstocks more severely and shows the tolerance of PXM and the sensitivity of PXC. The biomass decreases with time for all treatments and rootstocks. However, it appears that the concentration 35 mM NaCl is insufficient for the discrimination between rootstocks against salt stress. But, at 70 mM NaCl, the reduction of the biomass confirms the sensitivity ofPXC and proves the tolerance ofPXM. Furthermore, the content of leaves in Cl- and Na+ is affected meaningfully by salinity, time of stress and rootstocks (PXM appears to be efficient excluding of Cl-). Contents in Na+ and Cl- are correlated with foliar toxicity symptoms. This content is also correlated with biomass reduction of PXC. Therefore, in addition to inhibitory effects of high concentrations of Cl- and Na+, an imbalance of essential nutrients may also contribute to the reduction in growth of this rootstocks under saline conditions.

- by AgroPhysiologie & PhytoBiotechnologie
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- Tolerance, Salinity, Citrus, NaCl

In this study, the effects of foliar zinc application on yield, fruit quality characteristics, mineral content, chemical and biochemical properties of three different pear cultivars (Akca, Santa Maria and Deveci) under the semi arid ecological conditions of Tokat Province were investigated. Zinc (Zn) application did not cause any significant differences on fruit yield, average fruit weight and the average geometric diameter of pear varieties. But the fruit flesh hardness of Akca variety was significantly reduced (P<0,05) with the zinc application. While zinc application reduced the titratable acidity (TA) from 0,33 g/100 g to 0,15 g/100 g of Akca variety, TA of Deveci variety significantly increased from 0,22 g/100 g to 0,28 g/100 g. Zinc application significantly (P<0,05) reduced the total phenolics of Akca and Deveci varieties. Similarly, the zinc application significantly (P<0,01) reduced the total antioxidant activity of Akca variety according to the radical scavenging ...

- by Burhan OZTURK
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- Chemistry, Calcium, Phosphorus, Grafting
- by Engin Tilkat
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- Horticulture, Biotechnology, Cultivar, In vitro culture
- by Ian Bally
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- Rootstocks
- by Karen Keller
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- Stress, Food Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Plant diseases

The diversity and antiquity of the cultivars, their restricted distribution and the limited use of rootstocks characterize cultivated olive (Olea europaea L.) plant material in Spain. An exploration survey identified 262 different cultivars, which have been introduced in the Olive Germplasm Bank in Córdoba, Spain. Evaluation of this germplasm, field trials and a breeding program are in progress.

- by Luis Rallo Romero
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- Horticulture, Biology, Evaluation, Plant Breeding
- by Guglielmo COSTA
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- Genetics, Horticulture, Stress, Abiotic Stress

- by Mahmoud Reza Roozban
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- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Photosynthesis, Agriculture
- by Leonardo Ribeiro
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- Plant Anatomy, Grafting, Pesquisa, Cortex
- by Mourad SAADOUN
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- Plant diseases, Grafting, Resistance, Disease resistance
- by SANDRA MARCELA PUENTES GOMEZ
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- Rootstocks
- by Nils Arrigo
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- Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Plant Ecology
- by Diana Vasquez
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- Zoology, Coevolution, Phylogeny, Apis mellifera
- by yelda ozden
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- Horticulture, Biotechnology, Cultivar, In vitro culture
- by Karen Keller
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- Stress, Food Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, Plant diseases
- by Jaime Auger
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- Plant diseases, Disease resistance, Genotypes, Rootstocks

A trial of seven scion grape cultivars (Beiroti, Dapogi, Fhesi, Hamadani-Baladi, Jandali, White-Romi and Zeiny) and five phylloxera resistant rootstock cultivars (Richter-110, Paulsen-1103, Ruggeri-140, B 41 and 216/3), in addition to own rooted vines were undertaken to asses preliminary compatibility. The results indicated that 'Fhesi' and the combinations of Jandali/Richter-110, White-Romi/Ruggeri-140, White-Romi/216/3 and White-Romi/B 41 were highly compatible. Positive correlations between callus development, root development and successful grafts were also observed. However, 'Hamadani-Baladi' and 'Zeiny' were significantly incompatible with less than 50% of graft-success. Time needed for buds-burst in the grafted combination was significantly less (33- 48 days) than that of the own rooted plant (60-66 days). Further research is needed for the prolonged compatibility effect on yield and quality.

- by Rezq Basheer-Salimia
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- Biology, Rootstocks
- by Bui HUYEN TRANG
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- Middle East, Growth, ROOT, Cultivar
- by Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo
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- Trace Elements, Osmotic Stress, Rootstocks

- by M. Tiziana Nuvoli and +3
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- Pest Management, Culture, Invasive Species, Biodiversity

DNA based methods have been employed recently for plant species identification and their ingredients in the final food products. The aim of this work was to setup a microsatellite-based method not only to distinguish sweet cherry cultivars but also to compare different techniques for DNA isolation and DNA fragment analysis for verifying the presence of protected designation of origin (PDO) sweet cherry, at the cultivar level, in sweet cherry processed products. Thirteen microsatellites were tested and the combination of the amplification profiles of six of them, characterised by high polymorphism and simple electrophoretic patterns, enabled to distinguish and identify a PDO sweet cherry cultivar used for sweet cherry products. The obtained amplicons were all in the range of 68–258 bp, and were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) and High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis. We compare the results obtained by both methods and analyze the differences observed. Dendrograms were constructed using data from HRM analysis and fragment analysis indicating a higher resolution capacity of the HRM method compared to fragment analysis. Moreover, costs, throughput and difficulties to implement HRM analysis and CE methods in the laboratory are discussed. In conclusion HRM analysis can be a cost effective alternative method, with higher resolution, not only to genotype sweet cherry cultivars but also to extend the use to process sweet cherry products using microsatellite markers.

- by Anagnostis Argiriou
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- Polymorphism, Capillary electrophoresis, HRM, Authentication
- by Gregory Lang
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- Gene regulation, Plant Biology, Ecology, Transcription Regulation

The antimicrobial activity of leaf and callus extracts of Melia azedarach was tested on in vitro shoot cultures of the peach rootstoch ‘MRS 2/5’ (Prunus cerasifera × Prunus spinosa) that were heavily contaminated with Sphingomonas paucimobilis (Sp) and Bacillus circulans (Bc). The extracts were filter-sterilised and added at 0%, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% to a modified Murashige and Skoog proliferation medium previously autoclave-sterilised. Up to about 17% shoots died with 10–20% extract, except for Sp-contaminated shoots, whose survival was reduced to 50% after treatment with 20% extract. No shoots died with 1% to 5% supplement. The undiluted leaf extract showed bactericidal activity on plated Sp and Bc isolates. The homogenates of shoots randomly collected from treated cultures were processed for bacterial colony counting. Thus the 10% supplement was the best treatment for ridding Bc-contaminated cultures of bacteria (although 5% had a similar bactericidal effect), and allowing shoot growth and proliferation comparable to controls at the fifth subculture on a standard medium, while 20% extract was needed to eliminate Sp, and could induce higher growth and proliferation rates in surviving shoots than in untreated cultures. Callus extract was ineffective. The bactericidal activity of the leaf extract seemed attributable to a synergistic effect of azadirachtin with other unidentified compounds present in the extract.

- by Francesca Gaggia
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- Microbiology, Plant Biology, Growth, In Vitro
- by Grazia Marino
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- Microbiology, Plant Biology, Growth, In Vitro

- by Louise Ferguson
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- Plants, Preprints, Rootstocks, nut trees
- by Eduardo Stuchi
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- Growth, Rootstocks

The current study was developed with disturbed samples of an Oxisol, in which ‘Siciliano ’ lemon trees seedlings (C. limon) were grafted on sour orange tree (C. aurantium) and rangpur lime tree (C. limonia). The experiment consisted of three basis saturation levels (50, 70 and 90 percent) and three boron doses (0.5; 1.5 and 4.5 mg dm-3) in the planting with 3x3x2 factorial experimental design with four replications. Mineral composition of the "Siciliano" lemon leaves as well as root system development in sour orange tree were higher than the rangpur lime tree. There was no effect in the interaction basis saturarion level and the boron doses for any of the evaluated parameters.

- by Elano Torquato
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- Mathematics, Calcium, Experimental Design, Biological Sciences