Value addition processing of low grade iron ores Research Papers (original) (raw)

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- by
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- Metallurgy, Hematite, Iron ore, Tailings
- by NIRLIPTA NAYAK
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- Engineering, Mining Industry, Raw Material, Hematite
- by jitendra prasad
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Minerals, Archean
- by Ranjan Dwari
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- Geology, Iron Oxide, Magnetic separation, Goethite

ABSTRACT
The challenge of dephosphorizing iron ore has been the subject of extensive research,
as addressing this issue holds significant importance in the mining and steel production industries. Various methods have been explored to reduce the phosphorus content in iron ores, encompassing physical beneficiation techniques and chemical processing
using inorganic acids. However, these conventional approaches come with inherent drawbacks, including low retievalrates, high energy consumption, substantial capital investment requirements, and the generation of uncleanness.
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the environmental impact of
conventional dephosphorization methods, leading to stricter environmental regulations in the mining and metallurgical sectors. In response to these regulatory pressures and the need for more sustainable practices, the utilization of bacteria in mineral ore leaching has gained prominence. bacteria possess the unique ability to catalyze the transformation of metal compounds into soluble forms, making them valuable biocatalysts for leaching processes.
Biotechnology has emerged as a promising and environmentally friendly solution to
address the challenges associated with phosphorus removal from iron ore. This
approach leverages the natural capabilities of microorganisms and their involvement in
the phosphorus cycle. Microbes, over the course of many years, have demonstrated their capacity for phosphate solubilization, which has paved the way for exploring their role in mitigating phosphorus content in iron ore.
In the context of this study, our objective was to investigate the feasibility of employing bioleaching as a method for dephosphorizing iron ore specifically sourced from Balochistan. The chosen microorganism for this bioleaching process was Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, renowned for its ability to facilitate metal solubilization.
Two separate experiments were conducted, with the experiment spanning a duration of
5 weeks. The initial findings from these experiments are promising, with the first
experiment achieving a notable 5.9% reduction in phosphorus content.
In summary, this research underscores the potential of bioleaching, particularly through the utilization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, as a viable method for decreasing phosphorus levels in iron ore. These findings pave the way for the development of more environmentally friendly and efficient dephosphorization techniques, aligning with the imperative of sustainable and ecoconscious mineral processing practices.

- by Ghulam Murtaza
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- Biotechnology, Bioleaching/ Bacterial Leaching, Metallurgy, Extractive Metallurgy
- by Prof.Dr.Halime Temel
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- Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Chromite
- by Simon R Collinson
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- Chemistry, Hydrometallurgy, Bioleaching, Metallurgy
- by Gulnara Omarova
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- Mining Engineering, Environmental Science, Mineral Processing, Raw Material
- by Jacobus Eksteen
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- Chemistry, Hydrometallurgy, Bioleaching, Metallurgy
- by A.Ekrem Yüce
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- Chemistry, Grinding, Beneficiation
- by Patitapaban Mishra
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- Geochemistry, Materials Science, Bauxite, Mineral
- by Ramesh Babu
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- Geology, Hydrogeology, Uranium
- by Marzieh Hosseini Nasab
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- Engineering, Magnetic separation, Hematite, Magnetite
- by Mohamed Gado
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- Geology, Chemistry, Kinetics, Uranium

Indian steel industry has grown exponentia/ly during last 10 years and presen.tly occupies the position of 4th largest steel producer in IV J'. . b I Id ord In 2074, India produced 86.5 million tonnes of crude steel. Presently, per capita steel consumption IS e,ow wor average of 230 kg.BQCkũ p by massive infrastructure push steel industry shall continue to grow. Iron otets the principal raw material of steelmaking, in averaqe 1400 kg is consumed to produce every 1000 kg of crude steelOJ.So, to produce 144 million tonnes of steel by 2016-17(6), iron ore consumption shall be increased by 67 percent.

- by Santosh Kumar
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- Steel Making, Iron ore

One of the most significant sources of copper metal is malachite ore. The world's demand for copper is being positively impacted by increased extraction. However, the chemical compositions of copper in the malachite ore, which vary depending on the region, determine how well copper may be extracted. This study evaluated hydrometallurgical processing of copper metal from malachite ore of Kola Tembein, Tigray, Ethiopia. Malachite ore was processed hydrometallurgical with sulfuric acid to leach copper metal, which was then recovered using a cementation process of zinc metal. The samples were examined with XRD, EDXRF, SEM, and AAS. The rock ore sample examined by XRD contained a variety of minerals, including malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2), quartz (SiO2), Albite Ca-rich (Ca Al2Si2O8), Albite disorder (NaAlSi3O8)m etc. and the morphology of malachite ore was supported by SEM. According to the EDXRF results, the malachite ores were dominated by metal oxides of CuO (58.21), SiO2 (19.21), and ...

- by Dr. Goitom Gebreyohannes (Ph.D) Berhe
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- Metallurgy, Copper, Root-Mean Square Error, Malachite
- by Gjergj Dodbiba
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In world scenario, India is ranked third largest producer of chromite ore. Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd. is operating a chromite ore beneficiation (COB) plant with a capacity of 0.15 mtpa. The process route basically involves comminution, classification followed by gravity separation. The present plant practice generates tailings with some chromite values associated with it. In the present study, an attempt was made to recover chromite values from the tailings using enhanced gravity separator such as Falcon concentrator, a high g-force generating equipment. The tailing sample is very fine grained in nature and contains significant amount (~68 Wt.%) of particle below 11 μm. The chemical analysis of head sample shows a value of 20.23% Cr2O3. Mineralogical study revealed that chromite is the major chromite bearing mineral and clay, gibbsite and spinel are the major gangue minerals present in the material. The process parameters are optimised with respect to feed particle size, bowl ro...

- by MK Mohanta
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- Environmental Science, Mineral Processing, Tailings, Gravity Separation
- by Mohammed Mirghani
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- Engineering, Biodiesel, Jatropha, Process Engineering

- by BULTI DEY
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- Environmental Science, Mineral Processing, Tailings, Gravity Separation
- by Joshua Sunmola
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- Materials Science, Metallurgy, Ph, Specific Gravity
- by Sahendra Singh
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Minerals, Archean

This paper deals with the characterisation and liberation studies of graphite schist from Shivaganga, Tamilnadu . The graphite flakes are interbanded with quartz and calcite . Secondary calcite veins often traverses graphite flakes and quartz grains. Based on grain counting , frequency curves , comminution followed by flotation tests , the liberation size of graphite is estimated between 150 to 90 microns . The rougher concentrate achieved at d&, passing of 145 micron size product contain 35 % FC with 99% recovery. The .SFM study reveals the presence of minute inclusions of calcite and quartz within graphite flakes.

- by BK MAHAPATRA
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- Geology, Mineralogy, Comminution, Graphite
- by Florent Bourgeois
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- Chemical Engineering, Physics, Analytical Chemistry, Modeling
- by Eric Climent
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- Chemical Engineering, Physics, Analytical Chemistry, Modeling
- by Sunati Mohanty
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- Materials Science, Iron ore, Beneficiation, minerals and mining

Unconsolidated sandstone uranium deposits exploited by the in situ leaching (ISL) method, contain complex tetravalent and hexavalent uranium compounds, mostly as UO2 and UO3 oxides that have different dissolution rates in sulfuric acid solutions. This work investigates a reactive transport model that takes into account the dissolution of both UO2 and UO3 in sulfuric acid solution together with possible interactions with rock minerals during the ISL uranium extraction. Several empirical reaction rate constants were determined during lab experiments on uranium extraction assays, including dissolution rates of tetravalent and hexavalent uranium oxides, and the dissolution rate of rock components by sulfuric acid solution. Effects on the recovery of solution flow rates and ratios between tetravalent and hexavalent uranium compounds are also investigated. The experimental dissolution constants were then used in the proposed reactive transport model to be applied to a real case study in K...

- by Madina Tungatarova
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- Minerals, Uranium, Dissolution, Sulfuric Acid
- by Sanjeev Kumar Das
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- Materials Science, Metallurgy, Magnetic separation, Hematite
- by Sarath Hapugoda
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- Materials Science, Iron ore

The objective of the present study was to investigate to recover chromite from Sivas -KangalÇamözü chromite plant tailings assaying 4.95% Cr2O3by using a Falcon Concentrator. By using L40 type Falcon Concentrator a concentrate assaying of 13% Cr2O3 with 63.03% recovery was obtained from Çamözü plant tailings at 30 G rotor rotation speed with -150 micron feed grain size at 40 kPa water pressure. It was found that the degree of liberation is an important parameter for Falcon Concentrator. At -600μ, -500μ and 300μ grain sizes by increasing rotor rotation speeds the grades of chromite decrease and recoveries are increase.

- by Mehmet çelikdemir
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- by Jefferson Mendes
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- Materials Science, Materials, Goethite, Hematite
- by Abdolmotaleb Hajati
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- Materials Science, Metallurgy, Magnetic separation, Separation Process

The banded iron format ion of Banded Hematite Jasper is a very low grade iron ore that usually contains Fe in the range of 30-40% depending on the origin. Banded hemat ite Jasper obtained from Barb il region of India and assaying 41.9% Fe, 38.4% SiO2 and 0.4% A l2O3 was studied for pre-concentration of iron values adopting Jigging and Dry High Intensity Magnetic Separation. The pre-concentration studies were carried out with representative BHJ sample crushed and sized to -10+0.5mm, -6+0.5mm and-3+0.5mm. The dry high intensity magnetic separation process could achieve a best possible iron recovery of 69.9% with 51.4%Fe in the concentrate. The Jigging process could achieve a maximu m iron recovery of 68.5% with 57.3% Fe in concentrate. The optimu m recoveries and grade in both the cases were obtained for a feed size of-3+0.5mm. The results indicate that Jigging is a better pre-concentration technique when co mpared to Dry High Intensity Magnetic Separation.

- by DILIP MAKHIJA
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- Geology, Magnetic separation, Separation Process, Hematite
- by DILIP MAKHIJA
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- Materials Science, Metallurgy, Pellet, Pelletizing
- by Luis Verdeja
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- Sintering, Productivity, Blast Furnace, Iron ore
- by venkatesh akella
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Minerals, Banded Iron Formation
- by venkatesh akella
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- Engineering, Earth Sciences, Geology, Haematite
- by venkatesh akella
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- Genetics, Geology, Materials Science, Earth System Science

Chromite recovery was studied using a magnetic carrier technology. Heavy media grade magnetite was used as the magnetic carrier. The effect of various reagents such as sodium oleate (NaOl) as a collector and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as well as quebracho tannin as depressants on chromite removal was investigated. The effects of pH and reagent dosages were also determined. First, the zeta potential measurements were performed for different minerals in the absence and presence of NaOl, and then magnetic carrier tests were carried out under conditions based on zeta potential measurements. The magnetic carrier tests performed in the case of individual minerals (i.e. single minerals) showed that chromite (recovery of 95.1%) could be separated from serpentine (recovery of 3.2%) whereas it could not be separated from olivine. The best chromite concentrates containing 42.1% Cr2O3 were obtained with a 76% recovery from a synthetic mixtures of chromite and serpentine under optimum test co...

- by Halil Ipek
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- Chemistry

Schizodactylus monstrosus (Drury) is an Orthoptera belongs to the family Schizodactylidae. Previously although various works has been done on burrowing behavior of the species Schizodactylus monstrosus, our investigation unfolds some new facts about their burrowing behavior. Through this paper we also focus on some anthropogenic threats that causes decline in their population vigorously.

- by Ritam Sahu
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- Experimental
- by Jitendra Prasad
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- Geology, Geochemistry, Minerals, Banded Iron Formation
- by Veeranjaneyulu Rayapudi
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- Materials Science, Iron ore, Beneficiation

Due to the development of so many different educational experiments in radio and television with more than 40 years of existence in many Latin American countries, the appearance of new institutional initiatives done by most of the educational institutions of Latin America and, facing the innovating approaches of technological convergence of telecommunications, the audiovisual means and computer science, with the possible complementarity and interrelation of radio, television and Internet in new broadband IP digital networks, it becomes necessary to raise new lines of future and intervention to encourage the Televisión Educativa Iberoamericana (TEIb) (Latin American Educational Television), Program of Cooperation of the Latin American Heads of States and Governments Summit, and its managing association, the ATEI. Debido al desarrollo de tantas y diversas experiencias de radio y televisión educativas con más de 40 años de existencia en muchos países iberoamericanos, la aparición de nu...

- by Gerardo Ojeda Castañeda
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- Sociology, comunicar, Latin Americans
- by Yasushi Sasaki
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- Engineering, Materials Science, Phosphorus, Sewage sludge

Sri Lanka is a most amazing islands, which is geographically rich in natural resources. The gemstone, mineral sands (ilmenite, Rutile), Apatite, silica sand, dolomite, Graphite are some of the precious natural minerals found in Sri Lanka. Most industries use natural resources as raw materials & manmade materials. But the inimical side of this occurrence is these natural minerals resources are mined from their natural form and consumed without the addition of value. In recent days, Sri Lankan Government & Private Sectors have drawn their attention towards focusing on Nano-technology development using the natural resources found in the country. These Nanotechnological developments are visible enough to change the monotonous direction of the technological advancements and also lead to value addition to the valuable natural resources found in Sri Lanka. Therefore, Sri Lanka has a high potential for the development of nanomaterials from natural resources as a value addition. It can use minimize the problem related to the raw materials in most industries. As well as Sri Lanka can earn additional income import that nanomaterials to need countries. This paper examines the latest scientific research on the application of Sri Lankan natural resources development of nanomaterials as value addition.

- by A Vincent Zo.
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- Neurology, Medicine, Weight Loss, PET imaging
- by Simon R Collinson
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- Chemistry, Bioleaching, Copper extraction and production, Copper