Watercraft Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This is a rapid introductory survey of the range and chronology of post-1840 ships, boats and submarines concentrating on the larger types of ship and identifies significant vessel types.

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- Boats, Ships, Watercraft, Boats and Ships

A study of watercraft in the Ancient Near East, focused on Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf, and on the prehistoric periods and Bronze Age. With some reference to the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, and later periods.

- by Robert Carter
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- Ancient Near East, Middle East, Boats, Seafaring

- by Miran Erič
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- Archaeology, Computer Vision, Education, Globalization
- by Leonor Adán Alfaro
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- Temperate Forests, Watercraft, Magallania

Keywords: watercraft, Great Lakes, skin boats, canoes, First Nations

- by Kimberly Monk
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- Indigenous Peoples, First Nations of Canada, Great Lakes Archaeology, Watercraft

La recherche sur la navigation préhispanique est une étude transversale sur un ensemble de pratiques culturelles qui peuvent prendre des formes variées mais ont en commun la confrontation au milieu aquatique, qu'il soit maritime, lacustre ou fluvial. En l'absence d'épaves préhispaniques conservées et de sources écrites pour les périodes les plus anciennes dans le monde andin, il faut donc se tourner vers un ensemble de données indirectes et avoir recours à une archéologie « en négatif », en croisant diverses disciplines telles que l'archéo-ichtyologie, l'archéologie subaquatique, l'archéologie maritime et littorale ou encore la géoarchéologie et les sciences environnementales.

- by Cécile Foussard
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- Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Andean Archaeology, Precolumbian Cultures

This volume presents the current state of knowledge on the osseous projectile weaponry that was produced by Pleistocene cultures across the globe. Through cross-cultural and temporal comparison of manufacturing methods, design, use methods, and associated technology, chapters in this volume identify and discuss differences and similarities between these Pleistocene cultures. The central research questions addressed in this volume include: (a) how did osseous weaponry technology develop and change through time and can these changes be tied to environmental and/or social influences?; (b) how did different Pleistocene cultures design and adapt their osseous weaponry technology to their environment as well as changes in that environment?; and (c) can we identify cultural interaction between neighboring groups through the analysis of osseous weapons technology — and if so — can we use these items to track the movement of peoples and/or ideas across the landscape? Through addressing these three central research questions, this volume creates an integrated understanding of osseous technology during a vital period in Modern Human cultural development which will be useful for students and advanced researchers alike.

- by Michelle C. Langley
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- Experimental Archaeology, Technology, Palaeolithic Archaeology, Symbolism

The management and presentation of cultural heritage over a given region requires a dedicated database which can store all relevant information (location, text, photography, 3D models, animations etc.) and an intuitive way of accessing this information (searching via different criteria such as geo-location, time-frame, type of find, state of preservation, etc.).
We decided to test a recently available open source platform, Arches 3.0, to construct a database of all known logboats and other early watercraft in the country of Slovenia: the Early Watercraft Database. The software platforms of existing inventories are mostly proprietary, expensive to maintain and difficult to interconnect and upgrade to new requirements. Existing database inventories are therefore difficult to combine and this makes the study of early watercraft finds on a global scale, independent of modern state boundaries, more difficult. By contrast, information stored in applications developed on the Arches platform can be easily merged.
The Early Watercraft Database application demonstrates the ability of the Arches platform to be employed for a wide range of applications; it can be used for small-scale solutions but it can also be extended to accommodate large-scale (global) inventory requirements. The Arches open source heritage inventory and management system is sponsored by the Getty Conservation Institute and the World Monuments Fund.

- by Miran Erič and +1
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- Archaeology, Computer Vision, Education, Globalization

This article documents and presents the range of wooden fishing and cargo-carrying watercraft in use in the contemporary Zanzibar Channel, Tanzania. The work is based on surveys conducted in 2018 on Unguja, the principal island of the Zanzibar archipelago, and in 2019–2020 in Bagamoyo, mainland Tanzania, and its immediate environs. The authors present a broad typology of the principal wooden vessel types in the form of 3D photogrammetric models, orthographic views, and photographs. The principal construction features and uses of each type are presented and the state of play of contemporary wooden-boat construction in this part of East Africa discussed.

- by John P Cooper and +1
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- Maritime Archaeology, Tanzania, Indian Ocean World, Indian Ocean

Zu fast allen Zeiten wurden an den Ufern der alpinen Seen Einbäume gefertigt. Diese einfachen Boote, die ihren Namen ihrer Erzeugung aus einem einzigen Baumstamm verdanken, waren also weit verbreitet. Während man rund um die Alpen bereits zahlreiche archäologische Reste davon in Seen und Mooren fand, sind in Oberösterreich bislang nur selten solche Funde gemacht worden. Dass der neue Einbaum unter Wasser lokalisiert werden konnte, ist dem Tauchschulinhaber und Tauchlehrer Andreas Six zu verdanken. Dieser fand die Reste des Bootes bei Unterwasserarbeiten in der Nähe der Pfahlbau-Siedlung von Weyregg II, die 2017 durch das Kuratorium Pfahlbauten unterwasserarchäologisch untersucht wurde. Das Boot konnte auf die Zeit um 1550 datiert (C14) werden.

- by Henrik Pohl
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- Archaeology, Traditional boatbuilding, Logboats, Dugout Canoes
- by Iain Davidson
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- Symbolism, Pleistocene, Modern human behaviour, Language Origins
- by David Duke
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- Psychology, Cognitive Science, Cognition, Symbolism

1. ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………....................….. 1
2. INTRODUCTION: EARLY SEAFARING AND ISLAND COLONIZATION .... 2
3. NEOLITHIC CYPRUS: ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT.. . 2
4. SEA LEVEL …………………………………………………………………..................………. ….. 3
5. WATERCRAFT …………………………………………………………………..................….…… 3
6. SURFACE CURRENTS ……………………………………………………...............…………… 5
7. WIND STRENGTH IN THE EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION: PAST AND
PRESENT ……………………………………………………………………………....................…. 5
8. NAVIGATION AND VISIBILITY ………………………………………………...........….….. 6
9. SAILING ROUTES ………………………………………………………………................……... 6
9.1 General ……………………………………………………………………...........................….….6
9.2 Routes ………………………………………………………………………............................…. 7
10. DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………………….................………….. 7
11. CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………………...............…………………. 8

Our understanding of the roots of how the migration was developed in prehistory is heavily insufficiently. However, we can believe that humankind living near water network and coastlines invent, as Detlev Elmers say 1975, ”apparatus” to cross those water network which wraps our planet. That simple apparatus today we call Early Watercraft which help us to evolutionarily developed communication, shipbuilding, navigation and transportation traditions and routes as we know them today. Unfortunately, our knowledge about this scientific discipline is under-researched. Here are several reasons: one of the compelling goals in archaeology is to research just material evidence of human history. The oldest one is 8200 hundred-year-old logboat from Pesse and about 12ky old petroglyphs from Gobustan near Kaspian Sea showing read boats with 20 paddlers. However, secondary evidence of migration shows at least 60k years from when Australia was colonised at that time, with crossings to Suhal in EW. Anthropological theory predicts the use of EW by Homo Erectus 800k year ago through the evidence of migration. EW is researched also by ethnologist documented and describe all kind of EW around the world exist even today in many societies and build as was build by our ancestor several thousand years ago. Without changing the technology of building.
Unfortunately, al that scientific disciplines do not research together. One pass the other one. Today we will try to deepen current knowledge within the framework of local, supra- regional, and diachronic development and application of waterborne transport and communication as well as other linked activities. Therefore, apart from studies utilising archaeological sources, we would also like to encourage researchers contributing to studies applying comparable data. However, from the viewpoint of anthropology, ethnography, and ethnohistory to help build reference frames and further our understanding of waterborne communication and transport.

- by Miran Erič
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- Archaeology, Computer Science, Anthropology, Education

This article documents and presents the range of wooden fishing and cargo-carrying watercraft in use in the contemporary Zanzibar Channel, Tanzania. The work is based on surveys conducted in 2018 on Unguja, the principal island of the Zanzibar archipelago, and in 2019– 2020 in Bagamoyo, mainland Tanzania, and its immediate environs. The authors present a broad typology of the principal wooden vessel types in the form of 3D photogrammetric models, orthographic views, and photographs. The principal construction features and uses of each type are presented and the state of play of contemporary wooden-boat construction in this part of East Africa discussed.

- by Alessandro Ghidoni
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- Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Tanzania, Indian Ocean World

This article documents and presents the range of wooden fishing and cargo-carrying watercraft in use in the contemporary Zanzibar Channel, Tanzania. The work is based on surveys conducted in 2018 on Unguja, the principal island of the Zanzibar archipelago, and in 2019– 2020 in Bagamoyo, mainland Tanzania, and its immediate environs. The authors present a broad typology of the principal wooden vessel types in the form of 3D photogrammetric models, orthographic views, and photographs. The principal construction features and uses of each type are presented and the state of play of contemporary wooden-boat construction in this part of East Africa discussed.

- by Alessandro Ghidoni
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- Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Tanzania, Indian Ocean World

Energy efficiency and environmental sustainability are important aspects in ship design and operation. Hull-shape optimization, hull cleaning and coating, and the use of appendages are, among others, well-known efforts to reduce ship fuel consumption. Regarding energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, it is possible to effectively reduce the resistance of an existing catamaran by retrofitting a foil system to it. In this study, a foil system is designed and retrofitted to a catamaran to reduce its total resistance. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations, utilizing k-w SST turbulence model, were performed to study the effects of the foil system on the vessel’s total resistance. Free surface effects were modelled, i.e., the generation of waves due to the vessel’s movement on the water surface. The foil system affects the wetted surface area, running sinkage and trim, and the wave pattern generated by the vessel, which ultimately affect the vessel’s total resistance. At...

- by I Ketut Aria Pria Utama
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- Watercraft
- by David Duke
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- Psychology, Cognitive Science, Cognition, Symbolism

Early Watercraft (EW) all over the world marks the beginning of human migration, transportation, and shipbuilding traditions. Logboats, rafts, bark boats, and skin boats are one of the oldest and most essential inventions of the humankind, still used today by various Indigenous cultures. Global existence suggests EW could be considered as one of the most exceptional universal cultural heritage despite being dispersed in diverse local and regional contexts around the world. Hence, a higher attention should be given to this human achievement. In this contribution, a new representation method for this dispersed and overlooked cultural heritage is proposed. For this purpose, a new paradigm scheme has been developed, connecting scattered scientific research with audience engagement focused on disability inclusion with Design for All principles. The proposal will be exemplified with two case studies from Slovenia and Australia later tested with a digital geospatial platform the Early Watercraft Global Virtual Cultural Heritage Environment (EW GVCHE). Since EW is a shared and inclusive heritage, it can serve as a bridge between different continents, countries and time zones, which allows the creation of a unique multi-user experience through immersive collaborative game design focused on availability, accessibility and connectivity. These low-cost and transferable solutions of short gamified extended reality (XR) experiences are inspired by simple computer indie games. Alongside the EW platform, the games will be accessed from various locations, including museums, interpretation centres, schools, and retirement villages as portable pop-up experiences. In Slovenia, a Late Mesolithic logboat from Hotiza will be used to first develop and test the proposed framework. In Australia, the framework will be further investigated in close collaboration with Indigenous Australians, the custodians of the local EW, and will later be ready to be applied to different dispersed heritage environments. (PREZI presentation: https://prezi.com/qltj_60u24vi/early-watercraft-a-proposal-of-building-a-new-paradigm/?present=1)

- by Miran Erič and +2
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- Cultural Studies, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Computer Science

This article documents and presents the range of wooden fishing and cargo-carrying watercraft in use in the contemporary Zanzibar Channel, Tanzania. The work is based on surveys conducted in 2018 on Unguja, the principal island of the Zanzibar archipelago, and in 2019– 2020 in Bagamoyo, mainland Tanzania, and its immediate environs. The authors present a broad typology of the principal wooden vessel types in the form of 3D photogrammetric models, orthographic views, and photographs. The principal construction features and uses of each type are presented and the state of play of contemporary wooden-boat construction in this part of East Africa discussed.

- by Lucy Blue
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- Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Tanzania, Indian Ocean World
- by Anne Pike-Tay
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- Genetics, Art, Climate Change, Ethnography