Wind Turbines Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- by
- •
- Wind Energy (Engineering), Wind Turbines, Wind Turbine Technology

Wind turbines (WTs) can be seriously damaged by lightning strikes and they can be struck by a significant number of flashes. This should be taken into account when the WT lightning protection system is designed. Moreover, WTs represent a path for the lightning current that can modify the well-known effects of the lightning discharge in terms of radiated electromagnetic fields, which are a source of damage and interference for nearby structures and systems. In this paper, a WT struck by a lightning discharge is analyzed with a full-wave modelling approach, taking into account the details of the WT and its interactions with the lightning channel. The effects of first and subsequent return strokes are analyzed as well as that of the rotation angle of the struck blade. Results show that the lightning current along the WT is mainly affected by the ground reflection and by the reflection between the struck blade and the channel. The computed electromagnetic fields show that, for subsequent return strokes, the presence of a WT almost doubles their magnitude with respect to a lightning striking the ground. Such enhancement is emphasized when the inclined struck blade is considered.

- by Riccardo Torchio and +1
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- Renewable Energy, Electromagnetic Compatibility, Computational Electromagnetics, Wind turbine
- by Luis Marroyo
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- Wind Energy, Mesh generation, Renewable energy resources, Power Generation
- by Yihui Zheng
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- Engineering, Government, Statistical Analysis, Support Vector Machines

There has been a growing demand from the power industry for wind power plants to support the power system operation. One of such requirement is for wind turbine to provide ancillary service in the form of inertial response. Such service requires wind turbine generators (WTGs) to inject additional energy to the grid when the grid frequency drops to help arrest the frequency decline. Inertial response will understandably impose additional dynamic loads on the wind turbine drivetrain, which have not been given much attention so far. To bridge this gap, this paper utilizes holistic models of both fixed-speed and variable-speed WTGs that integrate the aero-elastic wind turbine model in FAST, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, with a detailed electro-mechanical drivetrain model developed in SimDriveline and SimPowerSystems. These models allow quantification of drivetrain loads at the gear-level in the midst of realistic turbulent wind and varying grid frequency conditions.

- by Francisco Cruz-Delgado
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- Wind Energy, Ecology, Biodiversity, Biodiversity Conservation

This paper demonstrates a water pumping hybrid power system design. The proposed system was designed for water related applications in Sharjah (Latitude 25. 29 N and Longitude 55 E), United Arab Emirates. The proposed water hybrid system has two primary renewable power systems: solar PV panels and wind turbines. The proposed hybrid system considers the changes in weather conditions (humidity, wind speed, and temperature) since wind speed affects the performance of the wind turbines and solar panels are affected by solar irradiance. The following components are involved in the proposed design: battery (to store the power from solar panels), voltage regulator circuit (for getting stable DC voltage), three-phase rectifier (to convert the reduced AC voltage to DC), three-phase transformer (for reducing the obtained AC voltage), and DC electric motor (the main output of the proposed water pumping system). The proposed water pumping system relies on neural network blocks to achieve weather forecasting by obtaining solar irradiance values from the input temperature, wind speed, and humidity in a span of five years. Both MATLAB and Simulink are used simulate the performance of the proposed system under different weather conditions by changing the values according to the measured weather conditions values over five years.

- by Jay Modi
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- Engineering, Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Wind Power
- by Mahmoud Tavakoli
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- Mobile Robots, Wind Turbines, Inspection
- by Yua O Sesugh
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- Wind Energy, Wind Turbines, Airfoil
- by Pedro Rosas
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- Wind Energy, Wind Turbines
- by Ahmad Eid
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- Induction Generators, Photovoltaic, Reactive Power, Wind Turbines

Analyse des Umweltverträglichkeitsbericht zum Windpark Grenchenberg im Schweizerischen Solothurn

- by Christof Merkli
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- Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Wind Energy (Engineering), Wind turbine
- by Jafar Mohammadi and +1
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- Reactive Power, Power Control, RSC, Wind Turbines
- by Mohamed Elleuch
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- Power Systems, Wind Energy, Wind turbine, Power Control
- by Jose Zayas
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- Wind Energy, Software Development, Linked Data, Programming
- by Samir Kouro
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- Biomedical Engineering, Power Electronics, Wind Energy, Generators

Condition Monitoring (CM) is an essential element of securing reliable operating conditions of Wind Turbines (WT) in a wind farm. CM helps optimize maintenance by providing Remaining Useful Life (RUL) forecast. However, the expected RUL is not often reliable due to uncertainty associated with the prediction horizon. In this paper, we employ high-level fusion methods to expect the RUL of WT bearings. For this purpose, various features are extracted by vibration signals to capture deterioration paths. Then, a Bayesian algorithm is utilized to determine RUL for each selected feature. Eventually, high-level fusion schemes, including Hurwicz, Choquet integral, Ordered Weighted Averaging operator, are employed to integrate RUL numbers and lessen associated uncertainty in the prediction horizons. Besides, a pessimistic fusion strategy is driven to obtain a bounded uncertainty for the worst RUL prediction. The fusion methods are assessed by ten-year vibration signals of Canadian wind farms. Experimental results confirm accurate results with bounded uncertainty for high-level fusion approaches.

Renewable energy sources could be the main contributor to fulfilling the world’s energy requirement. Wind energy is grabbing the world’s attention due to its abundant nature and reliability. Wind energy is a prominent renewable energy source due to its availability and higher reliability. Despite the aforementioned benefits, there are some challenges such as wind measurement and prediction due to the turbulent nature of the wind. Lidar (light detection and ranging) technology is used in wind turbines to preview the wind and act it accordingly. Wind speed along with the direction is measured by the Lidar before it reaches the wind turbine plane and the control system of the wind turbine utilizes this data for optimal results. It enhances the control system along with it optimizes the output power. This paper presents the Lidar simulation model, which previews the wind earlier than the conventional feedback method. The Lidar simulation model is prepared and implemented on the horizont...

- by Danish Khan
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- Environmental Science, LiDAR, Control Systems, Wind Turbines
- by J. T. Bialasiewicz and +2
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- Engineering, Power Electronics, Renewable Energy, Power System

An integral terminal sliding mode-based control design is proposed in this paper to enhance the power quality of wind turbines under unbalanced voltage conditions. The design combines the robustness, fast response, and high quality transient characteristics of the integral terminal sliding mode control with the estimation properties of disturbance observers. The controller gains were auto-tuned using a fuzzy logic approach. The effectiveness of the proposed design was assessed under deep voltage sag conditions and parameter variations. Its dynamic response was also compared to that of a standard SMC approach. The performance analysis and simulation results confirmed the ability of the proposed approach to maintain the active power, currents, DC-link voltage and electromagnetic torque within their acceptable ranges even under the most severe unbalanced voltage conditions. It was also shown to be robust to uncertainties and parameter variations, while effectively mitigating chattering in comparison with the standard SMC.

- by IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica
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- Power Quality, Wind Turbines, Fuzzy Approach, Observer
- by Ahmad Eid
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- Modeling and Simulation, Wind turbine, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, Wind Turbines
- by Avineesh Dwivedi
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- Electrical Engineering, Renewable Energy, Electrical, Wind Turbines

The paper offers an analytical formulation of the two errors embodied in the momentum theory. The first one originates from to the use of the differential form of the axial momentum equation and the second one from the linearisation of the tangential velocity terms. Both errors are evaluated comparing the axial velocity at the disk as predicted by the momentum theories with that one obtained thorough a semi-analytical actuator disk method based on the exact solution of the flow. Several cases characterised by different values of the thrust and advance coefficient are analysed, and the range of validity of the momentum theories is discussed in depth.

- by Rodolfo Bontempo and +1
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- Mechanical Engineering, Hydrodynamics (Physics), Wind Energy, Aeronautical Engineering

A method for generating electricity using high windd pressure generated by fast moving vehicles channeling the induced wind in the direction of the wind turbine; converting the energy of the wind into mechanical energy by using wind turbine; and converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy by using a generating device and can be used for applications.

- by GRD JOURNALS
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- Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Wind Turbines
- by Stephen Bayne and +1
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- Wind Energy, Energy Management, System on Chip, Wind Turbines
- by Loring Nies
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- Environmental Engineering, Cleaner Production, Recycling, Manufacturing Engineering
- by Gideon Van Zijl
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- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Design, Wind Energy
- by Mohammed El Idrissi
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- Wind Turbines

A series of wind tunnel tests were performed to investigate the effect of turbulent inflows on the aerodynamic characteristics of variously modified leading-edge protuberanced (LEP) wing configurations at various turbulence intensities. A self-developed passive grid made of parallel arrays of round bars was placed at different locations of the wind tunnel to generate desired turbulence intensity. The aerodynamic forces acting over the baseline straight leading-edge model and the modified small, medium and high LEP wing configurations were obtained from the surface pressure measurements made over the wing at different turbulence intensities using MPS4264 Scanivalve simultaneous pressure scanner corresponding to a sampling frequency of 700Hz. All the test models were tested for a wide range of angles of attack ranging between À45 α 45 at turbulence intensities varying between 0.51% TI 4.92%. Results reveal that the time-averaged mean coefficient of lift (C L) increases with the increase in the turbulence intensity associated with smooth stall characteristics rendering the modified LEP test models advantageous. Furthermore, based on the surface pressure coefficients the underlying dynamics behind the stall delay tendency were discussed. Additionally, attempts were made to statistically quantify the aerodynamic forces using standard deviation at both the pre-stall and the post-stall angles.

- by Nadaraja Pillai
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- Wind Engineering, Aerodynamics, Wind Turbines, Wind Turbine Technology

The present paper deals with an outdoor environment of Laptop and Mobile Charging Station which provides a charging to the Laptop and Mobile with the help of Solar and Wind Energy &Vertical Windmill (power generators). The equipment has been developed based on the presentday scenario as the people usually run out of phone and laptop charging while travelling. At such times there is literally no way of charging your phone laptop in an outdoor environment, the solar and wind energy is used in order to collect the solar energy and convert it into the electrical energy and also the vertical windmill is used in order to observe the flow of wind and collect it. These two are intertwined together in the system, and the energy produced by both power generators is stored in a battery. This battery source is now available for use according to the inverter. The system provides 2 types of outputs. 4 USB outputs for charging for laptop and mobiles. The model is built in such a way that a common man can afford and this project model will lead a step ahead for economical utilization.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Cell Polarity, Dc Motor, Wind Turbines, MOSFET
- by N. Belhaj and +2
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- Wind Turbines, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, Switches

A mathematical model for fluid dynamics wind turbine design (based on the blade element momentum theory) has been implemented and improved. The mathematical simulations have been compared with experimental data found in the literature. The simulation was performed for the whole wind velocity range, in on-design and off-design conditions. Several simulations were performed in order to maximize the agreement between the simulated and experimental data. Particular attention was paid to the tangential induction factor and to the models for the representation of the lift and drag coefficients. A comparison was also made between the mathematical model presented in the paper and those considered in the literature. Finally, the model was implemented to optimize rotor performance, especially at low wind velocities, which is crucial to produce power during the machine start-up phase.

- by Adeel Hassan Khan
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- Mechanical Engineering, Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Fluid Dynamics
- by Jason Laks and +1
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- Optimal Control, Wind Energy, Control Engineering, Aerodynamics
- by Antonio Pantaleo
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- Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Wind Turbines, Cost of Electricity

Skyscrapers became the defining features of the cityscape with the advent of the 20th century. They become an inevitable and important product that can meet the needs of living for the present and the future. Besides the positive aspects of skyscrapers; the huge consumption of energy is the major problem of these types of tall buildings. This kind of buildings consumes huge amounts of energy in order to generate mechanical and electrical power to artificially light, heat and cool the building. Skyscrapers that can take the benefit from the surrounding natural environment and emphasize the ecological design criteria are the most appropriate solutions for our future and our environment. For that renewable resources can be used for generating sustainable energy in skyscrapers. The wind energy is considered as one of the more affordable and more available types of renewable resources. The wind turbines are mechanical productive mode systems that can supply a clean and non-pollutive energy from the wind. This article investigates the integration of wind turbines for generating the energy in skyscrapers. This article examines the two types of wind turbines that can be integrated into skyscrapers; the Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT), and the Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT). As case studies; this article examines two examples of skyscrapers that incorporate wind turbines to take the advantage of the wind to generate sustainable energy. The first case study is the Bahrain World Trade Center with its three HAWTs. The second case study is the Pearl River Tower with its four VAWTs.

- by Mohammed BA ALAWI
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- Renewable Energy, Wind Turbines, Energy generation, Skyscrapers

The paper aims modeling and simulating a wind turbine and its induction generator (WTIG) system as an electricity source in the power networks. System simulation has been done using the facilities offered by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. At first, equivalent models of various parts of a wind turbine generation system (WTGS) with fixed speed wind turbine (FSWT) are presented, and then an equivalent model of a wind turbine that operates in a grid connected mode is achieved by integrating these sub-models. The proposed equivalent models provide high accuracy for representing the dynamic response of wind power generation systems (WPGS) and can be used for power system simulations. Likewise, the analysis of the reactive power management of a WTGS consisting of FSWTs is carried out by using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). Regarding this matter, the rating calculation of the compensator for a FSWT is performed, and the effect of the network strength on the compensator rating is studied. Furthermore, the compatibility of FSWT with the mathematical models is evaluated by using simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

- by Antoni Sudrià Andreu
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- Power Quality, Modeling and Simulation, Wind Power, Wind turbine
- by Carlos Alberto Souto
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- Wind Turbines, Steam Turbines, Rankine cycles, Maquinas Termicas

Due to their potential to beat the Betz-Joukowsky limit for power extraction, diffuser-augmented wind-turbines have experienced a great research interest, especially in the last two decades. This paper presents a thorough critical-analysis and review of the most important theoretical models conceived for the performance analysis and design of this wind-concentrator system. The models are classified and compared between each other, and their main analogies and differences are highlighted and explained. New bridging relations between several models are also laid down. All methods are verified and validated using new and/or existing numerical and experimental data. For the first time, the impact of the simplifying assumptions, typically used in these models, is evaluated and discussed on a quantitative basis. Attention is also paid to the optimization procedures aimed at evaluating the maximum power-coefficient attainable by a diffuser-augmented wind-turbine. It is revealed that none of these procedures is valid for a given duct geometry, whereas they still offer some usefulness from a design point of view. Finally, the review points out the main limitations, shortcomings and open-issues associated with theoretical models, paving the way for future research lines and improvements of this kind of models.

- by Rodolfo Bontempo and +1
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- Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Fluid Mechanics, Renewable Energy
- by Arturo Alarcón
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- Engineering, Methodology, Economic Development, Optimization

Glass fibre waste (GFW) coming from wind turbine blade production was used for the first time as a reinforcement agent in inorganic polymer (geopolymer) production. The influence of glass fibre content and length on the inorganic polymer microstructure, apparent density, and compressive and tensile strength was evaluated. Results demonstrate that the use of short, randomly distributed fibres significantly enhance the geopolymers' compressive strength (by up to ~162%) and tensile strength (by up to ~77%), while overcoming the brittle nature of the geopolymers. It was also found that the glass fibre content, rather than the fibre length, is the dominant factor affecting the geopolymers' mechanical properties. These results demonstrate the possibility of using an unexplored waste stream (glass fibre waste) as a reinforcement agent in inorganic polymers, which may reduce the amount of wastes in landfill and lower inorganic polymer production costs, while simultaneously contributing towards the circular economy.

- by Robert C Pullar
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- Wind Energy, Waste recycling, Geopolymer Concrete, Wind Power
- by Lindsay McCallum
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- Health, Noise, Public, Electromagnetic Fields
- by Anibal Reñones
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- Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Condition Monitoring, Wind turbine

Condition monitoring of gear-based mechanical systems in non-stationary operation conditions is in general very challenging. This issue is particularly important for wind energy technology because most of the modern wind turbines are geared and gearbox damages account for at least the 20% of their unavailability time. In this work, a new method for the diagnosis of drive-train bearings damages is proposed: the general idea is that vibrations are measured at the tower instead of at the gearbox. This implies that measurements can be performed without impacting the wind turbine operation. The test case considered in this work is a wind farm owned by the Renvico company, featuring six wind turbines with 2 MW of rated power each. A measurement campaign has been conducted in winter 2019 and vibration measurements have been acquired at five wind turbines in the farm. The rationale for this choice is that, when the measurements have been acquired, three wind turbines were healthy, one wind ...

- by Alessandro Daga
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- Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, Signal Processing

The European Strategic Energy Technology Plan, adopted by the European Union in 2008, is a first step to establish an energy technology policy for Europe and to support the 2020 energy and climate change
targets from the technology development point of view. One of its initiatives is to assess the characteristics of the materials that will be needed in order to achieve the 2020 targets, in terms both of amounts of materials and their technical specifications, along with the way to get there for the latter. The Materials Initiative was created to foster a roadmap which is based on a scientific assessment of the current situation. This paper presents the work of the author in the (wind turbine) electricity generator part of that assessment, it includes the aspects of technology and system state-of-the-art; material supply status; on-going research and players; materials specification targets for 2020/2030 and beyond.
The assessment found that the performance of permanent magnets is the single item potentially to provide the most significant improvement in component specification, but that in order to achieve this perhaps new chemical components -based on rare earths, as currently, or not-will be necessary in order to achieve these high-performance magnets. The search for these new materials is stimulated by the current dependency of the world in a nearly-monopolistic supplier of rare earth elements. The assessment also concluded that the improvement of materials specifications is challenging but achievable in most areas, and a crucial aspect for the necessary cost reductions in wind energy production.

- by vivek cm
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- Wind Energy, Wind turbine, Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), Wind Turbines