Women's Empowerment Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
This paper explores the way in which feminism, whilst trying to achieve gender equality, has increased inequality between women. It locates the cause of this in feminism's early adoption of Marxist and Engelsian thought and the way in... more
This paper explores the way in which feminism, whilst trying to achieve gender equality, has increased inequality between women. It locates the cause of this in feminism's early adoption of Marxist and Engelsian thought and the way in which these two thinkers misconstrued the relationship between private and public domains.
This is the catalogue to an exhibition of the same name, which took place at the Worshipful Company of Mercers and Leeds University Art Gallery. It presents fifty outstanding artworks by fifty British Women artists working between 1900 -... more
This is the catalogue to an exhibition of the same name, which took place at the Worshipful Company of Mercers and Leeds University Art Gallery. It presents fifty outstanding artworks by fifty British Women artists working between 1900 - 1950. There is an introductory essay by curator, Sacha Llewellyn, and fifty commentaries about each picture by fifty different writers. The exhibition marks the centenary of the Representation of the People's Act, and aims to readdress the dominant 'master' narrative of British art history.
It is sometimes argued that the non-therapeutic, non-consensual alteration of children’s genitals should be discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls (in which such alterations should be termed ‘female genital... more
It is sometimes argued that the non-therapeutic, non-consensual alteration of children’s genitals should be discussed in two separate ethical discourses: one for girls (in which such alterations should be termed ‘female genital mutilation’ or FGM), and one for boys (in which such alterations should be termed ‘male circumcision’). In this article, I call into question the moral and empirical basis for such a distinction, and argue that all children—whether female, male, or intersex—should be free from having parts of their genitals removed unless there is a pressing medical indication.
“You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women” - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Despite having a fairly long and enlarged provisions including a host of other laws enacted by the government, the empirical reality... more
“You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women”
- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Despite having a fairly long and enlarged provisions including a host of other laws enacted by the government, the empirical reality tells a quite different story that women’s conditions and human rights situation remains gloomy and marginal. The concept of rights and human rights of women as such particularly in the realm of economic and social rights, has been markedly absent from the Indian Government’s activities and approaches to gender equality (Subramanian, 1995). Thus, women are still subdued in our society, they are still not economically emancipated. Not only developing countries even in developed countries the women are facing similar hurdles in achieving equal status to that of men (Engineer, 1992: 32-33), be it politics, administration, civil service, trade, industries, women are extremely inadequately represented.
Thus this study aims to understand the meaning of empowerment and find the relationship between women empowerment and their livelihood engagement. To be more specific does economic empowerment means overall empowerment or is there need to have a holistic view to study empowerment.
In recent years, Central Eastern Europe has been witnessing an unprecedented wave of feminist protests. In spring 2016, a group of Ukrainian, Russian and later, Kazakh activists organised a social media based campaign, where they stressed... more
In recent years, Central Eastern Europe has been witnessing an unprecedented wave of feminist protests. In spring 2016, a group of Ukrainian, Russian and later, Kazakh activists organised a social media based campaign, where they stressed the immutable prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence in contemporary post-Soviet societies. Campaigners used the #ЯнеБоюсьСказать (#IamNotScaredToSpeak) hashtag, which was quickly shared by thousands of women in the above-mentioned countries. The action clearly demonstrates similarities to the North-American and later, global #metoo movement. It is important to note
however, that the Eastern European campaign not only preceded the more famous NorthAmerican mobilisation, but was also organised by, so called, “ordinary women” unlike its
celebrity-focussed counterpart. In the paper entitled “The #яНеБоюсьСказать (#IamNotScaredToSpeak) campaign in the Russian speaking community of Facebook in July
2016: A Critical Discourse Analysis” Anna Sedysheva provides a unique analysis of the character of mobilisation that had started in Ukraine and was overtaken by Russian activists. Attacks on reproductive rights have galvanised public opinion and brought thousands of people into the streets in Poland. An effective platform, countering right-wing and highly
patriarchal governments, has started to form around these protests.
- by Praktyka Teoretyczna and +6
- •
- Women's Studies, Women's Rights, Women, Protest
Sun Tzu, an ancient philosopher, warrior, and creator of Art of War is a military expert. His best creation 'Art of War' suggests the strategies to win in the war. According to him, war is not just head to head fight rather brain to brain... more
Sun Tzu, an ancient philosopher, warrior, and creator of Art of War is a military expert. His best creation 'Art of War' suggests the strategies to win in the war. According to him, war is not just head to head fight rather brain to brain war. One can't guarantee of winning in the war though he has huge military power, because only physical power can never ensure victory. For this, one needs tactics. Sun Tzu says,' Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat'. Many academics and military experts opined that Sun Tzu's strategies are not relevant now-a-days. Because some of his war strategies are backdated. For example he suggested to build wall around state's boundary. It's about impossible to build wall around a large territory. But we can connect this idea with the present strategies. Now technology has been so sophisticated. In the present war air strike is most popular. So any country can make air defense to protect its territory. Then it would be much more difficult to break air defense. Thus Sun Tzu's suggestion can be relevant in all time. More over 'Art of War' is being studied in military, politics, business, foreign policy and so on. So importance of Sun Tzu's war strategies can't be ignored anyhow. The documentary on 'Art of War' describes result of Sun Tzu's prediction on war in American civil war, the world war-2, and Vietnam War. In most cases his prediction came true. To Sun Tzu, war is a matter of life and death. It's the matter of survival. So everyone should take it seriously. Sun Tzu's three principles to win in the war: know yourself, know your enemy and in a hundred battles you will never be in peril. We see its application to Napoleon's rule. He could better assume the power of the enemy. That's why he won in most of the war. Sun Tzu says, " To win in 100 battles is not the height of skill to subdue the enemy without fighting is fighting cost lives and money ". Generals should have clear concept about the power of the enemy, his own power, raw materials of the war, weather and food supply for his shoulders. Otherwise they may fall in trouble. What we see in WW-2 from Hitler's perspective. When his shoulders attacked on Russia from Siberia the then weather was not fit for the Hitler's soldiers. They failed to cope with cold weather. At the same time there was not enough food supply for them. That's why many shoulders died due to lack of food. Sun Tzu warned not to war if you don't have sufficient food supply and clear idea about terrain. In Vietnam War, USA partially applied Sun Tzu's advice. They had no fixed objective in the war. They bombed on Vietnam randomly. They killed thousands of unarmed people within a few days. Vietnamese general Vaanu Yangjia let US army to kill as many as possible. They disseminated it worldwide. That's why people's support within USA and abroad went against US politicians. Here Sun Tzu had instructed to accommodate people's support. US citizens burnt US flag in support of Vietnam. In addition, Sun Tzu emphasized on guerrilla war instead of front war that the Vietnamese applied in their war. Moreover Sun Tzu instructed to bring quick result in the war by surrendering enemy that US army had failed. They decided to continue war for long time.
Migration is not a novel occurrence; it has always been a driving force along with civilization. The main catalyst behind the new era of migration is globalization. Migration is a gendered topic, and in previous academic discourse from... more
Migration is not a novel occurrence; it has always been a driving force along with civilization. The main catalyst behind the new era of migration is globalization. Migration is a gendered topic, and in previous academic discourse from which women have often been excluded from it. However, the effect of male migration on female spouses in the home country is an area where research has been scarce. It was not until the last decade that attention was shed on female migrants; and the important role they play in international migration. Therefore this study seeks to explore the effect of male migration on female empowerment in Egypt. This is achieved by investigating two aspects; first, whether the control over remittances increases women’s autonomy, and decision-making thus resulting in empowerment. Secondly, the study also focuses on whether male migration results in a change in traditional gender roles. In order to overcome previous shortcomings, this study compares two groups: women from low-income families and women from middle income families. The main methodology used in this study was qualitative, and that was achieved through interviews. This study uses Naila Al Kabeer’s definition of empowerment as a focal point of analysis. According to Al Kabeer, the ability to make choices is made up of three interconnected areas: resources that are defined as not only access, but also future claims to material and human social resources; agency, which is decision-making or the process of defining goals and acting upon them. Resources and agency together make up what Amartya Sen calls capabilities. Capabilities are the possible abilities or potential that individuals have for living the lives the way they actually want. Lastly, achievements, which are the outcomes, reached. The researcher focused on formulating questions for the women that address these three aspects.
Women's economic empowerment has come to play an increasingly prominent role in the policies of mainstream development agencies. This article draws on fieldwork amongst small-scale traders in southwestern Nigeria to suggest that the... more
Women's economic empowerment has come to play an increasingly prominent role in the policies of mainstream development agencies. This article draws on fieldwork amongst small-scale traders in southwestern Nigeria to suggest that the capacity of traders to exercise ‘choice’ is more complex than development narratives suggest. Deploying de Certeau's (1984) distinction between strategies and tactics, the article argues that making clear-cut, strategic choices is dependent on having the power to realise them: power that many women in this as in other settings, including those with considerable buying and spending power, are not in a position to fully exercise. Women's struggles for success and survival in this context, the article argues, are waged in domains where their positions as agents are relational, situational, and above all, provisional. As members of families, associations and hearth-holds, their abilities to make active, purposive, choices are constantly reconfigured in relation to these others. ‘Empowerment’ may be defined by mainstream development agencies as a destination, but looking more closely at the experiences of poor women in this setting reveals journeys along pathways that may be pitted with obstacles, in which chance and contingency may play as much of a part as deliberate choice, and for which tactics are needed for survival as well as success. A central argument in this article, then, is for the need to factor contingency into representations of women's working lives in development discourse, which in turn calls for an approach that can accommodate the mediation of agency and the tensions between autonomy and connectedness that course through women's lives.
With the economic position of women in Muslim countries being a regular focus of public attention and a fiercely debated topic amongst academics, few systematic, detailed descriptions and analyses are available. This book presents a new... more
With the economic position of women in Muslim countries being a regular focus of public attention and a fiercely debated topic amongst academics, few systematic, detailed descriptions and analyses are available. This book presents a new and nuanced exploration of the topic, introducing a theoretical framework that accommodates both women's individual agency as well as cultural, economic, religious, and political forces shaping their position. Collating research findings involving more than 300,000 women in 383 provinces in 28 Muslim countries ranging from the Middle East via Sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia to Indonesia in Southeast Asia, the book, based on this wealth of data, shows how many women earn a living outside agriculture, how big the differences in employment likelihood really are, and how these differences can be explained. In doing so it addresses topical debates on the role of Islam, modernization, globalization, neocolonialism, educational inequalities, patriarchy, household hierarchies, and more. This is a sample chapter.
In Weihui’s banned novel, _Shanghai Babe_ (1999), the social effects of globalization can be seen in changing ethical discourses concerning what it is to be a responsible citizen, friend or lover. Beginning with a discussion of... more
In Weihui’s banned novel, _Shanghai Babe_ (1999), the social effects of globalization can be seen in changing ethical discourses concerning what it is to be a responsible citizen, friend or lover. Beginning with a discussion of cosmopolitanism and cultural citizenship, this paper explores how class inequalities and gender hierarchies undercut these ideals. For while the novel celebrates cosmopolitan choice and cultural empowerment, its plot also foregrounds the fragility of interpersonal commitments in the face of market capitalism’s promotion of both a culture of immediate pleasure and an elite culture based on deferred gratification. Similarly, the novel celebrates sexual freedom, but its graphic accounts of the protagonist’s sado-masochistic affair with a married German businessman may leave readers wary of the dangers of transgressing conventional norms.
The aims of the paper to focused the current situation of the tribal women education and the role of women in the society. The tribal women faced various obstacles along with the pathway education of tribal women; therefore for the... more
The aims of the paper to focused the current situation of the tribal women education and the role of women in the society. The tribal women faced various obstacles along with the pathway education of tribal women; therefore for the development of any society the society the education play a major role for its sake; therefore many reasons for the low level of education among the tribal's women. It is generally seen that most of the tribal girls got early marriage due to the pressure of their parents and it is not possible for all tribal girls to continue their further studies. Education is the main key to success of any nation of the country; women are the first teacher of the child in the whole world. At the current time the role of women is considered in all aspect of life. Objective of the study: for this study the main objectives are to discuss the role of tribal women in the society and to describe the issues and challenges of tribal women for their education. Method for the study: The present study qualitative in nature and based on both primary and secondary data. Results and discussions: It is generally seen that the tribal women play a vital role in education and for the Indian society.
The study accessed the media exposure of the women in the community and evaluate the effect of communication in different indicators of women empowerment. It was conducted among women aged above 15 and who are living in the rural... more
The study accessed the media exposure of the women in the community and evaluate the effect of communication in different indicators of women empowerment. It was conducted among women aged above 15 and who are living in the rural community. The study took place among the selected respondents from five (5) villages in two (2) Upazilas of Sylhet district. Data of the study revealed that the majority of the women in these villages are housewives while 19.4% are earning money from different occupations. Although employment is assumed to go hand in hand with payment for work, not all women receive earnings for the work they do. About 93 percent of employed women are paid in cash only, 4 percent receive both cash and in-kind earnings, 2 percent are paid in kind. In both the study areas, on average, around half of the respondents agree that the husband/ father/relative is justified in hitting or beating his wife for the reasons mentioned above. One in every 3 women in areas agreed that if a wife argues with her husband (32%) or refuses to have sex with him (32.8%), he is justified to hit her. Only 15% of the respondents agreed that beating a wife can be a result of not obeying elders in the family. This study found that around 47% of respondents can watch TV, listen to the radio. As the literacy rate is very low here, only around 3% have access to newspapers. 21.8% depend on verbal communication with the elderly/neighbor or other people to get any information. Most of the respondents reported using mobile or the internet for communicating with their relatives (98%) or business clients (97%). 69.3% of women use technology to know the local market and to get ideas about the new products. 42.2% of entrepreneur women use technology to know about fecundity, disease information, and firming techniques. Only 7% of them use technology to expand their business.
Prepared by Women for Women’s Human Rights - New Ways, Women’s Solidarity Foundation, Foundation for Women’s Solidarity, Women’s Coalition - International Working Group, Association for Struggle Against Sexual Violence, Purple Roof... more
Prepared by Women for Women’s Human Rights - New Ways, Women’s Solidarity Foundation, Foundation for Women’s Solidarity, Women’s Coalition - International Working Group, Association for Struggle Against Sexual Violence, Purple Roof Women’s Shelter Foundation, Equality Monitoring Women’s Group, YERELİZ - Local Monitoring, Research and Implementation Association, this alternative report aims to present a civil society perspective, from a gender equality and empowerment of women and girls framework, on Turkey’s implementation of Agenda 2030 and the SDGs.
- by Ammna Nasser
- •
- Gender Studies, Security, Gender, Pakistan
The focus of the study is to highlight the problems of working women in formal sector in Bahawalnagar. Sample of 100 formally employed women are selected from four public sector departments as 20 police women, 40 nurses, 20 school... more
The focus of the study is to highlight the problems of working women in formal sector in Bahawalnagar. Sample of 100 formally employed women are selected from four public sector departments as 20 police women, 40 nurses, 20 school teachers and 20 college lecturers using stratified random sampling. Descriptive analysis is used for highlighting the problems faced by working women in said departments. Results reveal that police women are facing low social status and non-recognition of their jobs. Nurses face unscheduled working hours and low wages and school teachers want higher wages for their work. Unavailability of transport is also a major problem to all formally employed women in our sample.
The prevailing international legal framework in North Macedonia has a certain key role in the process of shaping an up-to-date, democratic society in which gender equality is perceived as one of the foundational principles. Consequently,... more
Microfinance in India flows to the target group with the help of diverse institutions that involve banks, government agencies, and non-government organizations. The concept of microfinance was introduced in India especially for the... more
Microfinance in India flows to the target group with the help of diverse institutions that involve banks, government agencies, and non-government organizations. The concept of microfinance was introduced in India especially for the benefit of poor rural clients demanding credit to fulfil their needs. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) formed under microfinance programmes are self-sustaining and help nurture leadership qualities in women. The scheme of microfinance through SHGs empowers via promoting favourable conditions for women whereby they can have the opportunity to have a say in decision making and take other important decisions for the benefit of the group members. Women under SHGs are now proving themselves as transformational leaders by adding new dimensions to the personality of rural women. Having emerged as successful leaders, they have been transforming lives of many including their families. This study is based on a primary survey where support from secondary sources has also been taken. A schedule was used to collect primary information, nevertheless, secondary data have also been used to support and supplement the objectives and thus to get an insight into the status of disbursement of credit to SHGs through Bank-linkage programme in India. This study will not only help to analyse success of financial inclusion programmes like microfinance, but also to offer us an insight as to how deeply the programme has affected lives of rural people especially women in particular.
Women's Voices is an introductory course that explores the viewpoint of women writers, filmmakers, poets, storytellers, and activists in a variety of genres from differing cultural locations and times in order to learn more about the... more
Women's Voices is an introductory course that explores the viewpoint of women writers, filmmakers, poets, storytellers, and activists in a variety of genres from differing cultural locations and times in order to learn more about the particular positions of women in society and the way social location affects voice, perspective, experience, and storytelling. In addition, this course prepares students to foster critical reading and thinking skills, which will encourage us to think more deeply about our lives and how the interlocking systems of racism, sexism, and heterosexism shape our world. We will examine how individuals have resisted inequalities, worked to create new systems of change, and engaged in national and global transformational politics. Although the focus of the course is women's experiences, we will question what the term " woman " actually means by expanding the category to include a range of diverse perspectives. We will consider women, men, and non-binary individuals equally as agents of change whose lives and artistic productions have impacted the direction of feminism, culture, and storytelling on a wider scale.
Woman's Theology - Black Women's Awakening is a chapter in the book Perspectives on Black Theology. Black Women have long been disenfranchised in our American society. Realizing the program format of Feminist nor the objectives of Black... more
Woman's Theology - Black Women's Awakening is a chapter in the book Perspectives on Black Theology. Black Women have long been disenfranchised in our American society. Realizing the program format of Feminist nor the objectives of Black Theology adequately address the needs of Black women, Black women scholars created a organizational format that better served the needs of Black women in American Society. The contributions and value of Black women have long been ignored. Defining the roles of black women in American society was done by white society without giving consideration to the value of Black Women. This chapter of the book "Perspectives on Black Theology" gives insight into the foundation of Womanist Theology, Black women's interest to self-define and recommends strategies for Womanist to achieve the goals they seek to accomplish.
Introducción Si bien el empoderamiento femenino ha sido abordado desde diferentes perspectivas, se reconoce que el elemento más estudiado es el acceso y control de los recursos económicos, mediante la inserción de la mujer al mercado... more
Introducción
Si bien el empoderamiento femenino ha sido abordado desde diferentes perspectivas, se reconoce que el elemento más estudiado es el acceso y control de los recursos económicos, mediante la inserción de la mujer al mercado laboral. Abordar el empoderamiento femenino exclusivamente desde la perspectiva económica es incorrecto, puesto que el empoderamiento es la igualdad efectiva en todos los ámbitos de la vida.
Objetivo
El objetivo del presente documento es distinguir la relación que existe entre los múltiples factores que constituyen el empoderamiento femenino, ya sea como impulsores o inhibidores, mediante el análisis estructural de redes.
Método
Dada la naturaleza de los datos y el objetivo que persigue este trabajo, la metodología utilizada es el análisis de redes, con base en información teórica de 42 trabajos que hacen referencia al empoderamiento femenino, estereotipos de género en el área laboral y estudios sobre género.
Resultados
En el proceso de empoderamiento femenino el entorno cercano juega un rol particularmente importante. Los elementos más destacados y que inciden con mayor frecuencia en su estudio son: la capacidad de ahorro, el control de recursos económicos, el trabajo invisible y la subordinación en negocio familiar.
Conclusiones
Los constructos sociales siguen restringiendo y discriminando el poder decisorio y la participación femenina en los hogares y comunidades, lo que deriva en la reproducción de relaciones patriarcales y desigualdad de género. La incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral se muestra como un impulso para el empoderamiento femenino.
- by Carlos Mejía Reyes and +1
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- Gender Studies, Gender, Women's Empowerment, Women Empowerment
“Varones Violentos/Estado Negligente”, es un trabajo colectivo realizado por las investigadoras de EQUIFEM, Claudia Hasanbegovic, Rocío Belén Oliva y Carolina Cymerman, publicado en ”Mujeres de Latinoamérica. El presente en Veintidós... more
“Varones Violentos/Estado Negligente”, es un trabajo colectivo realizado por las investigadoras de EQUIFEM, Claudia Hasanbegovic, Rocío Belén Oliva y Carolina Cymerman, publicado en ”Mujeres de Latinoamérica. El presente en Veintidós Letras” (editado por María Estela Lanari y Claudia Hasanbegovic).
“Varones Violentos/Estado Negligente” nos introduce al análisis del reclamo judicial de la cuota alimentaria por parte de madres que quedan a cargo de sus hijos e hijas menores luego de una separación con el padre de las/os mismos.
La investigación toma como punto de partida que el No Pago de Alimentos constituye violencia de género económico-patrimonial que afecta a mujeres y a niños/as por igual.
La investigación también parte de comprender que el patrón de fracaso del Estado en hacer cumplir las Cuotas Alimentarias, ya sea por falencias en la legislación o por ineficacia de los mecanismos judiciales, es una violación a los derechos humanos de mujeres y niñas y niños.
“Varones Violentos/Estado Negligente” presenta los hallazgos de una investigación empírica desarrollada en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y que combinó técnicas cuantitativas con entrevistas en profundidad, notas etnográficas e historias de vida con 90 mujeres de sectores socio-económicos medios-bajos y en situación de calle. Estas mujeres, además de tener en común el género, el ser jefas de hogares ´monomarentales’ con hijos/as pequeños/as compartieron la experiencia de la violencia de género económico-patrimonial por parte de los padres de sus hijos/as, y de haber contactado al Estado (Poder Judicial y Poder Ejecutivo) en búsqueda de su intervención para frenar la violencia, con resultado muy diverso y heterogéneo.
Este ensayo presenta un análisis feminista e interdisciplinario del material recogido, que entrecruza las teorías de género, la antropología, el trabajo social, el derecho de familia y el derecho penal, teniendo como marco general las Convenciones de los Derechos de la Niñez, la CEDAW y Belém do Pará que permiten comprender la violación a los derechos humanos que la ineficacia en asegurar los Alimentos a niñas y niños implican.
Land Reform and Expropriation from Female Owners (1962-1972); Western Iran Case Study Goal: the general aim of the present paper is to outline the evolution of female landlords during Land reform revisions. We want to show why and how... more
Land Reform and Expropriation from Female Owners (1962-1972); Western Iran Case Study
Goal: the general aim of the present paper is to outline the evolution of female landlords during Land reform revisions. We want to show why and how expropriation of possession from women happened and its consequences.
Methodology: The present study uses a qualitative approach. Data were gathered based on library documents and resources and in accordance with targeted sampling. For data analysis, grounded theory method was used.
Findings: Findings reveal that over the process of Land reform women were denied ownership in a large scale. The major reasons for expropriation from women were: the Law of Land reform, absence of female owners, quota and quota-setting which was considered a masculine right by convention in rural communities, and finally the collapse of the lord-servant system. Expropriation from women had various implications. For example, submission and subjection of rural women, inequality of rural-urban women, self-burning of rural women and expansion of legal possession were all among the consequences of removing women from land ownership in rural
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has not only opened up new opportunities for economic growth and social development but has also posed problems and challenges. It can shape and enhance a wide range of... more
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) revolution has not only opened up new opportunities for economic growth and social development but has also posed problems and challenges. It can shape and enhance a wide range of developmental applications in agriculture, industry and social sectors and is influencing all sections of the society. ICT provides unique opportunities for human development. At the same time, ICT has been widening the gaps between and within countries, regions, gender while increasing disparities divide between the rural-urban, rich-poor, elite neglected and also within the different categories of women in various spheres of activity. It is necessary to build up women capacities to involve them in productive activities, institutional building, family and social transformation, decision-making process, political representation, trade and commerce, entrepreneurial development and social leadership. There is a need to enhance opportunities to women to enable them to own, manage and control industries and service enterprises including IT-based units. There is also need to provide more opportunities in e-related sectors to them in higher managerial, technical positions in government and non-government agencies, research, educational institutions in private and public sectors, without confining their role to only call centres, telecentres, data-entry level and lower levels in the organizations. ICT has to address all these problems of women as a whole and has to be used to facilitate to build women empowered society.
This course introduces students to the history of women in the United States since 1880.
Encouraging women as entrepreneurs in the recent scenario are the government initiative over the globe. Some women started these small enterprises to support their living and their families, however, the commitments are minor and... more
Encouraging women as entrepreneurs in the recent scenario are the government initiative over the globe. Some women started these small enterprises to support their living and their families, however, the commitments are minor and significant numbers of projects are probably not increasing in the long run. Thus, the current study aims to explore the factors contributing in motive behind female entrepreneurship to participate in the economic development as an effective entrepreneur by leading a successful business based on their specifics characteristics. Using factor analysis with the data of 80 female entrepreneurs, the study concluded that there are nine indicators that contribute significantly to become a successful entrepreneur. Therefore, the current study suggests that there must be a ceaseless effort to move, stimulate and coordinate with women entrepreneur while developing the policies to promote women in business meanwhile, women itself need to attempt and update themselves inside the changing over occasions by methods for adjusting the pristine time benefits. Women ought to be taught and talented persistently to assemble the capacities and information in the greater part of the viable districts of business administration. This will encourage women to exceed expectations in choice-making process and expand a decent business.