Word length Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

В докладе рассматриваются статистические закономерности распределения ритмических масс по строкам и строфам русского классического сонета. Основной материал – 200 сонетов из сборника К.Д. Бальмонта «Сонеты Солнца, Меда и Луны».... more

В докладе рассматриваются статистические закономерности распределения ритмических масс по строкам и строфам русского классического сонета. Основной материал – 200 сонетов из сборника К.Д. Бальмонта «Сонеты Солнца, Меда и Луны». Сформирован усредненный геометрический профиль динамики ритма русского сонета и установлена корреляционная связь между ритмической структурой и смыслом сонета. Исследована связь между ритмическими и лингво-полиграфическими характе-ристиками сонета: размером слова, консонантным коэффициентом и др.
Исследование рассчитано на широкий круг филологов-русистов, стиховедов, искусствоведов, специалистов в области структурной, прикладной и квантитативной лингвистики.

Recent research has demonstrated that dyslexic children suffer impairments in both phonological skills and in working memory performance. In principle either a phonological deficit or a working memory deficit could underlie both sets of... more

Recent research has demonstrated that dyslexic children suffer impairments in both phonological skills and in working memory performance. In principle either a phonological deficit or a working memory deficit could underlie both sets of symptoms. This issue was addressed via a series of experiments designed to explore the relationships between dyslexia, age, phonological performance and working memory. Two groups of

This paper is based on an argument proposed by Salant (1969), who complained that on many occasions he found the writing of his colleagues “nearly incomprehensible,” and made suggestions to improve economists’ writing skills. Among other... more

This paper is based on an argument proposed by Salant (1969), who complained that on many occasions he found the writing of his colleagues “nearly incomprehensible,” and made suggestions to improve economists’ writing skills. Among other things, he argued that a “simple way of avoiding clumsiness is to prefer the short word to the long one and to avoid the unfamiliar word if a familiar one can be found that is equally correct, specific, and concrete” (p. 556). We call this “the Salant hypothesis,” and use ANOVA to test this hypothesis by comparing the average length of words used by Nobel laureates in their banquet speeches. We find that Literature laureates tend to use shorter words than laureates in other disciplines, and the difference is statistically significant. These results confirm Salant’s idea that words are a scarce resource and should be used efficiently. This includes using short words instead of longer ones whenever possible. In short, good writing is also “economical writing.”

The truncation error of fixed-point multiplication is commonly modelled as white noise with a uniform distribution. This paper shows the inaccuracy of this assumption by using a bitwise approach. A probabilistic bit-pattern analysis of... more

The truncation error of fixed-point multiplication is commonly modelled as white noise with a uniform distribution. This paper shows the inaccuracy of this assumption by using a bitwise approach. A probabilistic bit-pattern analysis of the fixed-point multiplication is presented from which an accurate probability model for the truncation error is derived. Using this PDF model, exact values for the mean and variance of the truncation error in the output of the fixed-point multiplication are formulated for the first time. The proposed PDF model, mean and variance values are compact and usable in word-length optimization algorithms.

Third and fifth grade children (average age 8.6and 10.6 years) and adult participants weretested with printed words of varying length ina new on-line identification task (theluminance increment paradigm, LIP) and aspeeded naming task.... more

Third and fifth grade children (average age 8.6and 10.6 years) and adult participants weretested with printed words of varying length ina new on-line identification task (theluminance increment paradigm, LIP) and aspeeded naming task. Effects of general length(length in letters, phonemes and syllables)were shown to decrease systematically with agein both tasks. Third grade children showedsubstantial effects of word length while theeffect practically disappeared in adults. Ingeneral, this developmental pattern was alsofound when separately examining effects ofphonological length (with length in lettersheld constant) and small unit length (withnumber of syllables held constant), althoughsome differences were observed in performancein the identification and the naming task. Thetwo tasks also showed different developmentalpatterns, with the greatest gain in performancearising between 3rd and 5th grade inthe naming task, and the largest improvementoccurring between 5th grade and adults inthe identification task. The results suggestthat the new luminance increment paradigm canbe usefully applied as an on-line measure ofprinted word perception in beginning readers.

This study assessed eye movement abnormalities of adolescent dyslexic readers and interpreted the findings by linking the dual-route model of single word reading with the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control during silent sentence... more

This study assessed eye movement abnormalities of adolescent dyslexic readers and interpreted the findings by linking the dual-route model of single word reading with the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control during silent sentence reading. A dysfunction of the lexical route was assumed to account for a reduced number of words which received only a single fixation or which were skipped and for the increased number of words with multiple fixations and a marked effect of word length on gaze duration. This pattern was interpreted as a frequent failure of orthographic whole-word recognition (based on orthographic lexicon entries) and on reliance on serial sublexical processing instead. Inefficiency of the lexical route was inferred from prolonged gaze durations for singly fixated words. These findings were related to the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control. Slow activation of word phonology accounted for the low skipping rate of dyslexic readers. Frequent reliance on sublexical decoding was inferred from a tendency to fixate word beginnings and from short forward saccades. Overall, the linkage of the dual-route model of single word reading and a model of eye movement control led to a useful framework for understanding eye movement abnormalities of dyslexic readers.

Length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K c & K n) and stomach contents of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax were studied at Bardawil lagoon, North Sinai, Egypt. The fish were collected monthly from landing site during the... more

Length-weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K c & K n) and stomach contents of European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax were studied at Bardawil lagoon, North Sinai, Egypt. The fish were collected monthly from landing site during the fishing season 2008 (April-December 2008). The LWR had a significant correlation for this species and the growth exponent (b) was not significantly different from 3 which indicates an isometric growth. Condition factor values were higher than the value one, and varied with size and season. Stomach contents revealed that this species is carnivorous and that diet composition varies seasonally and by length.

Many studies have been developed aiming to improve digital filters realizations, recurring to intricate structures and analysing the errors behaviour. The work presented in this paper analyses the feasibility of fixed- point... more

Many studies have been developed aiming to improve digital filters realizations, recurring to intricate structures and analysing the errors behaviour. The work presented in this paper analyses the feasibility of fixed- point implementation of classical IIR notch filters (Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel and elliptic), and also the effect of the quality factor and normalized cut -off frequency in the number of significant bits necessa ry to represent the coefficients, to scrutinize the defor mations the filters suffer for distinct design specificatio ns. The work focuses especially in the implementation o f power line notch filters used to improve the signal -to- noise ratio in biomedical signals. The obtained res ults, when quantizing the digital notch filters, show tha t by applying second order sections decomposition, low-o rder digital filters may be designed using only part of double precision capabilities, while high-order notch filt ers with harsh design constrains are implement...