layout - Change layout of graph plot - MATLAB (original) (raw)

Change layout of graph plot

Syntax

Description

layout([H](#buxdj61%5Fsep%5Fshared-H)) changes the layout of graph plot H by using an automatic choice of layout method based on the structure of the graph. The layout function modifies theXData and YData properties ofH.

example

layout([H](#buxdj61%5Fsep%5Fshared-H),[method](#buxdj61-method)) optionally specifies the layout method. method can be'circle', 'force','layered', 'subspace','force3', or 'subspace3'.

example

layout([H](#buxdj61%5Fsep%5Fshared-H),[method](#buxdj61-method),[Name,Value](#namevaluepairarguments)) uses additional options specified by one or more name-value pair arguments. For example, layout(H,'force','Iterations',N) specifies the number of iterations to use in computing the force layout, andlayout(H,'layered','Sources',S) uses a layered layout with source nodes S included in the first layer.

example

Examples

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Graph Layout Based on Structure

Create and plot a graph using the 'force' layout.

s = [1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 6 6]; t = [2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11]; G = graph(s,t); h = plot(G,'Layout','force');

Change the layout to be the default that plot determines based on the structure and properties of the graph. The result is the same as using plot(G).

Change Layout of Graph

Create and plot a graph using the 'layered' layout.

s = [1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7]; t = [2 4 5 3 6 4 7 8 6 8 7 8]; G = graph(s,t); h = plot(G,'Layout','layered');

Change the layout of the graph to use the 'subspace' method.

Refine Layout Method of Graph

Create and plot a graph using the 'layered' layout method.

s = [1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4]; t = [2 4 5 6 2 4 7 8 1]; G = digraph(s,t); h = plot(G,'Layout','layered');

Use the layout function to refine the hierarchical layout by specifying source nodes and a horizontal orientation.

layout(h,'layered','Direction','right','Sources',[1 4])

Graph Layout with Multiple Components

Plot a graph that has multiple components, and then show how to use the 'UseGravity' option to improve the visualization.

Create and plot a graph that has 150 nodes separated into many disconnected components. MATLAB® lays the graph components out on a grid.

s = [1 3 5 7 7 10:100]; t = [2 4 6 8 9 randi([10 100],1,91)]; G = graph(s,t,[],150); h = plot(G);

Update the layout coordinates of the graph object, and specify 'UseGravity' as true so that the components are laid out radially around the origin, with more space allotted for the larger components.

layout(h,'force','UseGravity',true)

Graph Layout Based on Edge Weights

Plot a graph using the 'WeightEffect' name-value pair to make the length of graph edges proportional to their weights.

Create and plot a directed graph with weighted edges.

s = [1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3]; t = [2 4 5 6 7 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14]; weights = randi([1 20],1,13); G = graph(s,t,weights); p = plot(G,'Layout','force','EdgeLabel',G.Edges.Weight);

Recompute the layout of the graph using the 'WeightEffect' name-value pair, so that the length of each edge is proportional to its weight. This makes it so that the edges with the largest weights are the longest.

layout(p,'force','WeightEffect','direct')

Input Arguments

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Input graph plot, specified as a GraphPlot object. Use the graph or digraph functions to create a graph, and then use plot with an output argument to return a GraphPlot object.

Example: H = plot(G)

method — Layout method

'auto' (default) | 'circle' | 'force' | 'layered' | 'subspace' | 'force3' | 'subspace3'

Layout method, specified as one of the options in the table. The table also lists compatible name-value pairs to further refine each layout method.

Example: layout(H,'layered')

Example: layout(H,'force3','Iterations',10)

Example: layout(H,'subspace','Dimension',50)

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments asName1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: layout(H,'subspace','Dimension',200)

Force

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Iterations — Number of force-directed layout iterations

100 (default) | positive scalar integer

Number of force-directed layout iterations, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Iterations' and a positive scalar integer.

This option is available only when method is'force' or 'force3'.

Example: layout(H,'force','Iterations',250)

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

WeightEffect — Effect of edge weights on layout

'none' (default) | 'direct' | 'inverse'

Effect of edge weights on layout, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'WeightEffect' and one of the values in this table. If there are multiple edges between two nodes (as in a directed graph with an edge in each direction, or a multigraph), then the weights are summed before computing'WeightEffect'.

This option is available only when method is'force' or 'force3'.

Example: layout(H,'force','WeightEffect','inverse')

UseGravity — Gravity toggle for layouts with multiple components

'off' orfalse (default) | 'on' or true

Gravity toggle for layouts with multiple components, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'UseGravity' and either 'off', 'on',true, or false. A value of'on' is equivalent to true, and 'off' is equivalent tofalse.

By default, MATLAB® lays out graphs with multiple components on a grid. The grid can obscure the details of larger components since they are given the same amount of space as smaller components. With'UseGravity' set to 'on' ortrue, multiple components are instead laid out radially around the origin. This layout spreads out the components in a more natural way, and provides more space for larger components.

This option is available only when method is'force' or 'force3'.

Example: layout(H,'force','UseGravity',true)

Data Types: char | logical

XStart — Starting x-coordinates for nodes

vector

Starting x-coordinates for nodes, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'XStart' and a vector of node coordinates. Use this option together with 'YStart' to specify 2-D starting coordinates (or with 'YStart' and 'ZStart' to specify 3-D starting coordinates) before iterations of the force-directed algorithm change the node positions.

This option is available only when method is'force' or 'force3'.

Example: layout(H,'force','XStart',x,'YStart',y)

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

YStart — Starting y-coordinates for nodes

vector

Starting y-coordinates for nodes, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'YStart' and a vector of node coordinates. Use this option together with 'XStart' to specify 2-D starting coordinates (or with 'XStart' and 'ZStart' to specify 3-D starting coordinates) before iterations of the force-directed algorithm change the node positions.

This option is available only when method is'force' or 'force3'.

Example: layout(H,'force','XStart',x,'YStart',y)

Example: layout(H,'force','XStart',x,'YStart',y,'ZStart',z)

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

ZStart — Starting z-coordinates for nodes

vector

Starting z-coordinates for nodes, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ZStart' and a vector of node coordinates. Use this option together with 'XStart' and 'YStart' to specify the starting_x_, y, and z node coordinates before iterations of the force-directed algorithm change the node positions.

This option is available only when method is'force3'.

Example: layout(H,'force','XStart',x,'YStart',y,'ZStart',z)

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

Layered

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Direction — Direction of layers

'down' (default) | 'up' | 'left' | 'right'

Direction of layers, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Direction' and either 'down','up', 'left' or'right'. For directed acyclic (DAG) graphs, the arrows point in the indicated direction.

This option is available only when method is'layered'.

Example: layout(H,'layered','Direction','up')

Sources — Nodes to include in the first layer

node indices | node names

Nodes to include in the first layer, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Sources' and one or more node indices or node names.

This table shows the different ways to refer to one or more nodes either by their numeric node indices or by their node names.

This option is available only when method is'layered'.

Example: layout(H,'layered','Sources',[1 3 5])

Sinks — Nodes to include in the last layer

node indices | node names

Nodes to include in the last layer, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Sinks' and one or more node indices or node names.

This option is available only when method is'layered'.

Example: layout(H,'layered','Sinks',[2 4 6])

AssignLayers — Layer assignment method

'auto' (default) | 'asap' | 'alap'

Layer assignment method, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'AssignLayers' and one of the options in this table.

This option is available only when method is'layered'.

Example: layout(H,'layered','AssignLayers','alap')

Subspace

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Dimension — Dimension of embedded subspace

positive scalar integer

Dimension of embedded subspace, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Dimension' and a positive scalar integer.

• The default integer value is min([100, numnodes(G)]).
• For the 'subspace' layout, the integer must be greater than or equal to 2.
• For the 'subspace3' layout, the integer must be greater than or equal to 3.
• In both cases, the integer must be less than the number of nodes.

This option is available only when method is'subspace' or'subspace3'.

Example: layout(H,'subspace','Dimension',d)

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

Circle

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Center — Center node in circular layout

node index | node name

Center node in circular layout, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Center' and one of the values in this table.

This option is available only when method is'circle'.

Example: layout(H,'circle','Center',3) places node three at the center.

Example: layout(H,'circle','Center','Node1') places the node named 'Node1' at the center.

Tips

• Use the Layout name-value pair to change the layout of a graph when you plot it. For example,plot(G,'Layout','circle') plots the graphG with a circular layout.
• When using the 'force' or 'force3' layout methods, a best practice is to use more iterations with the algorithm instead of using XStart, YStart, andZStart to restart the algorithm using previous outputs. The result of executing the algorithm with 100 iterations is different in comparison to executing 50 iterations, and then restarting the algorithm from the ending positions to execute 50 more iterations.

References

[1] Fruchterman, T., and E. Reingold,. “Graph Drawing by Force-directed Placement.” Software — Practice & Experience. Vol. 21 (11), 1991, pp. 1129–1164.

[2] Gansner, E., E. Koutsofios, S. North, and K.-P Vo. “A Technique for Drawing Directed Graphs.” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. Vol.19, 1993, pp. 214–230.

[3] Barth, W., M. Juenger, and P. Mutzel. “Simple and Efficient Bilayer Cross Counting.” Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications. Vol.8 (2), 2004, pp. 179–194.

[4] Brandes, U., and B. Koepf. “Fast and Simple Horizontal Coordinate Assignment.” LNCS. Vol. 2265, 2002, pp. 31–44.

[5] Y. Koren. “Drawing Graphs by Eigenvectors: Theory and Practice.” Computers and Mathematics with Applications. Vol. 49, 2005, pp. 1867–1888.

Version History

Introduced in R2015b