Nickenichite (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About NickenichiteHide
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Formula:
Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3
Colour:
Bright blue to gray blue.
Specific Gravity:
4.06 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by M. Auernhammer, H. Effenberger, G. Hentschel, Th. Reinecke, and E. Tillmanns in 1993 for the type locality at Nickenicher Sattel (Eicher Sattel), Eich, Andernach, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
This page provides mineralogical data about Nickenichite.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2900:7
424a7646-5f2f-4861-ae58-68a2f1d63e19
IMA Classification of NickenichiteHide
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IMA Formula:
Na(Ca0.5Cu0.5)MgMg2(AsO4)3
Type description reference:
Auernhammer, M., Effenberger, H., Hentschel, G., Reinecke, Th., Tillmanns, E. (1993) Nickenichite, a new arsenate from the Eifel, Germany. Mineralogy and Petrology, 48 (2) 153-166 doi:10.1007/bf01163094
Classification of NickenichiteHide
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8.AC.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
38.2.3.9
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Nkn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of NickenichiteHide
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Colour:
Bright blue to gray blue.
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} perfect; {100} and {101} good.
Density:
4.06 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of NickenichiteHide
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RI values:
_n_α = 1.714(5) _n_β = 1.744(5) _n_γ = 1.783(5)
2V:
Measured: 60° to 84°, Calculated: 86°
δ = 0.069
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Optical Extinction:
Z ∧ a = 28° on (010); Y = b.
Comments:
Light blue to blue.
Chemistry of NickenichiteHide
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Mindat Formula:
Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3
Crystallography of NickenichiteHide
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Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.882 Å, b = 12.76 Å, c = 6.647 Å
β = 112.81°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.931 : 1 : 0.521
Unit Cell V:
928.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Fibrous to long prismatic. Elongate [101], commonly radial or lamellar parallel to (010), some showing {010}, {100}, and {101}.
Comment:
TMPM 48:153 (1993) structure.
Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014632 | Nickenichite | Auernhammer M, Effenberger H, Hentschel G, Reinecke T, Tillmanns E (1993) Nickenichite, a new arsenate from the Eifel, Germany Mineralogy and Petrology 48 153-166 | 1993 | Nickenich, Nickenicher Sattel, Eifel, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.35 Å | (40) |
| 4.06 Å | (50) |
| 3.56 Å | (40) |
| 3.53 Å | (40) |
| 3.20 Å | (60) |
| 3.07 Å | (40) |
| 2.74 Å | (100) |
| 2.61 Å | (40) |
Comments:
TMPM 48:153 (1993)
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of NickenichiteHide
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General Appearance of Type Material:
Bright blue fibrous to long prismatic monoclinic grains up to 0.20 mm long and 0.03 mm in diameter, elongate [101], commonly radial or lamellar parallel to (010).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Scoriaceous basalt from a Quaternary volcano.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Auernhammer, M., Effenberger, H., Hentschel, G., Reinecke, Th. and Tillmanns, E. (1993): Nickenichite, a new arsenate from the Eifel, Germany. Mineralogy and Petrology, 48, 153-166.
Synonyms of NickenichiteHide
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Other Language Names for NickenichiteHide
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Relationship of Nickenichite to other SpeciesHide
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Other Members of this group:
| Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
|---|---|---|
| Alluaudite-Ca□ | ◻4Ca4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Alluaudite-Na□ | ◻4Na4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| Badalovite | Na2Mg2Fe(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Calciohatertite | NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Calciojohillerite | NaCaMg3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Camanchacaite | NaCaMg2[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Canutite | NaMn3[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| Erikapohlite | Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Ferroalluaudite-NaNa | Na4Na4Fe2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
| Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Hagendorfite-NaNa | NaNaFe2+(Mn2+,Mn3+)(PO4)3 (?) | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Hatertite | Na2(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Cu)2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Johillerite | Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Keyite | Cu2+3Zn4Cd2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Khrenovite | Na3Fe3+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| Magnesiocanutite | NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2] | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Magnesiohatertite | (Na,Ca)2Ca(Mg,Fe3+)2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| O'Danielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Paraberzeliite | NaCa2Mg2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Unnamed (Na-Mg Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate) | NaMg3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Unnamed (Na-Zn-H Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate) | Na(Na0.6Zn0.4)Zn2(H0.6AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Yazganite | NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn2+)(AsO4)3 · H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| Zhanghuifenite | Na3Mn4Mg2Al(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m |
| Zincobradaczekite | NaZn2Cu2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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| 8.AC. | Angarfite | NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4 · 4H2O | Orth. 222 : _C_2221 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.AC. | Wopmayite | Ca6Na3◻Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.X | Dyrnaesite-(La) | Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| 8.AC. | Edtollite | K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC. | Alumoedtollite | K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC. | Crocobelonite | CaFe3+2O(PO4)2 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| 8.AC. | Manganobadalovite | NaNaMn(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC. | Beershevaite | CaFe3+3(PO4)3O | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m |
| 8.AC. | Calciohatertite | NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC. | Kabalovite | Fe2+3Fe3+4(PO4)6 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC. | Nazarchukite | Ca2NiFe3+2(PO4)4 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c a |
| 8.AC. | Changesite–(Y) | (Ca8Y)◻Fe2+(PO4)7 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC. | Crocobelonite-1M | CaFe3+2O(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m |
| 8.AC. | Ebnerite | (NH4)Zn(PO4) | Hex. 6 : _P_63 |
| 8.AC. | Magnesioqingheiite | Na2Mg(MgAl)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC. | Epiebnerite | (NH4)Zn(PO4) | Mon. 2 : _P_21 |
| 8.AC.02 | Grigorievite | Cu3Fe3+2Al2(VO4)6 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC.02 | Koksharovite | CaMg2Fe3+4(VO4)6 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC.02 | Ziminaite | Fe3+ 6 (VO4)6 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC.05 | Calciojohillerite | NaCaMg3(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Howardevansite | NaCuFe2(VO4)3 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC.05 | O'Danielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 va | Alluaudite-Na□ | ◻4Na4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 va | Alluaudite-Ca□ | ◻4Ca4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 va | Ferroalluaudite-NaNa | Na4Na4Fe2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 8.AC.05 | Hagendorfite-NaNa | NaNaFe2+(Mn2+,Mn3+)(PO4)3 (?) | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Erikapohlite | Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m |
| 8.AC.05 | Hatertite | Na2(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Cu)2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Unnamed (Na-Mg Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate) | NaMg3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Unnamed (Na-Zn-H Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate) | Na(Na0.6Zn0.4)Zn2(H0.6AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Zincobradaczekite | NaZn2Cu2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Badalovite | Na2Mg2Fe(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Magnesiocanutite | NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2] | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Magnesiohatertite | (Na,Ca)2Ca(Mg,Fe3+)2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Khrenovite | Na3Fe3+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Paraberzeliite | NaCa2Mg2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Camanchacaite | NaCaMg2[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.05 | Manganohatertite | NaNaCa(MnFe3+)(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.07 | Zhanghuifenite | Na3Mn4Mg2Al(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.07 | Ferrobobfergusonite | Na2Fe2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6 | Mon. |
| 8.AC.10 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.10 | Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.10 | Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.10 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.10 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.10 | Johillerite | Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.10 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,◻)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.10 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.10 | Ferrohagendorfite | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 | Mon. |
| 8.AC.10 | Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.10 | Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 | Mon. 2/m : _B_2/b |
| 8.AC.15 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 | Mon. 2/m : _P_2/b |
| 8.AC.15 | Ferrowyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.AC.15 | Qingheiite | NaNaMn2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.AC.15 | Rosemaryite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.AC.15 | Wyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.15 | Ferrorosemaryite | ◻NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.15 | Ferroqingheiite | NaNaFe2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m |
| 8.AC.17 | Czochralskiite | Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P n m a |
| 8.AC.18 | Manitobaite | Na16Mn2+ 25Al8(PO4)30 | Mon. m : P b |
| 8.AC.20 | Marićite | NaFe2+(PO4) | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P m n a |
| 8.AC.25 | Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : I a_3_d |
| 8.AC.25 | Manganberzeliite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3 | Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : I a_3_d |
| 8.AC.25 | Palenzonaite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3 | Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : I a_3_d |
| 8.AC.25 | Schäferite | (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 | Iso. m_3_m _(_4/_m_32/m ) : I a_3_d |
| 8.AC.25 | Hedegaardite | (Ca,Na)9(Ca,Na)Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.25 | Matyhite | Ca18(Ca,◻)2Fe2+2(PO4)14 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.30 | Brianite | Na2CaMg(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.AC.35 | Vitusite-(Ce) | Na3(Ce,La,Nd)(PO4)2 | Orth. m _m_2 : P c _a_21 |
| 8.AC.40 | Olgite | (Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : _P_3_m_1 |
| 8.AC.40 | Bario-olgite | (Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 · | Trig. 3 : _P_3 |
| 8.AC.45 | Strontiowhitlockite | Sr9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.45 | Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.45 | Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_m |
| 8.AC.45 | Tuite | Ca3(PO4)2 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m |
| 8.AC.45 | Ferromerrillite | Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7 | Trig. 3_m_ : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.47 | Iwateite | Na2BaMn(PO4)2 | Trig. 3 : _P_3 |
| 8.AC.47 | Yurmarinite | Na7(Fe3+,Mg,Cu)4(AsO4)6 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.47 | Ozerovaite | Na2KAl3(AsO4)4 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : C m c a |
| 8.AC.47 | Anatolyite | Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.47 | Pansnerite | K3Na3(Fe3+,Al)6(AsO4)8 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) |
| 8.AC.50 | Chladniite | Na3CaMg11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 8.AC.50 | Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 8.AC.50 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 8.AC.50 | Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 | Trig. 3 : _R_3 |
| 8.AC.50 | Xenophyllite | Na4Fe2+7(PO4)6 | Tric. 1 : _P_1 |
| 8.AC.50 | Udinaite | NaMg4(VO4)3 | Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d |
| 8.AC.50 | Arsenudinaite | NaMg4(AsO4)3 | Tet. 42_m_ : I_42_d |
| 8.AC.52 | Lasnierite | (Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe2+)2Al(P[O,F]4)3 | Orth. m m m _(_2/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : P b c n |
| 8.AC.55 | Pharmazincite | KZnAsO4 | Hex. 6 : _P_63 |
| 8.AC.57 | Zubkovaite | Ca3Cu3(AsO4)4 | Mon. 2 : _B_2 |
| 8.AC.60 | Kosnarite | KZr2(PO4)3 | Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c |
| 8.AC.65 | Panethite | (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)2 | Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b |
| 8.AC.70 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 | Mon. |
| 8.AC.75 | Ronneburgite | K2MnV4O12 | Mon. 2/m |
| 8.AC.80 | Tillmannsite | Ag3Hg[(V,As)O4] | Tet. 4 : _I_4 |
| 8.AC.85 | Filatovite | K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8 | Mon. 2/m |
Fluorescence of NickenichiteHide
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Other InformationHide
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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for NickenichiteHide
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References for NickenichiteHide
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Reference List:
Auernhammer, M., Effenberger, H., Hentschel, G., Reinecke, Th., Tillmanns, E. (1993) Nickenichite, a new arsenate from the Eifel, Germany. Mineralogy and Petrology, 48 (2) 153-166 doi:10.1007/bf01163094
Localities for NickenichiteHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
| Germany (TL) | |
|---|---|
| Rhineland-Palatinate Mayen-Koblenz Pellenz Nickenich Nickenicher Sattel ⓘ Nickenichite-bearing fumarole (TL) | Auernhammer et al. (1993) |
| ⓘ Nickenicher Weinberg | Blass et al. (2006) |
| Italy | |
| Campania Metropolitan City of Naples ⓘ Vesuvius fumaroles ? | Russo et al. (2022) |
| Russia | |
| Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) Second scoria cone ⓘ Arsenatnaya fumarole | Stephan Wolfsried collection (from material analysed by Igor Pekov) +1 other reference |