Woodruffite (original) (raw)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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About WoodruffiteHide

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Formula:

Zn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2 · yH2O

Colour:

Dark brown to black

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

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Named in 1953 by Clifford Frondel in honour of Samuel Woodruff (1813, New Jersey, USA - 1880+ Sparta, New Jersey, USA), an early nineteenth century zinc miner and an indefatigable mineral collector of Sparta (Ogdensburg), New Jersey, USA. Frederick A. Canfield, Jr. suggested that more Franklin minerals were collected by Woodruff than by both miners of the Losey family and by the several miners of the Kemble family. The senior Canfield purchased Samuel Woodruff's mineral collection in 1865. A Samuel Woodruff had a limestone quarry known for its chondrodite in Sparta (Ogdensburg), New Jersey, USA, and he apparently received a patent for a seed planting hoe in 1858. A notice read: "July 10, 1878 The studio of Mr. Samuel Woodruff at Sparta is well worth a visit by those who have a love for the charms in nature and art. Mr. Woodruff is best known as a painter of portraits, but excels as a delineator of fish and game. His studio is lined with the products of his skilful brush, many of which are worthy a place beside works of greater pretensions. Mr. W. is also noted as a mineralogist, and is the possessor of the finest collection of minerals, both native and foreign, to be found in the county. His cabinet contains many hundred specimens from all parts of the country, including some rare and curious specimens from Franklin Furnace and Ogdensbur[g]."

At the type locality, found chiefly as masses and crusts with a botryoidal surface and a concentric, coarsely layered internal structure. The material is very fine-grained and is opaque in crushed grains. Occasionally, corroded crystals of franklinite are found embedded in the masses, and certain of the layers, usually the outermost, may contain disseminated, platy crystals of chalcophanite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:4312:6

02658c21-69c9-4b00-a383-2118bcc93ae8

IMA Classification of WoodruffiteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Zn2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 · 4H2O

Classification of WoodruffiteHide

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4.FL.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra

7.8.1.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7

7.5.9

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Wdr	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of WoodruffiteHide

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Colour:

Dark brown to black

Comment:

Aggregates may be soft or powdery

Fracture:

Conchoidal, Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

4.01 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.983 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Chemistry of WoodruffiteHide

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Mindat Formula:

Zn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2 · yH2O

x ~ 0.4 and y ~ 0.7

Crystallography of WoodruffiteHide

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Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 24.81 Å, b = 2.85 Å, c = 9.58 Å
β = 93.85°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 8.705 : 1 : 3.361

Comment:

Pseudo-tetragonal (primitive); a ~8.42, c ~9.28 A.

Crystal StructureHide

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ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0003182	Woodruffite	Post J E, Heaney P J, Cahill C L, Finger L W (2003) Woodruffite: A new Mn oxide structure with 3x4 tunnels American Mineralogist 88 1697-1702		2003	0	100

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
9.34 Å	(50)
4.66 Å	(100)
4.08 Å	(30)
3.64 Å	(30)
3.08 Å	(20b)
2.66 Å	(60)
2.48 Å	(60)
2.39 Å	(30)
2.32 Å	(20)
2.16 Å	(30)
2.12 Å	(30)
1.86 Å	(40)
1.81 Å	(30)
1.69 Å	(40)
1.68 Å	(20)
1.61 Å	(30)
1.57 Å	(10)
1.52 Å	(20)
1.48 Å	(50)
1.42 Å	(30)
1.40 Å	(30)
1.34 Å	(30)
1.30 Å	(30)
1.22 Å	(10)
1.13 Å	(10)
1.10 Å	(10)
1.05 Å	(10)

Comments:

ICDD 16-338. X-ray patterns may superficially resemble todorokite or cryptomelane. Above d values for Sandur, India. The d values of type material vary from that of Sandur: 9.51 (50), 6.99 (40), 4.77 (100), 4.40 (30), 3.48 (20), 3.13 (20), 2.63 (20), 2.466 (40), 2.404 (50), 2.225 (50), 2.131 (20), 1.984 (30), 1.985 (20), 1.747 (20), 1.660 (20), 1.423 (50) (Frondel, 1953). See also x-ray data of Meisser and Perseil (1993) showing better data fit with type material.

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Type Occurrence of WoodruffiteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:

Botryoidal with fine-grained internal structure may show concentric layers.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Deeply weathered manganese-zinc minerals from a zinc silicate and zinc oxide deposit hosted by marble.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for WoodruffiteHide

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Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

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4.FL.	Trébeurdenite	Fe2+2Fe3+4O2(OH)10CO3 · 3H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.FL.	Mariakrite	[Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4]	Tric. 1 : _P_1
4.FL.05	Woodallite	Mg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.FL.05	Iowaite	Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.FL.05	Jamborite	Ni2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x · nH2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.FL.05	Meixnerite	Mg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2 · 4H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.FL.05	Muskoxite	Mg7Fe4O13 · 10H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m )
4.FL.05	Fougèrite	Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_m
4.FL.05	Mössbauerite	Fe3+6O4(OH)8[CO3] · 3H2O	Trig. 3
4.FL.05	Dritsite	Li2Al4(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O	Hex. 6/m m m _(_6/_m_2/_m_2/m ) : _P_63/m c m
4.FL.10	Hydrocalumite	Ca4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2 · 4H2O	Mon. 2 : _P_21
4.FL.15	Kuzelite	Ca4Al2(OH)12[SO4] · 6H2O	Trig.
4.FL.20	Aurorite	Mn2+Mn4+3O7 · 3H2O	Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.FL.20	Chalcophanite	ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O	Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.FL.20	Ernienickelite	NiMn3O7 · 3H2O	Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.FL.20	Jianshuiite	(Mg,Mn,Ca)Mn3O7 · 3H2O	Trig. 3 : _R_3
4.FL.30	Asbolane	(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2O	Hex.
4.FL.30 va	Lampadite	Cu, Mn, O, H
4.FL.35	Buserite	Na4Mn14O27 · 21H2O
4.FL.40	Ranciéite	(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2O	Trig. 3 : _P_3
4.FL.40	Takanelite	(Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2O	Hex.
4.FL.45	Birnessite	(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O	Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
4.FL.55	Cianciulliite	Mn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10 · 2-4H2O	Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
4.FL.60	Jensenite	Cu3[TeO6] · 2H2O	Mon. 2/m : _P_21/m
4.FL.65	Leisingite	Cu2MgTe6+O6 · 6H2O	Trig. 3 : _P_3
4.FL.70	Akdalaite	Al10O14(OH)2	Hex.
4.FL.75	Cafetite	CaTi2O5 · H2O	Mon. 2/m : _P_21/b
4.FL.80	Mourite	UMo5O12(OH)10	Mon.
4.FL.85	Deloryite	Cu4(UO2)(MoO4)2(OH)6	Mon. 2/m : _B_2/m
4.FL.90	Lagalyite	Ca2xMn1-xO2 · 1.5-2H2O	Mon.
4.FL.95	Tunnerite (of Cornu)
4.FL.100	Carbocalumite	Ca4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 6H2O	Trig. 3_m_ _(_32/m ) : R_3_c
4.FL.100	Mampsisite	Ca4Al2(CO3)(OH)12 · 5H2O	Tric.

Fluorescence of WoodruffiteHide

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Not fluorescent in ultraviolet

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WoodruffiteHide

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References for WoodruffiteHide

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Reference List:

Meisser, Nicolas & Perseil, Elena Adriana (1993): Occurrence of woodruffite, (Zn,Mn+2)Mn3+4O7.1-2H2O, hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, and hydrohetaerolite, HZnMn2-xO4, of supergene origin in a skarn of Mount Chemin (Valais, Switzerland). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 73, 11-19.

Localities for WoodruffiteHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Austria
Carinthia Villach Heiligengeist ⓘ Franz Josef Mine
Vorarlberg Bludenz District Silbertal Rinder valley (Gafluna valley) ⓘ Putzkammer Alp	Kolitsch et al. (2012)
Canada
British Columbia Slocan Mining Division Lardeau ⓘ Moonshine Mine	Sabina +2 other references
Québec Montérégie Lajemmerais RCM Varennes & St-Amable ⓘ Saint-Amable sill	Horváth et al. (1998)
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry	Horváth et al. (1998)
Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Langelsheim Astfeld ⓘ Herzog Julius smelter slag locality
Lautenthal ⓘ Drachenhöhlental slag locality	Luetcke (n.d.)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality	Bender et al. (1994)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Annaberg-Buchholz Kleinrückerswalde ⓘ Uranus Mine	Möhn et al. (12/2020)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Lavrion Mining District Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines) ⓘ Hilarion Mine	Möckel (2001)
India
Karnataka Ballari District Bellary-Hospet iron belt Sandur ⓘ Donimalai Mine	Rao et al. (1979)
Italy
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) Trento Province (Trentino) Baselga di Pinè "Le Trote" ("La Trota") ⓘ Erla Mine	Ferretti et al. (2018)
Frassilongo Roveda ⓘ Tingherla Mine	Ferretti et al. (2018)
Veneto Vicenza Province Torrebelvicino Monte Naro Monte Naro - Mercanti Valley side ⓘ Contrada Tenaglia Mines	Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza)
Jamaica
Japan
Yamagata Prefecture ⓘ Mori mine	Nambu & Yoshida (1993)
Mexico
Chihuahua Aquiles Serdán Municipality Santa Eulalia Mining District East Camp ⓘ San Antonio Mine	Megaw
Saucillo Municipality Naica ⓘ Naica Mine	Gazquez et al. (1)
Durango Mapimí Municipality ⓘ Mapimí	Moore et al. (2003)
ⓘ Ojuela Mine	Post et al. (2003)
Michoacan Coalcomám Municipality ⓘ La Hueca Mine (Sapo Negro)	Ref.: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas et al. (2000)
Romania
Caraş-Severin County ⓘ Ocna de Fier	minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
Spain
Asturias Salas Carlés ⓘ Carlés Mine	Calvo (2009)
Switzerland
Valais Martigny Mont Chemin mining district ⓘ Chez Larze	Meisser et al. (1993) +1 other reference
USA
California Santa Cruz County Santa Cruz ⓘ Pacific Cement and Aggregate Company quarry	Cooper et al. (1986)
Nevada ⓘ Churchill County	Excalibur Mineral Corporation
Clan Alpine Mountains Chalk Mountain Mining District ⓘ Bighorn prospect	Walstrom (n.d.)
Eureka County Gibellini Mining District ⓘ Gibellini mine (Niganz mine; Black Iron mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
New Jersey Sussex County Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Noble pit (Lot #10 - Ogden Divisions; Noble Mine)	Frondel (1953) +1 other reference
ⓘ Passaic pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine) (TL)	Baum (2) +2 other references
ⓘ Sterling Mine	Frondel (1953) +2 other references

Woodruffite (original) (raw)

About WoodruffiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of WoodruffiteHide

Classification of WoodruffiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of WoodruffiteHide

Chemistry of WoodruffiteHide

Crystallography of WoodruffiteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of WoodruffiteHide

Other Language Names for WoodruffiteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of WoodruffiteHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for WoodruffiteHide

References for WoodruffiteHide

Localities for WoodruffiteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide