Eight Consciousnesses (original) (raw)
The Eight Consciousnesses (Skt. aṣṭa vijñānakāyāḥ) is a classification developed in the tradition of the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism. They enumerate the five sense consciousnesses, supplemented by the mental consciousness (manovijñāna), the defiled mental consciousness (kliṣṭamanovijñāna), and finally the fundamental store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna), which is the basis of the other seven. This eighth consciousness is said to store the impressions (vāsanāḥ) of previous experiences, which form the seeds (bīja) of future karma in this life and in the next after rebirth.
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| dbo:abstract | The Eight Consciousnesses (Skt. aṣṭa vijñānakāyāḥ) is a classification developed in the tradition of the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism. They enumerate the five sense consciousnesses, supplemented by the mental consciousness (manovijñāna), the defiled mental consciousness (kliṣṭamanovijñāna), and finally the fundamental store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna), which is the basis of the other seven. This eighth consciousness is said to store the impressions (vāsanāḥ) of previous experiences, which form the seeds (bīja) of future karma in this life and in the next after rebirth. (en) 八識（はっしき、はちしき）といは、仏教の意識作用の8種をいう。4世紀のインドに興った瑜伽行唯識学派によって立てられた。 なお、天台宗では、さらに第九・阿摩羅識を立てて全九識とする。また真言宗ではさらに第十・（紇哩陀耶識、hṛdaya-vijñāna）を立て全十識とする。 * 眼識 * 耳識 * 鼻識 * 舌識 * 身識 * 意識 * 末那識 * 阿頼耶識 (ja) 8식(八識, 산스크리트어: aṣṭavijñāna, astau vijñānāni, 영어: Eight Consciousnesses) 또는 8식신(八識身)은 대승불교의 유식유가행파와 법상종에서 마음(즉 심왕, 즉 심법)을 구성하고 있다고 보는 안식 · 이식 · 비식 · 설식 · 신식 · 의식 · 말나식 · 아뢰야식의 8가지의 식(識)을 말한다. 8식은 유식유가행파와 법상종의 5위 100법의 법체계에서 5위, 즉 심법(心法: 8가지) · 심소법(心所法: 51가지) · 색법(色法: 11가지) · 심불상응행법(心不相應行法: 24가지) · 무위법(無爲法: 6가지)의 5가지의 그룹들[五位] 가운데 첫 번째 그룹인 심법을 이룬다. 마음(즉 심왕, 즉 심법)이 8식으로 나뉜다는 견해는, 8식을 그대로 인정하거나 8식에 암마라식(菴摩羅識) 또는 무구식(無垢識)을 더한 (九識)을 세우는 등 다소간의 차이가 있지만 8식을 받아들인다는 면에서 보면, 유식유가행파와 법상종뿐만 아니라 화엄종 · 천태종 · 선종 등 대승불교 전반에서 받아들이고 있는 견해이다. 이에 대해 부파불교의 설일체유부와 상좌부불교 등에서는 마음이 안식 · 이식 · 비식 · 설식 · 신식 · 의식의 6가지 식(識), 즉 6식(六識)으로 이루어져 있다는 견해를 가지고 있다. 그리고 부파불교에서는 마음(즉 심왕, 즉 심법)은 본래 1가지로 단일한 것이지만 그 발동 근거인 6경과 6근에 따라 나뉜다고 본다. 즉 마음의 체(體)가 하나라고 본다. 이에 비해 대승불교의 유식유가행파에는 마음 즉 8식의 체가 하나라는 식체일설(識體一說)의 견해와 8식 각각에는 별도의 체가 있다는 식체별설(識體別說)의 견해가 있다. 전자의 식체일설은 계통의 (無相唯識派)의 견해이고, 후자의 식체별설은 호법 계통의 (有相唯識派)와 중국의 법상종의 견해이다. (ko) Osiem świadomości (skt. aṣţavijñāna, chiń. 八識 bashi, kor. p'alsik, jap. hasshiki, wiet. bát thức) − termin buddyjski wyróżniający następujące rodzaje świadomości: 1. * Świadomości sześciu zmysłów (w buddyzmie umysł uznany jest za szósty zmysł): 2. 1. * wzroku 3. 2. * słuchu 4. 3. * zapachu 5. 4. * smaku 6. 5. * dotyku 7. 6. * umysłu 8. * Skalany, zanieczyszczony umysł 9. * Świadomość alaya (spichlerz) Pierwszych pięć świadomości jest związanych z pięcioma zmysłami. Szósta niejako łączy postrzeganie pięciu zmysłów w spójne obrazy oraz wydaje osądy na temat rzeczy. Siódma jest aktywnością wnioskowania, kalkulacji, tworzenia poszczególnych przedmiotów. Jest źródłem lgnięcia i pragnienia, a przez to źródłem zmysłu ja lub ego i przyczyną iluzji polegającej na tym, iż bierzemy to co się przejawia, za rzeczywiste. Świadomość alaya gromadzi karmę, działanie ciała i umysłu jednostki. Tak więc to, co pojawia się w pierwszych siedmiu świadomościach, jest gromadzone w ósmej świadomości, która z kolei stanowi podstawę funkcjonowania tych siedmiu świadomości. Z tego powodu jest nazywana również świadomością podstawy lub świadomością przyczynową. (pl) 八識是一個佛教術語，識的分類法之一，指的是每一個五根具足的有情眾生身上都有的：眼識、耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識（以上合稱五識）、意識、末那識及阿賴耶識。在佛教學術研究屬於瑜伽行唯識學派護法學系分類。 (zh) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.boringworld.org/2021/02/eightfold-path.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120814022827/http:/www.gampoabbey.org/documents/Waldron%20HIIA-revised-b.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20121114093644/http:/online.sfsu.edu/rone/Buddhism/Yogacara/BasicVersessontents.htm http://www.budsas.org/ebud/ebdha195.htm http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/Yogacara/BasicVersescontents.htm |
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| dbp:t | རྣམ་ཤེས་ཚོགས་བརྒྱད་ (en) ཀུན་གཞི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) ཉོན་ཡིད་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) མིག་གི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) ཡིད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) རྣའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) ལུས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) ལྕེའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) སྣའི་རྣམ་ཤེས་ (en) |
| dbp:w | kun-gzhi rnam-shes (en) lce’i rnam-shes (en) lus-kyi rnam-shes (en) mig-gi rnam-shes (en) nyon-yid rnam-shes (en) rnam-shes (en) rnam-shes tshogs-brgyad (en) rna’i rnam-shes (en) sna’i rnam-shes (en) yid-kyi rnam-shes (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | The Eight Consciousnesses (Skt. aṣṭa vijñānakāyāḥ) is a classification developed in the tradition of the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism. They enumerate the five sense consciousnesses, supplemented by the mental consciousness (manovijñāna), the defiled mental consciousness (kliṣṭamanovijñāna), and finally the fundamental store-house consciousness (ālāyavijñāna), which is the basis of the other seven. This eighth consciousness is said to store the impressions (vāsanāḥ) of previous experiences, which form the seeds (bīja) of future karma in this life and in the next after rebirth. (en) 八識（はっしき、はちしき）といは、仏教の意識作用の8種をいう。4世紀のインドに興った瑜伽行唯識学派によって立てられた。 なお、天台宗では、さらに第九・阿摩羅識を立てて全九識とする。また真言宗ではさらに第十・（紇哩陀耶識、hṛdaya-vijñāna）を立て全十識とする。 * 眼識 * 耳識 * 鼻識 * 舌識 * 身識 * 意識 * 末那識 * 阿頼耶識 (ja) 八識是一個佛教術語，識的分類法之一，指的是每一個五根具足的有情眾生身上都有的：眼識、耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識（以上合稱五識）、意識、末那識及阿賴耶識。在佛教學術研究屬於瑜伽行唯識學派護法學系分類。 (zh) 8식(八識, 산스크리트어: aṣṭavijñāna, astau vijñānāni, 영어: Eight Consciousnesses) 또는 8식신(八識身)은 대승불교의 유식유가행파와 법상종에서 마음(즉 심왕, 즉 심법)을 구성하고 있다고 보는 안식 · 이식 · 비식 · 설식 · 신식 · 의식 · 말나식 · 아뢰야식의 8가지의 식(識)을 말한다. 8식은 유식유가행파와 법상종의 5위 100법의 법체계에서 5위, 즉 심법(心法: 8가지) · 심소법(心所法: 51가지) · 색법(色法: 11가지) · 심불상응행법(心不相應行法: 24가지) · 무위법(無爲法: 6가지)의 5가지의 그룹들[五位] 가운데 첫 번째 그룹인 심법을 이룬다. (ko) Osiem świadomości (skt. aṣţavijñāna, chiń. 八識 bashi, kor. p'alsik, jap. hasshiki, wiet. bát thức) − termin buddyjski wyróżniający następujące rodzaje świadomości: 1. * Świadomości sześciu zmysłów (w buddyzmie umysł uznany jest za szósty zmysł): 2. 1. * wzroku 3. 2. * słuchu 4. 3. * zapachu 5. 4. * smaku 6. 5. * dotyku 7. 6. * umysłu 8. * Skalany, zanieczyszczony umysł 9. * Świadomość alaya (spichlerz) (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Eight Consciousnesses (en) 팔식 (ko) 八識 (ja) Osiem świadomości (pl) 八識 (zh) |
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