Wake turbulence (original) (raw)
La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence aérodynamique qui se forme derrière un aéronef. Elle comprend les phénomènes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est dû aux gaz expulsés par les réacteurs. Il est extrêmement violent, mais de courte durée. À l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond à des turbulences aux extrémités des ailes et sur leur surface supérieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'à trois minutes après le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions.
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| dbo:abstract | Bei Wirbelschleppen, auch Wirbelzöpfe oder Randwirbel genannt, handelt es sich um zopfartige, gegenläufig drehende Luftverwirbelungen hinter fliegenden Flugzeugen. Ihre Intensität ist vor allem vom Gewicht des Flugzeuges abhängig. Die Lebensdauer wird von Wind und Atmosphäre beeinflusst. Im Zentrum der Wirbel ist der Luftdruck vermindert. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit kann dort Kondensation einen schmalen, sichtbaren Streifen erzeugen, der direkt hinter den Flügelspitzen beginnt. Die Wirbelschleppe hinter einem Flugzeug gefährdet andere Flugzeuge und kann gar zu deren Absturz führen. Die Gefahr ist umso größer, je schwerer das vorausfliegende und je leichter das folgende Flugzeug ist. Deswegen muss bis zum nächsten Start auf derselben Startbahn abgewartet werden, bis die Wirbel entweder vom Wind davongetragen wurden oder sich durch Luftreibung am Boden ausreichend abgeschwächt haben. Das Gleiche gilt für die Landung. Diese Wartezeit ist ein wesentlicher Faktor für die maximale Kapazität eines Flugplatzes. Auf Reiseflughöhe kann die Wirbelschleppe eines schweren Flugzeugs sogar ein 300 Meter tiefer in entgegengesetzter Richtung fliegendes leichteres Flugzeug so hart treffen, dass die Piloten die Kontrolle verlieren. (de) La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence aérodynamique qui se forme derrière un aéronef. Elle comprend les phénomènes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est dû aux gaz expulsés par les réacteurs. Il est extrêmement violent, mais de courte durée. À l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond à des turbulences aux extrémités des ailes et sur leur surface supérieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'à trois minutes après le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions. (fr) La turbolenza di scia (o wake turbulence in inglese) è la turbolenza che si forma alle spalle di un aeromobile durante il suo movimento nell'aria. Comprende varie componenti i più importanti dei quali sono i vortici d'estremità d'ala (wingtip vortices in inglese) e il jetwash. Il jetwash è l'insieme delle masse d'aria espulse da un motore a getto; è estremamente turbolento, ma di breve durata. Di contro, i vortici d'estremità d'ala sono molto più stabili e possono permanere in aria fino a tre minuti dopo il passaggio di un aeromobile. (it) Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, however, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as true turbulence would be chaotic. Instead, it refers to the similarity to atmospheric turbulence as experienced by an aircraft flying through this region of disturbed air. Wingtip vortices occur when a wing is generating lift. Air from below the wing is drawn around the wingtip into the region above the wing by the lesser amount of pressure above the wing, causing a vortex to trail from each wingtip. The strength of wingtip vortices is determined primarily by the weight and airspeed of the aircraft. Wingtip vortices make up the primary and most dangerous component of wake turbulence. Wake turbulence is especially hazardous in the region behind an aircraft in the takeoff or landing phases of flight. During take-off and landing, an aircraft operates at a high angle of attack. This flight attitude maximizes the formation of strong vortices. In the vicinity of an airport, there can be multiple aircraft, all operating at low speed and low altitude; this provides an extra risk of wake turbulence with reduced height from which to recover from any upset. (en) 後方乱気流（こうほうらんきりゅう、英: wake turbulence）は、航空機の運航によって引き起こされる乱気流のことである。その中には翼の上下面の圧力差によってその背後に発生する気流の渦（翼端渦）や、ジェットエンジンの、ヘリコプターのダウンウォッシュなどがある。 (ja) Zogturbulentie is de turbulentie die ontstaat in het zog van een vliegtuig. De zogturbulentie bevindt zich direct achter de beide vleugeltippen van een vliegtuig. Hoe meer liftkracht geleverd wordt, hoe groter de zogturbulentie achter het vliegtuig. Algemeen is dus te zeggen: hoe zwaarder het vliegtuig, hoe groter de turbulentie. De turbulentie veroorzaakt een werveling waardoor een volgend vliegtuig een ongewenste rolbeweging kan maken om de van het vliegtuig. De turbulentie kan zo groot zijn dat een volgend vliegtuig onvoldoende hoogte/tijd heeft om te herstellen van deze "rol" en neerstort. (nl) 항적난기류(航跡亂氣流)는 회전하는 공기의 튜브로 리프트 힘을 발생시키고 남겨진 것이다. 비행익상 소용돌이는 매우 빠른 속력의 소용돌이 스핀의 중심인 각 날개 끝에서 시작되었다. 그들은 매우 낮은 기압의 영역이다. 비행익상 소용돌이의 핵심은 때로 저기압에서 수증기의 응축 때문에 때때로 관측된다. (ko) Na aeronáutica, esteira de turbulência é uma perturbação na atmosfera que se forma atrás de uma aeronave quando esta se move através do ar. Ela inclui vários componentes, dos quais os mais importantes são os vórtices de ponta de asa e os gases de escape. O termo "gases de escape" refere-se simplesmente aos gases que se movem rapidamente ao serem expelidos por um motor a jato - são extremamente turbulentos, mas de curta duração. Vórtices de ponta de asa, entretanto, são muito mais estáveis e podem permanecer no ar por até três minutos após a passagem de uma aeronave. Não é, no sentido aerodinâmico, uma verdadeira turbulência, pois não é uma perturbação caótica do ar. Em vez disso, é semelhante à turbulência atmosférica sentida por uma aeronave voando em região de ar perturbado. Vórtices de ponta de asa ocorrem quando uma asa gera sustentação. O ar abaixo da asa escorre da região da ponta da asa para cima, em direção à área de baixa pressão acima da asa, gerando vórtices na traseira da asa. A força dos vórtices é determinada principalmente pelo peso e velocidade da aeronave. Vórtices de ponta de asa são os componentes primários e mais perigosos de uma esteira de turbulência. A esteira de turbulência é especialmente perigosa na traseira de uma aeronave durante o pouso ou decolagem. Durante pousos e decolagens, a aeronave opera em um elevado ângulo de ataque. A atitude de voo da aeronave maximiza a formação de fortes vórtices. Pode haver muitas aeronaves ao redor de um aeroporto, todas voando em baixas velocidades e baixas altitudes, provendo um risco extra de esteira de turbulência e deixando uma pequena margem para as aeronaves se recuperarem de seus efeitos. (pt) |
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| dbp:title | Airplane flyover followed by wake turbulence (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence aérodynamique qui se forme derrière un aéronef. Elle comprend les phénomènes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est dû aux gaz expulsés par les réacteurs. Il est extrêmement violent, mais de courte durée. À l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond à des turbulences aux extrémités des ailes et sur leur surface supérieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'à trois minutes après le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions. (fr) La turbolenza di scia (o wake turbulence in inglese) è la turbolenza che si forma alle spalle di un aeromobile durante il suo movimento nell'aria. Comprende varie componenti i più importanti dei quali sono i vortici d'estremità d'ala (wingtip vortices in inglese) e il jetwash. Il jetwash è l'insieme delle masse d'aria espulse da un motore a getto; è estremamente turbolento, ma di breve durata. Di contro, i vortici d'estremità d'ala sono molto più stabili e possono permanere in aria fino a tre minuti dopo il passaggio di un aeromobile. (it) 後方乱気流（こうほうらんきりゅう、英: wake turbulence）は、航空機の運航によって引き起こされる乱気流のことである。その中には翼の上下面の圧力差によってその背後に発生する気流の渦（翼端渦）や、ジェットエンジンの、ヘリコプターのダウンウォッシュなどがある。 (ja) Zogturbulentie is de turbulentie die ontstaat in het zog van een vliegtuig. De zogturbulentie bevindt zich direct achter de beide vleugeltippen van een vliegtuig. Hoe meer liftkracht geleverd wordt, hoe groter de zogturbulentie achter het vliegtuig. Algemeen is dus te zeggen: hoe zwaarder het vliegtuig, hoe groter de turbulentie. De turbulentie veroorzaakt een werveling waardoor een volgend vliegtuig een ongewenste rolbeweging kan maken om de van het vliegtuig. De turbulentie kan zo groot zijn dat een volgend vliegtuig onvoldoende hoogte/tijd heeft om te herstellen van deze "rol" en neerstort. (nl) 항적난기류(航跡亂氣流)는 회전하는 공기의 튜브로 리프트 힘을 발생시키고 남겨진 것이다. 비행익상 소용돌이는 매우 빠른 속력의 소용돌이 스핀의 중심인 각 날개 끝에서 시작되었다. 그들은 매우 낮은 기압의 영역이다. 비행익상 소용돌이의 핵심은 때로 저기압에서 수증기의 응축 때문에 때때로 관측된다. (ko) Bei Wirbelschleppen, auch Wirbelzöpfe oder Randwirbel genannt, handelt es sich um zopfartige, gegenläufig drehende Luftverwirbelungen hinter fliegenden Flugzeugen. Ihre Intensität ist vor allem vom Gewicht des Flugzeuges abhängig. Die Lebensdauer wird von Wind und Atmosphäre beeinflusst. Im Zentrum der Wirbel ist der Luftdruck vermindert. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit kann dort Kondensation einen schmalen, sichtbaren Streifen erzeugen, der direkt hinter den Flügelspitzen beginnt. (de) Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, however, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as true turbulence would be chaotic. Instead, it refers to the similarity to atmospheric turbulence as experienced by an aircraft flying through this region of disturbed air. (en) Na aeronáutica, esteira de turbulência é uma perturbação na atmosfera que se forma atrás de uma aeronave quando esta se move através do ar. Ela inclui vários componentes, dos quais os mais importantes são os vórtices de ponta de asa e os gases de escape. O termo "gases de escape" refere-se simplesmente aos gases que se movem rapidamente ao serem expelidos por um motor a jato - são extremamente turbulentos, mas de curta duração. Vórtices de ponta de asa, entretanto, são muito mais estáveis e podem permanecer no ar por até três minutos após a passagem de uma aeronave. Não é, no sentido aerodinâmico, uma verdadeira turbulência, pois não é uma perturbação caótica do ar. Em vez disso, é semelhante à turbulência atmosférica sentida por uma aeronave voando em região de ar perturbado. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Wirbelschleppe (de) Turbulence de sillage (fr) Turbolenza di scia (it) 後方乱気流 (ja) 항적난기류 (ko) Zogturbulentie (nl) Esteira de turbulência (pt) Wake turbulence (en) |
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