Wake turbulence (original) (raw)
La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence aérodynamique qui se forme derrière un aéronef. Elle comprend les phénomènes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est dû aux gaz expulsés par les réacteurs. Il est extrêmement violent, mais de courte durée. À l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond à des turbulences aux extrémités des ailes et sur leur surface supérieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'à trois minutes après le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Bei Wirbelschleppen, auch Wirbelzöpfe oder Randwirbel genannt, handelt es sich um zopfartige, gegenläufig drehende Luftverwirbelungen hinter fliegenden Flugzeugen. Ihre Intensität ist vor allem vom Gewicht des Flugzeuges abhängig. Die Lebensdauer wird von Wind und Atmosphäre beeinflusst. Im Zentrum der Wirbel ist der Luftdruck vermindert. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit kann dort Kondensation einen schmalen, sichtbaren Streifen erzeugen, der direkt hinter den Flügelspitzen beginnt. Die Wirbelschleppe hinter einem Flugzeug gefährdet andere Flugzeuge und kann gar zu deren Absturz führen. Die Gefahr ist umso größer, je schwerer das vorausfliegende und je leichter das folgende Flugzeug ist. Deswegen muss bis zum nächsten Start auf derselben Startbahn abgewartet werden, bis die Wirbel entweder vom Wind davongetragen wurden oder sich durch Luftreibung am Boden ausreichend abgeschwächt haben. Das Gleiche gilt für die Landung. Diese Wartezeit ist ein wesentlicher Faktor für die maximale Kapazität eines Flugplatzes. Auf Reiseflughöhe kann die Wirbelschleppe eines schweren Flugzeugs sogar ein 300 Meter tiefer in entgegengesetzter Richtung fliegendes leichteres Flugzeug so hart treffen, dass die Piloten die Kontrolle verlieren. (de) La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence aérodynamique qui se forme derrière un aéronef. Elle comprend les phénomènes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est dû aux gaz expulsés par les réacteurs. Il est extrêmement violent, mais de courte durée. À l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond à des turbulences aux extrémités des ailes et sur leur surface supérieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'à trois minutes après le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions. (fr) La turbolenza di scia (o wake turbulence in inglese) è la turbolenza che si forma alle spalle di un aeromobile durante il suo movimento nell'aria. Comprende varie componenti i più importanti dei quali sono i vortici d'estremità d'ala (wingtip vortices in inglese) e il jetwash. Il jetwash è l'insieme delle masse d'aria espulse da un motore a getto; è estremamente turbolento, ma di breve durata. Di contro, i vortici d'estremità d'ala sono molto più stabili e possono permanere in aria fino a tre minuti dopo il passaggio di un aeromobile. (it) Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, however, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as true turbulence would be chaotic. Instead, it refers to the similarity to atmospheric turbulence as experienced by an aircraft flying through this region of disturbed air. Wingtip vortices occur when a wing is generating lift. Air from below the wing is drawn around the wingtip into the region above the wing by the lesser amount of pressure above the wing, causing a vortex to trail from each wingtip. The strength of wingtip vortices is determined primarily by the weight and airspeed of the aircraft. Wingtip vortices make up the primary and most dangerous component of wake turbulence. Wake turbulence is especially hazardous in the region behind an aircraft in the takeoff or landing phases of flight. During take-off and landing, an aircraft operates at a high angle of attack. This flight attitude maximizes the formation of strong vortices. In the vicinity of an airport, there can be multiple aircraft, all operating at low speed and low altitude; this provides an extra risk of wake turbulence with reduced height from which to recover from any upset. (en) 後方乱気流（こうほうらんきりゅう、英: wake turbulence）は、航空機の運航によって引き起こされる乱気流のことである。その中には翼の上下面の圧力差によってその背後に発生する気流の渦（翼端渦）や、ジェットエンジンの、ヘリコプターのダウンウォッシュなどがある。 (ja) Zogturbulentie is de turbulentie die ontstaat in het zog van een vliegtuig. De zogturbulentie bevindt zich direct achter de beide vleugeltippen van een vliegtuig. Hoe meer liftkracht geleverd wordt, hoe groter de zogturbulentie achter het vliegtuig. Algemeen is dus te zeggen: hoe zwaarder het vliegtuig, hoe groter de turbulentie. De turbulentie veroorzaakt een werveling waardoor een volgend vliegtuig een ongewenste rolbeweging kan maken om de van het vliegtuig. De turbulentie kan zo groot zijn dat een volgend vliegtuig onvoldoende hoogte/tijd heeft om te herstellen van deze "rol" en neerstort. (nl) 항적난기류(航跡亂氣流)는 회전하는 공기의 튜브로 리프트 힘을 발생시키고 남겨진 것이다. 비행익상 소용돌이는 매우 빠른 속력의 소용돌이 스핀의 중심인 각 날개 끝에서 시작되었다. 그들은 매우 낮은 기압의 영역이다. 비행익상 소용돌이의 핵심은 때로 저기압에서 수증기의 응축 때문에 때때로 관측된다. (ko) Na aeronáutica, esteira de turbulência é uma perturbação na atmosfera que se forma atrás de uma aeronave quando esta se move através do ar. Ela inclui vários componentes, dos quais os mais importantes são os vórtices de ponta de asa e os gases de escape. O termo "gases de escape" refere-se simplesmente aos gases que se movem rapidamente ao serem expelidos por um motor a jato - são extremamente turbulentos, mas de curta duração. Vórtices de ponta de asa, entretanto, são muito mais estáveis e podem permanecer no ar por até três minutos após a passagem de uma aeronave. Não é, no sentido aerodinâmico, uma verdadeira turbulência, pois não é uma perturbação caótica do ar. Em vez disso, é semelhante à turbulência atmosférica sentida por uma aeronave voando em região de ar perturbado. Vórtices de ponta de asa ocorrem quando uma asa gera sustentação. O ar abaixo da asa escorre da região da ponta da asa para cima, em direção à área de baixa pressão acima da asa, gerando vórtices na traseira da asa. A força dos vórtices é determinada principalmente pelo peso e velocidade da aeronave. Vórtices de ponta de asa são os componentes primários e mais perigosos de uma esteira de turbulência. A esteira de turbulência é especialmente perigosa na traseira de uma aeronave durante o pouso ou decolagem. Durante pousos e decolagens, a aeronave opera em um elevado ângulo de ataque. A atitude de voo da aeronave maximiza a formação de fortes vórtices. Pode haver muitas aeronaves ao redor de um aeroporto, todas voando em baixas velocidades e baixas altitudes, provendo um risco extra de esteira de turbulência e deixando uma pequena margem para as aeronaves se recuperarem de seus efeitos. (pt) |
| dbo:soundRecording | dbr:Wake_turbulence__Sound__1 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Airplane_vortex_edit.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/about/Organizations/Technology/Facts/TF-2004-14-DFRC.html https://web.archive.org/web/20100309031310/http:/www.flickr.com/photos/birdlike/sets/72157606837430429 https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/atpubs/aim_html/chap7_section_3.html https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/media/pcg_8-15-19.pdf https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/ATC.pdf https://www.usatoday.com/travel/columnist/getline/2005-06-01-column_x.htm https://www.icao.int/publications/DOC8643/Pages/Search.aspx http://www.avweb.com/news/airman/183095-1.html |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 670783 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageInterLanguageLink | dbpedia-ca:Estela |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 37653 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1116849628 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Pushing_Tin dbr:Qantas dbr:Bell_Boeing_V-22_Osprey dbr:Belle_Harbor,_Queens dbr:Boeing_747 dbr:Boeing_747-400 dbr:Boeing_757 dbr:Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_9570 dbr:John_Wayne_Airport dbr:Juan_Camilo_Mouriño dbr:Val_Kilmer dbr:Instrument_approach dbr:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10 dbr:Memphis,_Tennessee dbr:Runway dbr:Go-around dbr:Greater_Southwest_International_Airport dbr:File:Airplane_vortex_edit.jpg dbr:Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania dbr:TRACON dbr:Batchelor_vortex dbc:Turbulence dbr:Lidar dbr:Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules dbr:Takeoff dbr:2008_Mexico_City_plane_crash dbc:Aerodynamics dbc:Aircraft_wing_design dbr:Tom_Cruise dbr:Top_Gun dbr:Turbulence dbr:USAir_Flight_427 dbr:Vänern dbr:Helicopter dbr:Jet_blast dbr:Landing dbr:Aeroflot_Flight_505 dbr:Air_Traffic_Controller dbr:Airbus_A321 dbr:Airbus_A380 dbr:American_Airlines_Flight_587 dbr:Aircraft dbr:Airfield_traffic_pattern dbc:Aviation_risks dbr:Eurocontrol dbr:F-104 dbr:FAA dbr:Angle_of_attack dbr:Paseo_de_la_Reforma dbr:Flight_level dbr:Glider_(sailplane) dbr:Wingtip_vortices dbr:Gwalior dbr:Attitude_control dbr:International_Civil_Aviation_Organization dbr:Japan_Airlines dbr:EUROCONTROL dbc:Air_traffic_control dbr:Accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_V-22_Osprey dbr:John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport dbr:Eddy_(fluid_dynamics) dbr:Missed_approach dbr:Doppler_effect dbr:Pilatus_PC-12 dbr:ICAO dbr:Ilyushin_Il-76 dbr:In-N-Out_Burger dbr:Indian_Air_Force dbr:Knot_(unit) dbr:Metre dbr:Mexico_City_International_Airport dbr:Nautical_mile dbr:New_York_(state) dbr:XB-70 dbr:Yakovlev_Yak-40 dbr:Refractive_index dbr:Maximum_landing_weight dbr:Maximum_takeoff_weight dbr:Wake_(physics) dbr:Optics dbr:Time_based_separation dbr:Tiltrotor dbr:JAS_39_Gripen dbr:Flameout dbr:Maximum_Takeoff_Weight dbr:Saab_340 dbr:Queens,_NY dbr:Wingtip_device dbr:Bombardier_Challenger_604 dbr:Wake_vortex dbr:File:North_American_XB-70A_Valkyrie_just_after_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg dbr:File:FAA-Aircraft-Weight-Class-and-ICAO-Wake-Turbulence-Categories-WTC.png dbr:File:Vorticesfeb0709out.jpg dbr:Optical_turbulence |
| dbp:description | 50.0 (dbd:second) |
| dbp:filename | 2011-06-05 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:title | Airplane flyover followed by wake turbulence (en) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Authority_control dbt:Citation_needed dbt:Convert dbt:Cvt dbt:Listen dbt:More_citations_needed_section dbt:Original_research dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description dbt:Tone |
| dct:subject | dbc:Turbulence dbc:Aerodynamics dbc:Aircraft_wing_design dbc:Aviation_risks dbc:Air_traffic_control |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Turbulence |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Component105868954 yago:Concept105835747 yago:Content105809192 yago:Idea105833840 yago:Part105867413 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:WikicatAircraftComponents |
| rdfs:comment | La turbulence de sillage est une turbulence aérodynamique qui se forme derrière un aéronef. Elle comprend les phénomènes de jetwash et de tourbillon marginal. Le jetwash est dû aux gaz expulsés par les réacteurs. Il est extrêmement violent, mais de courte durée. À l'inverse, le tourbillon marginal correspond à des turbulences aux extrémités des ailes et sur leur surface supérieure. Elles sont moins violentes, mais comme elles peuvent durer jusqu'à trois minutes après le passage d'un avion, elles sont une cause sournoise d'accidents d'avions. (fr) La turbolenza di scia (o wake turbulence in inglese) è la turbolenza che si forma alle spalle di un aeromobile durante il suo movimento nell'aria. Comprende varie componenti i più importanti dei quali sono i vortici d'estremità d'ala (wingtip vortices in inglese) e il jetwash. Il jetwash è l'insieme delle masse d'aria espulse da un motore a getto; è estremamente turbolento, ma di breve durata. Di contro, i vortici d'estremità d'ala sono molto più stabili e possono permanere in aria fino a tre minuti dopo il passaggio di un aeromobile. (it) 後方乱気流（こうほうらんきりゅう、英: wake turbulence）は、航空機の運航によって引き起こされる乱気流のことである。その中には翼の上下面の圧力差によってその背後に発生する気流の渦（翼端渦）や、ジェットエンジンの、ヘリコプターのダウンウォッシュなどがある。 (ja) Zogturbulentie is de turbulentie die ontstaat in het zog van een vliegtuig. De zogturbulentie bevindt zich direct achter de beide vleugeltippen van een vliegtuig. Hoe meer liftkracht geleverd wordt, hoe groter de zogturbulentie achter het vliegtuig. Algemeen is dus te zeggen: hoe zwaarder het vliegtuig, hoe groter de turbulentie. De turbulentie veroorzaakt een werveling waardoor een volgend vliegtuig een ongewenste rolbeweging kan maken om de van het vliegtuig. De turbulentie kan zo groot zijn dat een volgend vliegtuig onvoldoende hoogte/tijd heeft om te herstellen van deze "rol" en neerstort. (nl) 항적난기류(航跡亂氣流)는 회전하는 공기의 튜브로 리프트 힘을 발생시키고 남겨진 것이다. 비행익상 소용돌이는 매우 빠른 속력의 소용돌이 스핀의 중심인 각 날개 끝에서 시작되었다. 그들은 매우 낮은 기압의 영역이다. 비행익상 소용돌이의 핵심은 때로 저기압에서 수증기의 응축 때문에 때때로 관측된다. (ko) Bei Wirbelschleppen, auch Wirbelzöpfe oder Randwirbel genannt, handelt es sich um zopfartige, gegenläufig drehende Luftverwirbelungen hinter fliegenden Flugzeugen. Ihre Intensität ist vor allem vom Gewicht des Flugzeuges abhängig. Die Lebensdauer wird von Wind und Atmosphäre beeinflusst. Im Zentrum der Wirbel ist der Luftdruck vermindert. Bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit kann dort Kondensation einen schmalen, sichtbaren Streifen erzeugen, der direkt hinter den Flügelspitzen beginnt. (de) Wake turbulence is a disturbance in the atmosphere that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. It includes variety of elements, the most significant of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. Jetwash refers to the rapidly moving gases expelled from a jet engine; it is extremely turbulent but of short duration. Wingtip vortices, however, are much more stable and can remain in the air for up to three minutes after the passage of an aircraft. It is therefore not true turbulence in the aerodynamic sense, as true turbulence would be chaotic. Instead, it refers to the similarity to atmospheric turbulence as experienced by an aircraft flying through this region of disturbed air. (en) Na aeronáutica, esteira de turbulência é uma perturbação na atmosfera que se forma atrás de uma aeronave quando esta se move através do ar. Ela inclui vários componentes, dos quais os mais importantes são os vórtices de ponta de asa e os gases de escape. O termo "gases de escape" refere-se simplesmente aos gases que se movem rapidamente ao serem expelidos por um motor a jato - são extremamente turbulentos, mas de curta duração. Vórtices de ponta de asa, entretanto, são muito mais estáveis e podem permanecer no ar por até três minutos após a passagem de uma aeronave. Não é, no sentido aerodinâmico, uma verdadeira turbulência, pois não é uma perturbação caótica do ar. Em vez disso, é semelhante à turbulência atmosférica sentida por uma aeronave voando em região de ar perturbado. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Wirbelschleppe (de) Turbulence de sillage (fr) Turbolenza di scia (it) 後方乱気流 (ja) 항적난기류 (ko) Zogturbulentie (nl) Esteira de turbulência (pt) Wake turbulence (en) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Wake turbulence yago-res:Wake turbulence wikidata:Wake turbulence dbpedia-az:Wake turbulence http://bn.dbpedia.org/resource/অনুগামী_প্রক্ষোভ dbpedia-de:Wake turbulence dbpedia-et:Wake turbulence dbpedia-fr:Wake turbulence dbpedia-he:Wake turbulence dbpedia-it:Wake turbulence dbpedia-ja:Wake turbulence dbpedia-ko:Wake turbulence dbpedia-nl:Wake turbulence dbpedia-no:Wake turbulence dbpedia-pt:Wake turbulence dbpedia-sl:Wake turbulence dbpedia-tr:Wake turbulence https://global.dbpedia.org/id/7Znh |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Wake_turbulence?oldid=1116849628&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/North_American_XB-70A...fter_collision_061122-F-1234P-037.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Airplane_vortex_edit.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/FAA-Aircraft-Weight-C...AO-Wake-Turbulence-Categories-WTC.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Vorticesfeb0709out.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Wake_turbulence |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of | dbr:Turbulence_(disambiguation) dbr:Wake |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Wake_Turbulence dbr:Turbulent_wake dbr:Aircraft_weight_class dbr:Wake_vortex dbr:Wake_vortice dbr:Wake_vortices |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Pushing_Tin dbr:List_of_accidents_and_incidents_at_John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport dbr:List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_military_aircraft_(2000–2009) dbr:List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Lockheed_C-130_Hercules dbr:List_of_air_show_accidents_and_incidents_in_the_21st_century dbr:List_of_aircraft_upset_factors dbr:List_of_aviation,_avionics,_aerospace_and_aeronautical_abbreviations dbr:List_of_fatal_accidents_and_incidents_...mercial_aircraft_in_the_United_States dbr:2008_Mexico_City_Learjet_crash dbr:Baucau_Airport dbr:Beechcraft_Model_18 dbr:Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport dbr:Boeing_747-8 dbr:Boeing_757 dbr:Bombardier_Challenger_600_series dbr:Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_9570 dbr:John_Wayne_Airport dbr:Joseph_John_"Tym"_Tymczyszyn dbr:List_of_Mayday_episodes dbr:Virgil_Brennan dbr:Vortex_Bladeless dbr:Downwash dbr:Index_of_physics_articles_(W) dbr:Instrument_approach dbr:SKYbrary dbr:Penn_State_College_of_Engineering dbr:1993_in_aviation dbr:1994_Mull_of_Kintyre_Chinook_crash dbr:Continental_Airlines_Flight_1713 dbr:Next_Generation_Air_Transportation_System dbr:Pilot_(Lost) dbr:Robert_E._Machol dbr:Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr. dbr:Climate_of_Hawaii dbr:Fuel_economy_in_aircraft dbr:Greater_Southwest_International_Airport dbr:MythBusters_(2004_season) dbr:1972_in_aviation dbr:Antonov_An-225_Mriya dbr:Bernd_Noack dbr:Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy dbr:Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules dbr:London_Biggin_Hill_Airport dbr:Boeing_737_rudder_issues dbr:Clear-air_turbulence dbr:Closed_wing dbr:Combustor dbr:Leslie_Stephen_George_Kovasznay dbr:Top_Gun dbr:Trans_International_Airlines_Flight_863 dbr:Turbulence dbr:Turkish_Airlines_Flight_1878 dbr:USAir_Flight_427 dbr:Wake_Turbulence dbr:GNSS_augmentation dbr:Heavy_(aeronautics) dbr:James_N._Hallock dbr:Langley_Research_Center dbr:Minimum_interval_takeoff dbr:Aeroflot_Flight_U-505 dbr:Air_Caribbean_Flight_309 dbr:Airbus_A380 dbr:Alexander_Onassis dbr:American_Airlines_Flight_587 dbr:Northwest_Airlines_Flight_255 dbr:Fallstreak_hole dbr:Formation_flying dbr:Gliding dbr:History_of_the_Cross_Border_Xpress dbr:Wingtip_vortices dbr:List_of_Japan_Airlines_incidents_and_accidents dbr:McDonnell_XF-85_Goblin dbr:Gymnotiformes dbr:Jagdgeschwader_1_(World_War_II) dbr:Strategic_lateral_offset_procedure dbr:Auckland_Airport dbr:AMSOIL_Racer dbr:Eddy_(fluid_dynamics) dbr:Turbulence_(disambiguation) dbr:Wide-body_aircraft dbr:Aviation_call_signs dbr:Mariusz_Adamski dbr:Philip_Saffman dbr:In-N-Out_Burger dbr:Newcastle_International_Airport dbr:Maximum_takeoff_weight dbr:Separation_(aeronautics) dbr:Wake dbr:Wake_(physics) dbr:Skywriting dbr:Pilot_error dbr:Starting_vortex dbr:Jet_wash dbr:Turbulent_wake dbr:Aircraft_weight_class dbr:Wake_vortex dbr:Wake_vortice dbr:Wake_vortices |
| is dbp:summary of | dbr:Delta_Air_Lines_Flight_9570 |
| is dbp:type of | dbr:Aeroflot_Flight_U-505 |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Wake_turbulence |
