List of cities of the ancient Near East (original) (raw)
تضم في الشرق الأدنى عشرات الآلاف من أكبر مدن العصر البرونزي . كانت ممفيس في أوائل العصر البرونزي مع ما يقرب من 30،000 نسمة أكبر مدينة في ذلك الوقت حتى الآن. يقدر عدد سكان أور في العصر البرونزي المتوسط بنحو 65000 نسمة ؛ وبالمثل ، كان لسكان بابل في أواخر العصر البرونزي عدد سكان يتراوح بين 50000 و 60.000 نسمة ، في حين كان لدىنينوى ما يتراوح بين 20000 و 30.000 شخص ، ليصل إلى 100.000 فقط في العصر الحديدي (حوالي 700 قبل الميلاد).
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| dbo:abstract | تضم في الشرق الأدنى عشرات الآلاف من أكبر مدن العصر البرونزي . كانت ممفيس في أوائل العصر البرونزي مع ما يقرب من 30،000 نسمة أكبر مدينة في ذلك الوقت حتى الآن. يقدر عدد سكان أور في العصر البرونزي المتوسط بنحو 65000 نسمة ؛ وبالمثل ، كان لسكان بابل في أواخر العصر البرونزي عدد سكان يتراوح بين 50000 و 60.000 نسمة ، في حين كان لدىنينوى ما يتراوح بين 20000 و 30.000 شخص ، ليصل إلى 100.000 فقط في العصر الحديدي (حوالي 700 قبل الميلاد). (ar) Aquesta és una llista de les principals ciutats que van existir a l'Orient Mitjà. El cuneïforme "KI" és el determinatiu de ciutat o ciutat estat en llengua sumèria. En llengua accàdia i en hitita és URU (es combina a vegades amb KUR (terra) quan s'assenyala el territori controlat per la ciutat, per exemple el rei (Lugal) del territori de la ciutat d'Hatti: Kururu Ha-at-ti. Les ciutats de la llista estan ordenades de nord a sud excepte pel Llevant (que estan per orde alfabètic); el nom modern figura en itàlica entre parèntesis (sense parèntesis quan no es coneix el nom antic). (ca) Tento článek obsahuje seznam starověkých měst a sídel, která se nacházela v oblasti Blízkého východu. Sídla jsou řazena abecedně a jsou rozdělena podle regionů. V závorkách jsou uvedeny alternativní názvy, ať již současné jméno lokality nebo jiné jméno, kterým bylo sídlo v historii nazýváno (např. v Bibli). Blízký východ je považován za region, kde vznikala první velká města lidské historie. První osady městského charakteru se zde objevily již v období mezi 10.–8. tisíciletím př. n. l. Za nejstarší města jsou označována např. Jericho, Byblos, Súsy a další. Největší města na Blízkém východu v době bronzové měla řádově tisíce až desetitisíce obyvatel. Největším městem rané doby bronzové byl patrně Memfis v Egyptě, který měl asi 30 000 obyvatel. Ur ve střední době bronzové měl podle odhadů okolo 65 000 obyvatel. Obdobný počet obyvatel měl i Babylón v pozdní době bronzové. V této době mělo např. Ninive asi 30 000 obyvatel a kolem r. 700 př. n. l. dosáhl jejich počet 100 000 (Doba železná). (cs) Cet article recense les villes du Proche-Orient ancien. (fr) The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. The largest cities of the Bronze Age Near East housed several tens of thousands of people. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age, with some 30,000 inhabitants, was the largest city of the time by far. Ebla is estimated to have had a population of 40,000 inhabitants in the Intermediate Bronze age. Ur in the Middle Bronze Age is estimated to have had some 65,000 inhabitants; Babylon in the Late Bronze Age similarly had a population of some 50,000–60,000. Niniveh had some 20,000–30,000, reaching 100,000 only in the Iron Age (around 700 BC). In Akkadian and Hittite orthography, URU𒌷 became a determinative sign denoting a city, or combined with KUR𒆳 "land" the kingdom or territory controlled by a city, e.g. 𒄡𒆳𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 LUGAL KUR URUHa-at-ti "the king of the country of (the city of) Hatti". The KI 𒆠 determinative is used following place names (toponyms) in both Sumerian and Akkadian. (en) Le più grandi città del Vicino Oriente antico nell'età del bronzo avevano diverse decina di migliaia di abitanti. Menfi nell'antica età del bronzo con circa 30.000 abitanti era di gran lunga la più grande città del tempo. Ur nella media età del bronzo viene stimata di circa 65.000 abitanti; Babilonia nella tarda età del bronzo in modo simile aveva una popolazione di quasi 50–60.000, mentre Ninive pressappoco 20–30.000, raggiungendo i 100.000 abitanti soltanto nell'età del ferro (700 a.C. circa). Il termine sumero per indicare una città o città stato era Uru, scritto con l'ideogramma cuneiforme URU 𒌷 . In accadico e , URU 𒌷 diventa un segno determinativo denotante una città, o combinata con KUR 𒆳 "terra" il regno o territorio controllato da una città, per es. 𒄡𒆳𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 Xsux Lugal KUR URUHa-at-ti "il re della nazione di (la città di) Hatti". (it) Ближний Восток является одним из древнейших центров возникновения городов на Земле. Первые поселения городского типа появляются здесь ещё в 10-8 тыс. до н. э. К древнейшим известным городам относятся Иерихон, Библос, Сузы и др. Согласно Джорджу Модельски, крупнейшие города Бронзового века на Ближнем Востоке имели население в несколько десятков тысяч человек. Видимо, крупнейшим городом раннего бронзового века был 30-тысячный Мемфис в Египте. В Месопотамии с ним мог конкурировать Урук; значительным было также население Мари и Эблы. Ур в средний период бронзового века имел население около 65 тыс. чел. В период Нового царства население египетских Фив достигло 80 тыс. чел. Вавилон позднего бронзового века был населён 50-60 тыс. человек. Ниневия же в тот период имела население всего 20-30 тыс. чел., достигнув 100-тысячного рубежа лишь около 700 г. до н. э. (железный век). (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | تضم في الشرق الأدنى عشرات الآلاف من أكبر مدن العصر البرونزي . كانت ممفيس في أوائل العصر البرونزي مع ما يقرب من 30،000 نسمة أكبر مدينة في ذلك الوقت حتى الآن. يقدر عدد سكان أور في العصر البرونزي المتوسط بنحو 65000 نسمة ؛ وبالمثل ، كان لسكان بابل في أواخر العصر البرونزي عدد سكان يتراوح بين 50000 و 60.000 نسمة ، في حين كان لدىنينوى ما يتراوح بين 20000 و 30.000 شخص ، ليصل إلى 100.000 فقط في العصر الحديدي (حوالي 700 قبل الميلاد). (ar) Aquesta és una llista de les principals ciutats que van existir a l'Orient Mitjà. El cuneïforme "KI" és el determinatiu de ciutat o ciutat estat en llengua sumèria. En llengua accàdia i en hitita és URU (es combina a vegades amb KUR (terra) quan s'assenyala el territori controlat per la ciutat, per exemple el rei (Lugal) del territori de la ciutat d'Hatti: Kururu Ha-at-ti. Les ciutats de la llista estan ordenades de nord a sud excepte pel Llevant (que estan per orde alfabètic); el nom modern figura en itàlica entre parèntesis (sense parèntesis quan no es coneix el nom antic). (ca) Cet article recense les villes du Proche-Orient ancien. (fr) Tento článek obsahuje seznam starověkých měst a sídel, která se nacházela v oblasti Blízkého východu. Sídla jsou řazena abecedně a jsou rozdělena podle regionů. V závorkách jsou uvedeny alternativní názvy, ať již současné jméno lokality nebo jiné jméno, kterým bylo sídlo v historii nazýváno (např. v Bibli). Blízký východ je považován za region, kde vznikala první velká města lidské historie. První osady městského charakteru se zde objevily již v období mezi 10.–8. tisíciletím př. n. l. Za nejstarší města jsou označována např. Jericho, Byblos, Súsy a další. (cs) The earliest cities in history were in the ancient Near East, an area covering roughly that of the modern Middle East: its history began in the 4th millennium BC and ended, depending on the interpretation of the term, either with the conquest by the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC or with that by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. (en) Le più grandi città del Vicino Oriente antico nell'età del bronzo avevano diverse decina di migliaia di abitanti. Menfi nell'antica età del bronzo con circa 30.000 abitanti era di gran lunga la più grande città del tempo. Ur nella media età del bronzo viene stimata di circa 65.000 abitanti; Babilonia nella tarda età del bronzo in modo simile aveva una popolazione di quasi 50–60.000, mentre Ninive pressappoco 20–30.000, raggiungendo i 100.000 abitanti soltanto nell'età del ferro (700 a.C. circa). (it) Ближний Восток является одним из древнейших центров возникновения городов на Земле. Первые поселения городского типа появляются здесь ещё в 10-8 тыс. до н. э. К древнейшим известным городам относятся Иерихон, Библос, Сузы и др. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | قائمة مدن الشرق الأدنى القديم (ar) Ciutats de l'antic Orient Mitjà (ca) Seznam starověkých měst Blízkého východu (cs) Città del Vicino Oriente antico (it) Liste des villes du Proche-Orient ancien (fr) List of cities of the ancient Near East (en) Lijst van steden in Mesopotamië (nl) Города древнего Ближнего Востока (ru) |
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