History of the Jews in Egypt (original) (raw)

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Yahudi Mesir merupakan salah satu komunitas Yahudi tertua dan termuda di dunia. Populasi Yahudi di Mesir berjumlah dua ribu jiwa pada tahun 2007, lebih rendah ketimbang tahun 1922 yang berjumlah antara 75,000 dan 80,000.

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dbo:abstract اليهود المصريون هم الطائفة اليهودية التي سكنت مصر، وقد كانت من أكبر الطوائف اليهودية في العالم العربي وأكثرهم نفوذا وانفتاحا ومشاركة في مختلف المجالات في المجتمع المصري الحديث. وبرغم عدم وجود إحصاء دقيق، فإن عدد السكان اليهود في مصر قدر بأقل من مئة في عام 2004. بعدما كان بين 75-80 ألف في عام 1922. كانت التركيبة الأساسية للسكان اليهود في مصر تتكون من اليهود الناطقين بالعربية وهم القراؤون، والذين انضم إليهم السفارديم بعد طردهم من إسبانيا. بعد افتتاح قناة السويس، ازدهرت التجارة في مصر، مما جذب إليها في الاشكناز الذين بدأوا في الوصول إلى مصر في أعقاب المذابح التي دبرت لليهود في أوروبا في الجزء الأخير من القرن التاسع عشر، حيث وجدوا الملاذ الآمن في مصر. والذين واقتصرت إقامتهم في القاهرة على منطقة «درب البرابرة». ولكن الأوضاع ساءت لليهود المصريين منذ أواخر أربعينيات القرن العشرين بعد حرب 1948، وازدادت الأمور سوءاً بعد فضيحة لافون وحرب 1956. (ar) Egyptian Jews constitute both one of the oldest and youngest Jewish communities in the world. The historic core of the Jewish community in Egypt consisted mainly of Egyptian Arabic speaking Rabbanites and Karaites. Though Egypt had its own community of Egyptian Jews, after the Jewish expulsion from Spain more Sephardi and Karaite Jews began to migrate to Egypt, and then their numbers increased significantly with the growth of trading prospects after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. As a result, Jews from many territories of the Ottoman Empire as well as Italy and Greece started to settle in the main cities of Egypt, where they thrived. The Ashkenazi community, mainly confined to Cairo's Darb al-Barabira quarter, began to arrive in the aftermath of the waves of pogroms that hit Europe in the latter part of the 19th century. In the 1950s, Egypt began to expel its Jewish population (estimated at between 75,000 and 80,000 in 1948), also sequestering Jewish-owned property at this time. As of 2016, the president of Cairo's Jewish community said that there were 6 Jews in Cairo, all women over age 65, and 12 Jews in Alexandria. As of 2019, there were 5 in Cairo. As of 2022 the total number of known Jews permanently residing in Egypt is 3. (en) L’histoire des Juifs en Égypte s’étend sur plus de deux millénaires, de la période biblique à l’époque contemporaine. Théâtre des événements narrés dans le Livre de l’Exode, l’Égypte héberge, dès 650 avant l’ère commune, des soldats israélites employés par Psammétique Ier. Elle accueille également de nombreux réfugiés du royaume de Juda lorsque le roi Joiaqim se rebelle contre le royaume de Babylone. Quelques siècles plus tard, les communautés qui ont prospéré sous les Ptolémées demeurent, à l’image de Philon d’Alexandrie, fidèles à leur origine, mais elles ont adopté la culture ambiante, pensent en grec et préfèrent lire la Bible dans sa traduction plutôt que dans l’original. Ces communautés sont détruites lors des campagnes de Trajan mais d’autres se développent après la conquête arabo-musulmane et l’Égypte, relais entre les communautés de la diaspora et les académies de la terre d’Israël et de Babylone, recommence[Qui ?] à jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la vie intellectuelle juive au Moyen Âge tant pour les rabbins et leurs disciples que pour leurs opposants, les Karaïtes qui y fondent l’un de leurs principaux centres jusqu’à l’histoire récente. À ces Juifs arabes (arabophones) viennent se joindre au cours des siècles plusieurs vagues de Juifs en provenance de la péninsule Ibérique, des territoires de l’Empire ottoman et enfin d’Europe. Populeuses, culturellement diverses et matériellement aisées, les communautés juives sont, à l’image de l’Égypte d’avant-guerre, cosmopolites, ayant noué des liens avec l’Angleterre, l’Italie ou encore la France par le biais de l’Alliance israélite universelle (AIU). Les Juifs d’Égypte sont menacés une première fois par la montée des nationalismes dans les années 1940. Leurs conditions de vie se détériorent fortement après la création de l'État d'Israël en 1948 et le coup d’État de Gamal Abdel Nasser. D’une population estimée entre 75 000 et 80 000 âmes en 1922, il ne reste pas plus de vingt personnes en 2017. (fr) Yahudi Mesir merupakan salah satu komunitas Yahudi tertua dan termuda di dunia. Populasi Yahudi di Mesir berjumlah dua ribu jiwa pada tahun 2007, lebih rendah ketimbang tahun 1922 yang berjumlah antara 75,000 dan 80,000. (in) Gli ebrei egiziani costituiscono una delle più antiche comunità ebraiche del mondo. Sebbene non esista un censimento preciso, la popolazione ebraica egiziana attuale è stata stimata nel 2004 sotto le cento persone, con un calo drammatico dai 75.000-80.000 del 1922. Il corpo centrale della comunità indigena consisteva principalmente di Rabbaniti e Karaiti. Dopo la loro espulsione dalla Spagna, molti ebrei Sefarditi e Karaiti iniziarono ad emigrare in Egitto e le loro quantità aumentarono notevolmente con la crescita degli scambi commerciali dopo l'apertura del canale di Suez, con altri ebrei che gradualmente si trasferivano da tutti i territori dell'Impero ottomano, dall'Italia e dalla Grecia e si stabilivano nelle principali città egiziane, costituendone poi la maggioranza. La comunità aschenazita rimase circoscritta nel quartiere di Darb al-Barabira del Cairo, iniziando ad arrivare dopo le ondate di pogrom che afflissero l'Europa nella seconda parte del XIX secolo. Oggi la comunità è quasi estinta. Nel 2016 l'esponente della comunità ebraica egiziana Magda Tania Haroun dichiarava che in Egitto erano in vita solo 6 donne ebree, tutte oltre i 65 anni di età . Ragazze ebree egiziane di Alessandria d'Egitto durante la Bat Mitzva tra la fine degli anni '50 e l'inizio degli anni '60. (it) Historia Żydów w Egipcie – historia Żydów mieszkających na terenie Egiptu od czasów starożytnych. Egipscy Żydzi stanowią jedną z najstarszych wspólnot żydowskich na świecie. W 1922 ich liczba wynosiła pomiędzy 75 000 a 80 000, jednak z powodu masowej emigracji w 2004 w Egipcie żyło mniej niż 100 Żydów. Historycznym rdzeniem społeczności byli głównie arabskojęzyczni wyznawcy judaizmu i karaimizmu. Po wypędzeniu Żydów z Hiszpanii w XV w. do Egiptu przybyła część Sefardyjczyków i Karaitów. Po otwarciu Kanału Sueskiego, wraz ze wzrostem znaczenia handlu, ich liczba znacząco wzrosła i awansowali do elity handlowej i kulturowej. W następstwie pogromów, które dosięgły Żydów aszkenazyjskich w Europie w 2. poł. XIX w., pojawili się oni w Egipcie, głównie w kairskiej dzielnicy Darb al-Barabira. (pl) Египетские евреи — евреи, проживавшие в Египте, а также в разное время эмигрировавшие из него в другие страны (в основном, в Израиль, США, страны Латинской Америки и Европы), и их потомки. Египет является страной, с которой традиционно связывают историю формирования еврейского народа в XVI — XIV век до н. э. В историческое время евреи поселились в Египте после падения Иудейского царства, разрушения Первого храма Навуходоносором, и череды последовавших неудачных восстаний. Около двух тысяч лет спустя к ним присоединились многочисленные евреи с Пиренейского полуострова, сначала бегущие от преследования фанатичных мусульманских властей, а затем изгнанные из христианской Испании. Вплоть до начала XX века Египет неоднократно принимал волны еврейских иммигрантов и беженцев, в том числе и из Российской империи. В самом Египте выходцы из многих общин в течение длительного времени сохраняли свою прежнюю идентификацию и не образовали единого этноса. К началу XX века в Египте проживало около 100 000 евреев. Однако геополитическая ситуация на Ближнем Востоке и политические перемены внутри современного Египта в XX веке во многом стали причиной, повлёкшей за собой «угасание» египетской еврейской общины, к началу XXI века еврейское население сократилось до ста пожилых людей. (ru)
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dbp:caption The location of Egypt in Africa (en)
dbp:group Egyptian Jews (en)
dbp:langs Hebrew, Egyptian Arabic (en)
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dbp:population 57500 (xsd:integer)
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rdfs:comment Yahudi Mesir merupakan salah satu komunitas Yahudi tertua dan termuda di dunia. Populasi Yahudi di Mesir berjumlah dua ribu jiwa pada tahun 2007, lebih rendah ketimbang tahun 1922 yang berjumlah antara 75,000 dan 80,000. (in) Historia Żydów w Egipcie – historia Żydów mieszkających na terenie Egiptu od czasów starożytnych. Egipscy Żydzi stanowią jedną z najstarszych wspólnot żydowskich na świecie. W 1922 ich liczba wynosiła pomiędzy 75 000 a 80 000, jednak z powodu masowej emigracji w 2004 w Egipcie żyło mniej niż 100 Żydów. Historycznym rdzeniem społeczności byli głównie arabskojęzyczni wyznawcy judaizmu i karaimizmu. Po wypędzeniu Żydów z Hiszpanii w XV w. do Egiptu przybyła część Sefardyjczyków i Karaitów. Po otwarciu Kanału Sueskiego, wraz ze wzrostem znaczenia handlu, ich liczba znacząco wzrosła i awansowali do elity handlowej i kulturowej. W następstwie pogromów, które dosięgły Żydów aszkenazyjskich w Europie w 2. poł. XIX w., pojawili się oni w Egipcie, głównie w kairskiej dzielnicy Darb al-Barabira. (pl) اليهود المصريون هم الطائفة اليهودية التي سكنت مصر، وقد كانت من أكبر الطوائف اليهودية في العالم العربي وأكثرهم نفوذا وانفتاحا ومشاركة في مختلف المجالات في المجتمع المصري الحديث. وبرغم عدم وجود إحصاء دقيق، فإن عدد السكان اليهود في مصر قدر بأقل من مئة في عام 2004. بعدما كان بين 75-80 ألف في عام 1922. كانت التركيبة الأساسية للسكان اليهود في مصر تتكون من اليهود الناطقين بالعربية وهم القراؤون، والذين انضم إليهم السفارديم بعد طردهم من إسبانيا. بعد افتتاح قناة السويس، ازدهرت التجارة في مصر، مما جذب إليها في الاشكناز الذين بدأوا في الوصول إلى مصر في أعقاب المذابح التي دبرت لليهود في أوروبا في الجزء الأخير من القرن التاسع عشر، حيث وجدوا الملاذ الآمن في مصر. والذين واقتصرت إقامتهم في القاهرة على منطقة «درب البرابرة». ولكن الأوضاع ساءت لليهود المصريين منذ أواخر أربعينيات القرن العشرين بعد حرب 1948، و (ar) Egyptian Jews constitute both one of the oldest and youngest Jewish communities in the world. The historic core of the Jewish community in Egypt consisted mainly of Egyptian Arabic speaking Rabbanites and Karaites. Though Egypt had its own community of Egyptian Jews, after the Jewish expulsion from Spain more Sephardi and Karaite Jews began to migrate to Egypt, and then their numbers increased significantly with the growth of trading prospects after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. As a result, Jews from many territories of the Ottoman Empire as well as Italy and Greece started to settle in the main cities of Egypt, where they thrived. The Ashkenazi community, mainly confined to Cairo's Darb al-Barabira quarter, began to arrive in the aftermath of the waves of pogroms that hit Europe (en) L’histoire des Juifs en Égypte s’étend sur plus de deux millénaires, de la période biblique à l’époque contemporaine. Théâtre des événements narrés dans le Livre de l’Exode, l’Égypte héberge, dès 650 avant l’ère commune, des soldats israélites employés par Psammétique Ier. Elle accueille également de nombreux réfugiés du royaume de Juda lorsque le roi Joiaqim se rebelle contre le royaume de Babylone. Quelques siècles plus tard, les communautés qui ont prospéré sous les Ptolémées demeurent, à l’image de Philon d’Alexandrie, fidèles à leur origine, mais elles ont adopté la culture ambiante, pensent en grec et préfèrent lire la Bible dans sa traduction plutôt que dans l’original. (fr) Gli ebrei egiziani costituiscono una delle più antiche comunità ebraiche del mondo. Sebbene non esista un censimento preciso, la popolazione ebraica egiziana attuale è stata stimata nel 2004 sotto le cento persone, con un calo drammatico dai 75.000-80.000 del 1922. Il corpo centrale della comunità indigena consisteva principalmente di Rabbaniti e Karaiti. Dopo la loro espulsione dalla Spagna, molti ebrei Sefarditi e Karaiti iniziarono ad emigrare in Egitto e le loro quantità aumentarono notevolmente con la crescita degli scambi commerciali dopo l'apertura del canale di Suez, con altri ebrei che gradualmente si trasferivano da tutti i territori dell'Impero ottomano, dall'Italia e dalla Grecia e si stabilivano nelle principali città egiziane, costituendone poi la maggioranza. La comunità asc (it) Египетские евреи — евреи, проживавшие в Египте, а также в разное время эмигрировавшие из него в другие страны (в основном, в Израиль, США, страны Латинской Америки и Европы), и их потомки. Египет является страной, с которой традиционно связывают историю формирования еврейского народа в XVI — XIV век до н. э. (ru)
rdfs:label تاريخ اليهود في مصر (ar) Yahudi-Mesir (in) History of the Jews in Egypt (en) Storia degli ebrei in Egitto (it) Histoire des Juifs en Égypte (fr) Historia Żydów w Egipcie (pl) История евреев в Египте (ru)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Leontopolis_(Heliopolis)
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