Election monitoring (original) (raw)
L'observació electoral és una disciplina tècnica del l'objectiu de la qual és impedir el frau en els plebiscits i votacions populars. També es denominada logística, supervisió o monitoratge electoral. L'observació electoral es presenta en dos nivells: nacional o intern i internacional o extern.
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| dbo:abstract | L'observació electoral és una disciplina tècnica del l'objectiu de la qual és impedir el frau en els plebiscits i votacions populars. També es denominada logística, supervisió o monitoratge electoral. L'observació electoral es presenta en dos nivells: nacional o intern i internacional o extern. (ca) مراقبة الانتخابات تعني تولي جهات مستقلة إما قادمة من خارج الحكومة، محلية أو دولة،الإشراف على نزاهة الانتخابات.وفي الغالب هنالك نوعان من مراقبي الانتخابات: مراقبون لفترة طويلة(م ف ط) ومراقبون لفترة قصيرة (م ف ق) . يراقب مراقبوالفترة الطويلة جميع نواحي العملية الانتخابية بما في ذلك تسجيل الناخبين والدعم اللوجستي وتعيين المرشحين وإقامة الحملاتالانتخابية والاقتراع وعد الأصوات وإعلان النتائج ومعالجة الشكاوي والنزاعات ولايقتصر نشاطهم على ذلك فقط بل يقوموابالإشراف على عملية الانتخابات في يوم الاقتراع. (ar) Volební pozorovatelé působí na tzv. pozorovatelských misích. Jejich primárním úkolem je přispívat k zefektivnění procesu demokratizace či tranzice v mnoha zemích světa, nejen Evropy. Typickými příklady účasti volebních pozorovatelů u voleb z posledních let jsou prezidentské volby v roce 2004 na Ukrajině (Juščenko/Tymošenková x Janukovyč) či všeobecné volby v Keni v roce 2008, které vyvolaly extrémní vlnu násilí (až 1500 mrtvých). Takových případů existuje celá řada. (cs) Der Wahlbeobachter ist eine unabhängige Person, die eine Wahl oder Abstimmung beobachtet und sie dadurch auf ihre rechtmäßige Durchführung im demokratischen Sinne hin überprüft. So soll Wahlfälschung verhindert werden. Die Wahlbeobachtung erstreckt sich, um wirksam zu sein, sowohl auf die Vorbereitung der Wahlen (Wählerlisten, Stimmzettel, Wahllokale usw.) als auch – unter Wahrung des Wahlgeheimnisses – auf die Wahlhandlung selbst (mögliche Behinderungen oder Beeinflussungen), auf die Stimmauszählung und Protokollierung des Wahlergebnisses. International ist es üblich, dass auch ausländische Wahlbeobachter, zum Beispiel von der OSZE, vor Ort sind und ihre Erkenntnisse ungehindert veröffentlichen können. (de) Election monitoring involves the observation of an election by one or more independent parties, typically from another country or from a non-governmental organization (NGO). The monitoring parties aim primarily to assess the conduct of an election process on the basis of national legislation and of international election standards. There are national and international election observers. Monitors do not directly prevent electoral fraud, but rather record and report instances of suspicious practices. Election observation increasingly looks at the entire electoral process over a long period of time, rather than at election-day proceedings only. The legitimacy of an election can be affected by the criticism of monitors, unless they are themselves seen as biased. A notable individual is often appointed honorary leader of a monitoring organization in an effort to enhance legitimacy of the monitoring process. (en) L’observation des élections désigne l'observation d'une élection précise par une ou plusieurs parties indépendantes soit originaires d'un autre pays soit provenant d'une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG). L'observation a pour but d'assurer un processus électoral équitable, conduit selon des standards internationaux, ce qui encourage la protection des droits civils et politiques. La légitimité d'une élection peut être affectée par les critiques des observateurs. La Division de l'assistance électorale des Nations unies est l'organisation la plus connue maintenant du personnel permanent d'observateurs et d'experts en élections qui assiste à des élections dans le monde entier. D'autres organisations internationales comme l'Organisation pour la sécurité et la coopération en Europe (OSCE), l'Union européenne (UE), Le Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux du Conseil de l'Europe, l'Union africaine ou encore l'Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF) ont également une mission d'observation des élections. L'observation des élections peut être réalisée sous diverses formes, mais en général les élections sont suivies par un petit nombre d'observateurs qui se concentrent dans des endroits qui pourraient présenter des problèmes. (fr) La observación electoral es una disciplina técnica del Derecho electoral cuyo objetivo es impedir el fraude en los plebiscitos y votaciones populares mediante la activa vigilancia de elecciones por uno o más partidos independientes, generalmente de otro país o de una Organización No Gubernamental (ONG). También se le denomina logística, supervisión o monitorización electoral. La observación electoral se presenta en dos niveles: nacional o interno e internacional o externo. Los Observadores no evitan directamente el fraude electoral, pero sí asientan y reportan tales circunstancias. La mira cada vez más el proceso electoral por un período más largo de tiempo, en lugar de hacerlo solamente durante el día de los comicios. La legitimidad de una elección puede ser afectada por la crítica de los monitores, siempre que sean vistos como imparciales. Un destacado individuo es a menudo señalado como líder honorario de una organización de monitorización en un esfuerzo por exaltar su propia legitimidad. (es) O monitoramento eleitoral é a observação de uma eleição por um ou mais partidos independentes, normalmente de outro país ou organização não governamental (ONG), principalmente para avaliar a condução de um processo eleitoral com base na legislação nacional e nos padrões internacionais de eleição. Existem observadores eleitorais nacionais e internacionais. Os monitores não impedem diretamente a fraude eleitoral, mas registram e relatam tais instâncias. A observação eleitoral examina cada vez mais todo o processo eleitoral por um longo período de tempo, e não apenas os procedimentos no dia das eleições. A legitimidade de uma eleição pode ser afetada pelas críticas dos monitores, desde que eles próprios sejam vistos como imparciais. Um indivíduo notável é freqüentemente nomeado líder honorário de uma organização de monitoramento, em um esforço para aumentar sua própria legitimidade. (pt) Valobservation (tidigare valövervakning) innebär internationell observation av allmänna val, såsom presidentval, parlamentsval och lokalval. De organiseras ofta av OSSE, EU eller FN. Det finns också enskilda organisationer som observerar val, till exempel Carter Centre. Traditionellt observerar utsända diplomater val i länderna där de är stationerade. Politiska partier brukar i solidaritet med systerpartier skicka observatörer. Kriterier för giltiga val finns i den allmänna förklaringen om de mänskliga rättigheterna, där det står att val ska vara fria, verkliga, periodiska, med lika rösträtt och skydda väljarens rätt till valhemlighet. FN har tillsammans med ett 20-tal organisationer tagit fram en uppförandekod för internationell valobservation. Från Sverige skickar Folke Bernadotteakademin (FBA) på uppdrag av Utrikesdepartementet svenska valobservatörer till OSSE:s och EU:s valobservationsinsatser. (sv) Наблюдение за выборами предполагает мониторинг со стороны одной или нескольких организаций либо международного уровня (неправительственные организации) либо национального. Целью наблюдения является обеспечение справедливого избирательного процесса в соответствии с общепринятыми международными стандартами по защите гражданских и политических прав человека. Наблюдатели могут поставить вопрос о легитимном характере выборов. Департамент электорального мониторинга ООН в настоящее время является наиболее известным постоянным корпусом наблюдателей и экспертов в области избирательного права и процесса, которые работают по всему миру. Другие международные организации, например, Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе (ОБСЕ), Европейский союз, Конгресс местных и региональных властей Совета Европы, Африканский Союз также имеют полномочия в сфере наблюдения за выборами. (ru) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.gndem.org/ http://www.cartercenter.org/peace/democracy/index.html http://www.coe.int/t/congress/default_EN.asp%3F https://web.archive.org/web/20050313084428/http:/www.beyondintractability.org/m/election_monitoring.jsp https://web.archive.org/web/20061129194810/http:/www.accessdemocracy.org/library/1923_declaration_102705.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20061216105612/http:/ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/human_rights/eu_election_ass_observ/docs/handbook_en.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20070611030819/http:/www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2005/04/14004_240_en.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142454/http:/www.e-voting.cc/topics/wp/ https://web.archive.org/web/20080212071655/http:/www.ifes.org/elections.html https://web.archive.org/web/20080331163655/http:/www.ndi.org/globalp/elections/programselc/monitors.asp https://web.archive.org/web/20080911024732/http:/www.osce.org/publications/odihr/2007/04/24088_829_en.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20100612214423/http:/thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/190591/democracy_and_consensus_building/ https://web.archive.org/web/20100623233108/http:/www.venice.coe.int/docs/2009/CDL-AD(2009)059-e.pdf http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections |
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| rdfs:comment | L'observació electoral és una disciplina tècnica del l'objectiu de la qual és impedir el frau en els plebiscits i votacions populars. També es denominada logística, supervisió o monitoratge electoral. L'observació electoral es presenta en dos nivells: nacional o intern i internacional o extern. (ca) مراقبة الانتخابات تعني تولي جهات مستقلة إما قادمة من خارج الحكومة، محلية أو دولة،الإشراف على نزاهة الانتخابات.وفي الغالب هنالك نوعان من مراقبي الانتخابات: مراقبون لفترة طويلة(م ف ط) ومراقبون لفترة قصيرة (م ف ق) . يراقب مراقبوالفترة الطويلة جميع نواحي العملية الانتخابية بما في ذلك تسجيل الناخبين والدعم اللوجستي وتعيين المرشحين وإقامة الحملاتالانتخابية والاقتراع وعد الأصوات وإعلان النتائج ومعالجة الشكاوي والنزاعات ولايقتصر نشاطهم على ذلك فقط بل يقوموابالإشراف على عملية الانتخابات في يوم الاقتراع. (ar) Volební pozorovatelé působí na tzv. pozorovatelských misích. Jejich primárním úkolem je přispívat k zefektivnění procesu demokratizace či tranzice v mnoha zemích světa, nejen Evropy. Typickými příklady účasti volebních pozorovatelů u voleb z posledních let jsou prezidentské volby v roce 2004 na Ukrajině (Juščenko/Tymošenková x Janukovyč) či všeobecné volby v Keni v roce 2008, které vyvolaly extrémní vlnu násilí (až 1500 mrtvých). Takových případů existuje celá řada. (cs) Der Wahlbeobachter ist eine unabhängige Person, die eine Wahl oder Abstimmung beobachtet und sie dadurch auf ihre rechtmäßige Durchführung im demokratischen Sinne hin überprüft. So soll Wahlfälschung verhindert werden. Die Wahlbeobachtung erstreckt sich, um wirksam zu sein, sowohl auf die Vorbereitung der Wahlen (Wählerlisten, Stimmzettel, Wahllokale usw.) als auch – unter Wahrung des Wahlgeheimnisses – auf die Wahlhandlung selbst (mögliche Behinderungen oder Beeinflussungen), auf die Stimmauszählung und Protokollierung des Wahlergebnisses. International ist es üblich, dass auch ausländische Wahlbeobachter, zum Beispiel von der OSZE, vor Ort sind und ihre Erkenntnisse ungehindert veröffentlichen können. (de) Election monitoring involves the observation of an election by one or more independent parties, typically from another country or from a non-governmental organization (NGO). The monitoring parties aim primarily to assess the conduct of an election process on the basis of national legislation and of international election standards. There are national and international election observers. Monitors do not directly prevent electoral fraud, but rather record and report instances of suspicious practices. Election observation increasingly looks at the entire electoral process over a long period of time, rather than at election-day proceedings only. The legitimacy of an election can be affected by the criticism of monitors, unless they are themselves seen as biased. A notable individual is often (en) La observación electoral es una disciplina técnica del Derecho electoral cuyo objetivo es impedir el fraude en los plebiscitos y votaciones populares mediante la activa vigilancia de elecciones por uno o más partidos independientes, generalmente de otro país o de una Organización No Gubernamental (ONG). También se le denomina logística, supervisión o monitorización electoral. La observación electoral se presenta en dos niveles: nacional o interno e internacional o externo. (es) L’observation des élections désigne l'observation d'une élection précise par une ou plusieurs parties indépendantes soit originaires d'un autre pays soit provenant d'une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG). L'observation a pour but d'assurer un processus électoral équitable, conduit selon des standards internationaux, ce qui encourage la protection des droits civils et politiques. La légitimité d'une élection peut être affectée par les critiques des observateurs. (fr) O monitoramento eleitoral é a observação de uma eleição por um ou mais partidos independentes, normalmente de outro país ou organização não governamental (ONG), principalmente para avaliar a condução de um processo eleitoral com base na legislação nacional e nos padrões internacionais de eleição. Existem observadores eleitorais nacionais e internacionais. Os monitores não impedem diretamente a fraude eleitoral, mas registram e relatam tais instâncias. A observação eleitoral examina cada vez mais todo o processo eleitoral por um longo período de tempo, e não apenas os procedimentos no dia das eleições. A legitimidade de uma eleição pode ser afetada pelas críticas dos monitores, desde que eles próprios sejam vistos como imparciais. Um indivíduo notável é freqüentemente nomeado líder honorári (pt) Наблюдение за выборами предполагает мониторинг со стороны одной или нескольких организаций либо международного уровня (неправительственные организации) либо национального. Целью наблюдения является обеспечение справедливого избирательного процесса в соответствии с общепринятыми международными стандартами по защите гражданских и политических прав человека. Наблюдатели могут поставить вопрос о легитимном характере выборов. (ru) Valobservation (tidigare valövervakning) innebär internationell observation av allmänna val, såsom presidentval, parlamentsval och lokalval. De organiseras ofta av OSSE, EU eller FN. Det finns också enskilda organisationer som observerar val, till exempel Carter Centre. Traditionellt observerar utsända diplomater val i länderna där de är stationerade. Politiska partier brukar i solidaritet med systerpartier skicka observatörer. FN har tillsammans med ett 20-tal organisationer tagit fram en uppförandekod för internationell valobservation. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | مراقبة الانتخابات (ar) Observació electoral (ca) Volební pozorovatel (cs) Wahlbeobachter (de) Observación electoral (es) Election monitoring (en) Observation des élections (fr) Monitoramento eleitoral (pt) Наблюдение за выборами (ru) Valobservation (sv) |
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