Executive magistrates of the Roman Republic (original) (raw)
The executive magistrates of the Roman Republic were officials of the ancient Roman Republic (c. 510 BC – 44 BC), elected by the People of Rome. Ordinary magistrates (magistratus) were divided into several ranks according to their role and the power they wielded: censors, consuls (who functioned as the regular head of state), praetors, curule aediles, and finally quaestor. Any magistrate could obstruct (veto) an action that was being taken by a magistrate with an equal or lower degree of magisterial powers. By definition, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles were technically not magistrates as they were elected only by the plebeians, but no ordinary magistrate could veto any of their actions. Dictator was an extraordinary magistrate normally elected in times of emergency (usually militar
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| dbo:abstract | The executive magistrates of the Roman Republic were officials of the ancient Roman Republic (c. 510 BC – 44 BC), elected by the People of Rome. Ordinary magistrates (magistratus) were divided into several ranks according to their role and the power they wielded: censors, consuls (who functioned as the regular head of state), praetors, curule aediles, and finally quaestor. Any magistrate could obstruct (veto) an action that was being taken by a magistrate with an equal or lower degree of magisterial powers. By definition, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles were technically not magistrates as they were elected only by the plebeians, but no ordinary magistrate could veto any of their actions. Dictator was an extraordinary magistrate normally elected in times of emergency (usually military) for a short period. During this period, the dictator's power over the Roman government was absolute, as they were not checked by any institution or magistrate. (en) Les magistrats de la République romaine sont des représentants élus par le peuple romain (Populus Romanus), une partie de celui-ci ou exceptionnellement nommés par un autre magistrat, afin de prendre en charge l'administration des affaires communes et d'assurer le bon fonctionnement du gouvernement. Ils sont investis de pouvoirs (imperium et potestas) à des degrés divers selon leur importance et leur mission. On peut distinguer les magistrats du peuple, élus par l'ensemble du peuple réuni en comices, des magistrats de la plèbe (tribuns et édiles plébéiens), élus par une partie seulement du peuple, réunie en un concile plébéien. Parmi les magistrats du peuple, les magistrats ordinaires sont élus par une des deux principales assemblées du peuple, les comices centuriates ou les comices tributes. Les magistrats extraordinaires constituent une exception puisqu'ils ne sont pas directement élus par le peuple mais nommés par un autre magistrat. Par exemple, le dictateur est nommé par les consuls avec l’aval du Sénat. Au début de la République, les magistrats, véritables héritiers du pouvoir royal dont ils sont déjà les garants en l'absence du roi sous la monarchie, cumulent tous les pouvoirs. La transition du régime monarchique au régime républicain n'est pas brutale et se fait progressivement. Les magistratures continuent de se développer et leurs pouvoirs d'évoluer durant toute la République. Toutes les magistratures romaines ne sont pas créées en même temps, certaines n'ont quasiment pas, voire jamais, coexisté. Elles forment un ensemble qui manque de cohérence et qui a été plus ou moins habilement intégré dans les institutions politiques romaines. Ce n'est qu'au début du IIe siècle av. J.-C. qu'est définie par la loi une organisation partielle des magistratures, qui entérine la succession et la hiérarchisation de certaines d'entre elles. Cette volonté organisatrice n'est finalement pas suffisante pour empêcher le régime républicain de s'effondrer.( Pour des articles plus généraux, voir Magistrats romains et Institutions de la République romaine. ) (fr) |
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| rdfs:comment | The executive magistrates of the Roman Republic were officials of the ancient Roman Republic (c. 510 BC – 44 BC), elected by the People of Rome. Ordinary magistrates (magistratus) were divided into several ranks according to their role and the power they wielded: censors, consuls (who functioned as the regular head of state), praetors, curule aediles, and finally quaestor. Any magistrate could obstruct (veto) an action that was being taken by a magistrate with an equal or lower degree of magisterial powers. By definition, plebeian tribunes and plebeian aediles were technically not magistrates as they were elected only by the plebeians, but no ordinary magistrate could veto any of their actions. Dictator was an extraordinary magistrate normally elected in times of emergency (usually militar (en) Les magistrats de la République romaine sont des représentants élus par le peuple romain (Populus Romanus), une partie de celui-ci ou exceptionnellement nommés par un autre magistrat, afin de prendre en charge l'administration des affaires communes et d'assurer le bon fonctionnement du gouvernement. Ils sont investis de pouvoirs (imperium et potestas) à des degrés divers selon leur importance et leur mission.( Pour des articles plus généraux, voir Magistrats romains et Institutions de la République romaine. ) (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Executive magistrates of the Roman Republic (en) Magistrats de la République romaine (fr) |
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