F. W. de Klerk (original) (raw)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburg, 18 de març de 1936 - Ciutat del Cap, 11 de novembre de 2021) fou un polític sud-africà que fou President del Govern sud-africà entre 1989 i 1994 i Vicepresident entre 1994 i 1996. El 1993 li fou concedit el Premi Nobel de la Pau juntament amb Nelson Mandela. (ca)
- فريديريك ويليم دي كليرك (بالأفريقانية: Frederik Willem de Klerk) (مواليد 18 مارس 1936 في جوهانسبرغ - 11 نوفمبر 2021) هو سياسي ومحامي جنوب أفريقي. فريدريك هو آخر رئيس أبيض لجنوب أفريقيا. امتدت ولايته من 1989 إلى 1994. قام فريديرك بعدة تعديلات أدت إلى انهاء أبارتيد سنة 1991 كما قاد عدة حوارات مع المجلس الإفريقي القومي بقيادة نيلسون مانديلا أدت إلى تشكيل أول حكومة متعددة الأعراق في تاريخ البلاد. أدت هذه العوامل إلى تحصله على جائزة نوبل للسلام مناصفة مع نيلسون مانديلا سنة 1993. شغل بين 1994 و 1996 منصب نائب الرئيس (نيلسون مانديلا في ذلك الوقت). شغل بين 1989 و 1997 منصب رئيس الحزب الوطني (جنوب أفريقيا). (ar)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (18. března 1936 Johannesburg – 11. listopadu 2021 Kapské Město) byl státní prezident Jihoafrické republiky a nositel Nobelovy ceny míru. Spolu s Nelsonem Mandelou se podílel na destrukci politiky rasové segregace, tzv. apartheidu v JAR. (cs)
- Ο Φρεντερίκ Ντε Κλερκ (Frederik Willem de Klerk, 18 Μαρτίου 1936 – 11 Νοεμβρίου 2021) ήταν ο τελευταίος πρόεδρος της Νότιας Αφρικής επί καθεστώτος Απαρτχάιντ, από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 1989 έως τον Μάιο του 1994. Ο Ντε Κλερκ ήταν και ηγέτης του εθνικού κόμματος της χώρας από τον Φεβρουάριο του 1989 ως τον Σεπτέμβριο του 1997. Κατά τα πρώτα χρόνια διακυβέρνησης του Νέλσον Μαντέλα συμμετείχε ως αντιπρόεδρος (1994-1996). Ο τελευταίος, έως τώρα, λευκός Νοτιοαφρικανός που κατείχε αυτή τη θέση. Το 1997 αποσύρθηκε από την πολιτική. Ο Φρεντερίκ Ντε Κλερκ είναι ιδιαίτερα γνωστός ως η προσωπικότητα που έθεσε τέλος στο καθεστώς ρατσιστικών διακρίσεων της Νότιας Αφρικής, γνωστό με τον όρο Απαρτχάιντ, και ως υποστηρικτής δημοκρατικών μεταρρυθμίσεων που οδήγησαν στην ισότητα των πολιτών του κράτους ανεξαρτήτου χρώματος. Βραβεύθηκε με βραβείο Νόμπελ Ειρήνης το 1993 μαζί με τον Νέλσον Μαντέλα. (el)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (afrikaans /ˈfriə̯dərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk/; * 18. März 1936 in Johannesburg; † 11. November 2021 in Kapstadt) war ein südafrikanischer Politiker. Er war von 1989 bis 1994 Staatspräsident der Republik Südafrika. Als Funktionär des rassistischen Apartheid-Regimes Südafrikas sorgte er für Reformen und anschließend für dessen Abschaffung. Zusammen mit Nelson Mandela erhielt er 1993 den Friedensnobelpreis. Trotz seiner Verdienste um die Beendigung der Apartheid weigerte er sich bis zuletzt, sie als Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zu bezeichnen. (de)
- Frederik Willem de KLERK (afrikansa prononco: [ˈfreədərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk]; 18-a de marto 1936 - 11-a de novembro 2021) estis sudafrika politikisto kiu servis kiel ŝtata prezidanto de aŭgusto 1989 al majo 1994. Li estis la sepa kaj lasta ŝtatestro de Sudafriko en la epoko de apartismo. De Klerk estis ankaŭ estro de la Nacia Partio (kiu poste iĝos la Nova Nacia Partio) de februaro 1989 al septembro 1997. De Klerk helpis negoci la finon de la apartismo, nome la sudafrikaj politikoj de rasa segregacio kaj diskriminacio, kaj subtenis la transformon de Sudafriko en ne-ras-bazita demokratio enirante en la negocadon kiu rezultis en la fakto ke ĉiuj civitanoj havu egalan voĉdonrajton kaj aliajn rajtojn. Li ricevis la pac-premion Félix Houphouët-Boigny en 1991, la Premion Princo de Asturio en 1992 kaj la Nobel-premion pri paco en 1993 kun Nelson Mandela pro ilia rolo en la fino de la apartismo. Li estis unu el la deputitaj prezidentoj de Sudafriko dum la prezidenteco de Nelson Mandela ĝis 1996, kaj estas la plej lasta sudafrika blankulo kaj afrikanera kiu tenis la postenon. En 1997 li retiriĝis el la aktiva politiko. Li plurestis aktiva kiel internacia preleganto. (eo)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (/də ˈklɜːrk, də ˈklɛərk/, Afrikaans: [ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk], 18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996 in the democratic government. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party (NP) from 1989 to 1997. Born in Johannesburg to an influential Afrikaner family, de Klerk studied at Potchefstroom University before pursuing a career in law. Joining the NP, to which he had family ties, he was elected to parliament and sat in the white-minority government of P. W. Botha, holding a succession of ministerial posts. As a minister, he supported and enforced apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged white South Africans. After Botha resigned in 1989, de Klerk replaced him, first as leader of the NP and then as State President. Although observers expected him to continue Botha's defence of apartheid, de Klerk decided to end the policy. He was aware that growing ethnic animosity and violence was leading South Africa into a racial civil war. Amid this violence, the state security forces committed widespread human rights abuses and encouraged violence between the Xhosa and Zulu people, although de Klerk later denied sanctioning such actions. He permitted anti-apartheid marches to take place, legalised a range of previously banned anti-apartheid political parties, and freed imprisoned anti-apartheid activists such as Nelson Mandela. He also dismantled South Africa's nuclear weapons program. De Klerk negotiated with Mandela to fully dismantle apartheid and establish a transition to universal suffrage. In 1993, he publicly apologized for apartheid's harmful effects. He oversaw the 1994 non-racial election in which Mandela led the African National Congress (ANC) to victory; de Klerk's NP took second place. De Klerk then became Deputy President in Mandela's ANC-led coalition, the Government of National Unity. In this position, he supported the government's continued liberal economic policies but opposed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up to investigate past human rights abuses because he wanted total amnesty for political crimes. His working relationship with Mandela was strained, although he later spoke fondly of him. In May 1996, after the NP objected to the new constitution, de Klerk withdrew it from the coalition government; the party disbanded the following year and reformed as the New National Party. In 1997, he retired from active politics and thereafter lectured internationally. De Klerk was a controversial figure among many sections of South African society, all for different reasons. He received many awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize for dismantling apartheid and bringing universal suffrage to South Africa. Conversely, he received criticism from anti-apartheid activists for offering only a qualified apology for apartheid, and for ignoring the human rights abuses by state security forces. He was also condemned by South Africa's Afrikaner nationalists, who contended that by abandoning apartheid, he betrayed the interests of the country's Afrikaner minority. (en)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburgo, 18 de marzo de 1936-Ciudad del Cabo, 11 de noviembre de 2021) fue un político sudafricano que fue presidente de su país desde 1989 hasta 1994, y reconocido por liberar de prisión durante su mandato al activista Nelson Mandela y contribuir a poner fin al régimen del apartheid. Por estos logros ambos fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de la Paz de 1993 y con el Premio Príncipe de Asturias de Cooperación Internacional de 1992. De Klerk fue también vicepresidente de Sudáfrica de 1994 a 1996, durante la presidencia de Mandela. (es)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburgo, 1936ko martxoaren 18a - Lurmutur Hiria, 2021eko azaroaren 11) afrikaner jatorriko abokatu eta politikari hegoafrikarra izan zen, apartheid garaiko azken presidentea (1990-1994) eta sasoi horri amaiera emateko lan egin zuena. Izan ere, 1993an Bakearen Nobel Saria elkarbanatu zuen Nelson Mandelarekin batera. Euskal Herrian bizi den gatazka konpontzeko lanetan ere inplikatu zen eta Bruselako Adierazpenaren sinatzaileen artean egon zen. (eu)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (/ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk/), né le 18 mars 1936 à Johannesbourg (Union d'Afrique du Sud) et mort le 11 novembre 2021 à Fresnaye (Afrique du Sud), est un avocat et un homme d'État sud-africain. Membre du Parti national, député (1972-1997), ministre sur différents portefeuilles (1978-1989), il fut le dernier président blanc d'Afrique du Sud, le dernier à porter le titre de président de l'État de la République d'Afrique du Sud (1989-1994) et le dernier chef de l'État sud-africain élu dans le cadre de l'apartheid. À cette fonction, il mena les réformes qui mirent fin à la politique d'apartheid en 1991 et les négociations constitutionnelles avec le Congrès national africain de Nelson Mandela qui aboutirent au premier gouvernement multiracial du pays. Chef du Parti national (1989-1997), il continue sa carrière politique comme vice-président de la République d'Afrique du Sud (1994-1996) sous la présidence de Nelson Mandela et la termine comme chef de l'opposition parlementaire (1996-1997). En 1993, il reçoit le prix Nobel de la paix, conjointement avec Nelson Mandela, pour avoir mis un terme à l'apartheid. (fr)
- Is polaiteoir ón Afraic Theas é Frederik Willem de Klerk, nó F. W. de Klerk mar is fearr atá aithne air (18 Márta 1936 - 11 Samhain 2021). Ba eisean an t-uachtarán deireanach ar an Afraic Theas nuair a bhí an córas cinedheighilte i bhfeidhm (ón mbliain 1948 go dtí na 1990idí). Bhí de Klerk ina Uachtarán Stáit ar Phoblacht na hAfraice Theas (1989-94) agus fuair sé Duais Nobel na Síochána in éineacht le Nelson Mandela sa bhliain 1993. (ga)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (18 Maret 1936 – 11 November 2021) merupakan Presiden kulit putih yang terakhir di Afrika Selatan. Ia menjabat sebagai Presiden dari September 1989 hingga Mei 1994, dan memimpin Partai Nasional atau National Party Afrika Selatan (kemudian dikenal sebagai Partai Nasional Baru Afrika Selatan) dari Februari 1989 hingga September 1997. de Klerk terkenal di dalam sejarah internasional sebagai pemimpin yang berhasil mengakhiri era apartheid, suatu dasar rasialisme di Afrika Selatan yang menindas kaum mayoritas kulit hitam. Ia juga telah mengubah sistem administrasi negara dari sebuah rezim tangan besi ke sistem demokrasi, di mana penduduk kulit hitam (yang melebihi 90% penduduk Afrika Selatan) diberikan hak menentukan nasib. (in)
- 프레데리크 빌럼 데 클레르크(아프리칸스어: Frederik Willem de Klerk, 1936년 3월 18일~2021년 11월 11일)는 남아프리카 공화국의 정치인으로, 1989년부터 1994년까지 남아프리카 공화국 대통령, 1994년부터 1996년까지 부통령을 지냈다. 백인 소수자 통치 시대 남아프리카 공화국의 마지막 국가 원수로서 데 클레르크와 데 클레르크 정부는 아파르트헤이트 제도를 없애고 보통선거를 도입했다. 이념상으로는 보수적이며 경제적 자유주의자였던 데 클레르크는 1989년부터 1997년까지 국민당을 이끌었다. 요하네스버그에서 영향력 있는 아프리카너 가정에서 태어난 데 클레르크는 법조계에서 경력을 쌓기 전에 포체프스트롬 대학교에서 공부했다. 긴밀한 관계에 있던 국민당에 입당하여 국회의원에 당선되었으며, 피터르 빌럼 보타가 이끄는 백인 소수 정부에 들어가 연속으로 장관직을 지냈다. 데 클레르크는 장관으로서 남아프리카 공화국에 거주하는 백인에게 특권을 부여한 인종 분리 체제인 아파르트헤이트를 지지하고 시행했다. 1989년 보타가 대통령직에서 물러난 후, 데 클레르크가 그를 대신해 처음에는 국민당 대표로, 그 다음에는 대통령직을 수행했다. 관찰자들은 그가 보타 정권의 아파르트헤이트 정책을 이어갈 것으로 예상했지만, 드 클레르크는 이 정책을 끝내기로 결정했다. 그는 인종 적대감과 폭력 증가가 남아프리카 공화국을 인종 내전으로 몰아가고 있음을 알고 있었다. 이러한 폭력 사태 속에서 남아공 국가안보군은 만연한 인권 유린을 저질렀고 코사족과 줄루족 간 폭력을 조장했다. 데 클레르크는 아파르트헤이트 반대 행진을 허용했고, 이전에 금지된 다양한 반 아파르트헤이트 정당을 합법화했으며, 넬슨 만델라를 비롯한 투옥된 아파르트헤이트 반대 운동가를 석방했다. 그리고 오랜 기간 지속되어 온 남아프리카 공화국 핵무기 프로그램을 종료했다.데 클레르크는 아파르트헤이트를 완전히 없애고, 보통선거로 전환을 확립하려고 만델라와 협상했다. 1993년에 데 클레르크는 아파르트헤이트 정책이 끼친 해로운 영향과 관련해 공개 사과했지만, 아파르트헤이트 자체는 사과하지 않았다. 데 클레르크는 만델라가 아프리카 국민회의 (ANC)를 승리로 이끈 1994년 비인종 선거를 감독했다. 이 선거에서 데 클레르크가 이끈 국민당이 2위를 차지했다. 데 클레르크는 만델라의 아프리카국민회의가 주도하는 연립정부인 국민통일 정부에서 부통령이 되었다. 데 클레르크는 부통령일 당시, 정부의 자유주의 지향 경제 정책을 지지했지만, 정치 범죄와 관련한 완전한 사면을 원해 과거의 인권 침해를 조사하려는 목적으로 설립된 진실화해위원회와 대립했다. 이 일로 만델라와 관계가 악화되었으나, 훗날에는 관계가 개선되었다. 1996년 5월 국민당이 새 헌법에 반대하자 드 클레르크는 연정에서 탈퇴했다. 당은 다음 해에 해산되고 신국민당으로 재편되었다. 데 클레르크는 1997년, 정계에서 은퇴한 후 국제 무대에서 강의에 전념했다. 데 클레르크는 논란의 여지가 있는 인물이었다. 그는 노벨 평화상을 포함하여 많은 상을 받았고, 아파르트헤이트를 폐지하고, 남아프리카 공화국에 보통선거를 도입한 공로로 널리 찬사를 받았다. 반대로, 아파르트헤이트 반대 운동가들은 그가 아파르트헤이트와 관련한 정당한 사과만하고 남아공 국가안보군의 인권 유린을 무시했다고 비판했다. 한편, 일부 극우 또는 백인 우월주의 성향 남아프리카 공화국 백인들은 데 클레르크가 아파르트헤이트를 포기한 것을 자신들을 배신한 행위라고 비난했다. (ko)
- フレデリック・ウィレム・デクラーク(アフリカーンス語: Frederik Willem de Klerk [ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]、1936年3月18日 - 2021年11月11日)は、南アフリカ共和国の政治家。 「デクラーク」は英語読みで、アフリカーンス語では「デクレルク」と発音する。 大統領(第7代)、副大統領(アパルトヘイト廃止後初代)、下院議員、国民党党首(第7代)を務める。アパルトヘイト体制の解体、アパルトヘイト関係法の廃止に大きな役割を果たした。2022年現在、サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ諸国で正式に大統領に就任した最後の白人である。 (ja)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (IPA: [ˈfrɪədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]; Johannesburg, 18 marzo 1936 – Città del Capo, 11 novembre 2021) è stato un politico sudafricano, presidente del Sudafrica dal 1989 al 1994. A capo del Partito Nazionale (National Party, poi diventato Nuovo Partito Nazionale, New National Party) dal 1989 al 1997, in qualità di capo di Stato accompagnò il Paese dall'apartheid al post-segregazione razziale, avviando negoziati che si conclusero con l'estensione degli stessi diritti civili dei bianchi a tutte le etnie del Sudafrica e ponendo fine alla trentennale carcerazione di Nelson Mandela, attivista per i diritti delle persone nere nel Paese. In ragione di tali riforme sociali e civili fu destinatario del premio Nobel per la pace del 1993 insieme allo stesso Mandela.Quando quest'ultimo divenne suo successore alla presidenza del Sudafrica, de Klerk ne divenne il vice tra il 1994 e il 1996; si ritirò dalla politica attiva nel 1997. È stato l'ultimo presidente bianco del Sudafrica. (it)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburg, 18 maart 1936 – Kaapstad, 11 november 2021) was een Zuid-Afrikaans voormalig politicus. Hij was president van Zuid-Afrika van september 1989 tot mei 1994, en de aanvoerder van de Nasionale Party van februari 1989 tot september 1997. De Klerk staat bekend als de man die apartheid afschafte en Zuid-Afrika tot een democratie omvormde waarbij de zwarte meerderheid van het land stemrecht kreeg, iets waarvoor hij in 1993 met Nelson Mandela de Nobelprijs voor de Vrede kreeg. (nl)
- Фре́дерик Ви́ллем де Клерк (африк. Frederik Willem de Klerk, 18 марта 1936, Йоханнесбург — 11 ноября 2021, Кейптаун) — южноафриканский государственный и политический деятель, президент ЮАР в 1989—1994 годах, последний белый руководитель страны. (ru)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (wym. [ˈfriə̯dərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk]; ur. 18 marca 1936 w Johannesburgu, zm. 11 listopada 2021 w Kapsztadzie) – południowoafrykański polityk, prawnik, prezydent Południowej Afryki w latach 1989–1994, laureat Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla w 1993 (z Nelsonem Mandelą). (pl)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Joanesburgo, 18 de março de 1936 — Cidade do Cabo, 11 de novembro de 2021) foi um político sul-africano que serviu como presidente da África do Sul de setembro de 1989 a maio de 1994, tendo sido o último branco a ocupar o cargo. De Klerk foi também o líder do Partido Nacional, de fevereiro de 1989 a setembro de 1997. Nascido em Joanesburgo em uma influente família africânder, de Klerk estudou na Universidade de Potchefstroom antes de começar uma carreira como advogado. Ele se filiou ao Partido Nacional, que tinha ligações com sua família, sendo eleito para o Parlamento e foi membro do governo de P. W. Botha, servindo em vários postos ministeriais. Como ministro, ele apoiou e implementou políticas do Apartheid, um sistema de segregação racial que privilegiava os sul-africanos brancos em detrimento da maioria negra. Após a renúncia do presidente Botha em 1989, de Klerk o substitui, primeiro como líder do Partido Nacional e depois como Presidente do país. Embora observadores da época acreditassem que de Klerk continuaria com as políticas de Botha em defesa do apartheid, ele decidiu seguir ao caminho oposto e apostar na abertura política e encerrar a política estatal de segregação. Ele estava ciente da crescente animosidade e violência étnica que estava levando a África do Sul a uma guerra civil racial. Em meio a essa crise, as forças de segurança do Estado cometeram abusos generalizados de direitos humanos e encorajavam a violência entre os povos Xhosa e Zulu, embora de Klerk negasse que sancionou estas atitudes. Então, para apaziguar o clima tenso interno da nação, além das condenações da comunidade internacional, ele permitiu marchas e manifestações anti-apartheid, legalizou uma série de partidos políticos anti-apartheid anteriormente proibidos e libertou ativistas presos, incluindo Nelson Mandela. O presidente também desmantelou o programa nuclear sul-africano. De Klerk negociou com Mandela o desmantelamento do governo do apartheid e estabeleceu a transição política para o sufrágio universal. Em 1993, ele formalmente se desculpou pelos efeitos maléficos do apartheid, mas não pelo apartheid em si. Ele supervisionou a eleição livre de 1994 onde Mandela liderou o Congresso Nacional Africano (o ANC) a vitória; o Partido Nacional de Frederik de Klerk terminou em segundo lugar. De Klerk foi vice-presidente de Mandela em sua coalizão, formando o Governo de Unidade Nacional. Nesta posição, ele apoiou as políticas econômicas liberais do governo Mandela, mas se opôs à instituição da que deveria investigar violações de direitos humanos na era do Apartheid. De Klerk defendia anistia completa. Sua relação de trabalho com Mandela era tensa, embora mais tarde ele falasse positivamente dele. Em maio de 1996, após o Partido Nacional se opôr a nova constituição do país, de Klerk se retirou da coalizão de governo; o partido se desfez no ano seguinte e se reformou como o "Novo Partido Nacional". Em 1997, ele se aposentou da política ativa e, a partir daí, lecionou internacionalmente. De Klerk foi uma figura controvérsa. Ele recebeu vários prêmios, incluindo um Nobel da Paz, ganhando muitos elogios por desmantelar o apartheid e trazer sufrágio universal para a África do Sul. Por outro lado, ativistas anti-apartheid o criticaram por oferecer apenas um pedido de desculpas básico pelo regime repressivo e por ignorar os abusos de direitos humanos pelas forças de segurança do Estado. Enquanto isso, membros da extrema-direita sul-africana e supremacistas brancos o acusaram de traição por abandonar o apartheid. Em 19 de março de 2021, foi anunciado que De Klerk sofria com mesotelioma, um tipo de câncer. Alguns meses depois, em 11 de novembro, ele faleceu em sua casa na Cidade do Cabo, enquanto dormia, aos 85 anos de idade. (pt)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk, född 18 mars 1936 i Johannesburg, Gauteng (dåvarande Transvaal), död 11 november 2021 i Kapstaden, var en sydafrikansk politiker som var Sydafrikas president från 1989 till 1994 och därefter vicepresident 1994 till 1996. 1993 delade han Nobels fredspris med Nelson Mandela för sin roll i apartheidsystemets avskaffande. (sv)
- Фредерік Віллем де Клерк (афр. Frederik Willem de Klerk; 18 березня 1936SNAC_—_2010.[[d:Track:Q29861311]] (uk)
- 弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克(南非語:Frederik Willem de Klerk [ˈfrɪədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk],1936年3月18日-2021年11月11日),是南非政治家、南非國家總統(1989年-1994年)、南非副總統(1994年-1996年)。他是南非迄今為止的最後一位白人國家元首,也是廢除種族隔離制度的重要推手,因此和曼德拉在1993年一起獲得諾貝爾和平獎。曾經於1975年4月9日至4月19日期間出任代理國家總統的,為戴克拉克的父親。在2005年「」的票选中,他被評價為第三偉大的南非人。 (zh)
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- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburg, 18 de març de 1936 - Ciutat del Cap, 11 de novembre de 2021) fou un polític sud-africà que fou President del Govern sud-africà entre 1989 i 1994 i Vicepresident entre 1994 i 1996. El 1993 li fou concedit el Premi Nobel de la Pau juntament amb Nelson Mandela. (ca)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (18. března 1936 Johannesburg – 11. listopadu 2021 Kapské Město) byl státní prezident Jihoafrické republiky a nositel Nobelovy ceny míru. Spolu s Nelsonem Mandelou se podílel na destrukci politiky rasové segregace, tzv. apartheidu v JAR. (cs)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (afrikaans /ˈfriə̯dərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk/; * 18. März 1936 in Johannesburg; † 11. November 2021 in Kapstadt) war ein südafrikanischer Politiker. Er war von 1989 bis 1994 Staatspräsident der Republik Südafrika. Als Funktionär des rassistischen Apartheid-Regimes Südafrikas sorgte er für Reformen und anschließend für dessen Abschaffung. Zusammen mit Nelson Mandela erhielt er 1993 den Friedensnobelpreis. Trotz seiner Verdienste um die Beendigung der Apartheid weigerte er sich bis zuletzt, sie als Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit zu bezeichnen. (de)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburgo, 18 de marzo de 1936-Ciudad del Cabo, 11 de noviembre de 2021) fue un político sudafricano que fue presidente de su país desde 1989 hasta 1994, y reconocido por liberar de prisión durante su mandato al activista Nelson Mandela y contribuir a poner fin al régimen del apartheid. Por estos logros ambos fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de la Paz de 1993 y con el Premio Príncipe de Asturias de Cooperación Internacional de 1992. De Klerk fue también vicepresidente de Sudáfrica de 1994 a 1996, durante la presidencia de Mandela. (es)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburgo, 1936ko martxoaren 18a - Lurmutur Hiria, 2021eko azaroaren 11) afrikaner jatorriko abokatu eta politikari hegoafrikarra izan zen, apartheid garaiko azken presidentea (1990-1994) eta sasoi horri amaiera emateko lan egin zuena. Izan ere, 1993an Bakearen Nobel Saria elkarbanatu zuen Nelson Mandelarekin batera. Euskal Herrian bizi den gatazka konpontzeko lanetan ere inplikatu zen eta Bruselako Adierazpenaren sinatzaileen artean egon zen. (eu)
- Is polaiteoir ón Afraic Theas é Frederik Willem de Klerk, nó F. W. de Klerk mar is fearr atá aithne air (18 Márta 1936 - 11 Samhain 2021). Ba eisean an t-uachtarán deireanach ar an Afraic Theas nuair a bhí an córas cinedheighilte i bhfeidhm (ón mbliain 1948 go dtí na 1990idí). Bhí de Klerk ina Uachtarán Stáit ar Phoblacht na hAfraice Theas (1989-94) agus fuair sé Duais Nobel na Síochána in éineacht le Nelson Mandela sa bhliain 1993. (ga)
- フレデリック・ウィレム・デクラーク(アフリカーンス語: Frederik Willem de Klerk [ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]、1936年3月18日 - 2021年11月11日)は、南アフリカ共和国の政治家。 「デクラーク」は英語読みで、アフリカーンス語では「デクレルク」と発音する。 大統領(第7代)、副大統領(アパルトヘイト廃止後初代)、下院議員、国民党党首(第7代)を務める。アパルトヘイト体制の解体、アパルトヘイト関係法の廃止に大きな役割を果たした。2022年現在、サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ諸国で正式に大統領に就任した最後の白人である。 (ja)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Johannesburg, 18 maart 1936 – Kaapstad, 11 november 2021) was een Zuid-Afrikaans voormalig politicus. Hij was president van Zuid-Afrika van september 1989 tot mei 1994, en de aanvoerder van de Nasionale Party van februari 1989 tot september 1997. De Klerk staat bekend als de man die apartheid afschafte en Zuid-Afrika tot een democratie omvormde waarbij de zwarte meerderheid van het land stemrecht kreeg, iets waarvoor hij in 1993 met Nelson Mandela de Nobelprijs voor de Vrede kreeg. (nl)
- Фре́дерик Ви́ллем де Клерк (африк. Frederik Willem de Klerk, 18 марта 1936, Йоханнесбург — 11 ноября 2021, Кейптаун) — южноафриканский государственный и политический деятель, президент ЮАР в 1989—1994 годах, последний белый руководитель страны. (ru)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (wym. [ˈfriə̯dərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk]; ur. 18 marca 1936 w Johannesburgu, zm. 11 listopada 2021 w Kapsztadzie) – południowoafrykański polityk, prawnik, prezydent Południowej Afryki w latach 1989–1994, laureat Pokojowej Nagrody Nobla w 1993 (z Nelsonem Mandelą). (pl)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk, född 18 mars 1936 i Johannesburg, Gauteng (dåvarande Transvaal), död 11 november 2021 i Kapstaden, var en sydafrikansk politiker som var Sydafrikas president från 1989 till 1994 och därefter vicepresident 1994 till 1996. 1993 delade han Nobels fredspris med Nelson Mandela för sin roll i apartheidsystemets avskaffande. (sv)
- Фредерік Віллем де Клерк (афр. Frederik Willem de Klerk; 18 березня 1936SNAC_—_2010.[[d:Track:Q29861311]] (uk)
- 弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克(南非語:Frederik Willem de Klerk [ˈfrɪədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk],1936年3月18日-2021年11月11日),是南非政治家、南非國家總統(1989年-1994年)、南非副總統(1994年-1996年)。他是南非迄今為止的最後一位白人國家元首,也是廢除種族隔離制度的重要推手,因此和曼德拉在1993年一起獲得諾貝爾和平獎。曾經於1975年4月9日至4月19日期間出任代理國家總統的,為戴克拉克的父親。在2005年「」的票选中,他被評價為第三偉大的南非人。 (zh)
- فريديريك ويليم دي كليرك (بالأفريقانية: Frederik Willem de Klerk) (مواليد 18 مارس 1936 في جوهانسبرغ - 11 نوفمبر 2021) هو سياسي ومحامي جنوب أفريقي. فريدريك هو آخر رئيس أبيض لجنوب أفريقيا. امتدت ولايته من 1989 إلى 1994. قام فريديرك بعدة تعديلات أدت إلى انهاء أبارتيد سنة 1991 كما قاد عدة حوارات مع المجلس الإفريقي القومي بقيادة نيلسون مانديلا أدت إلى تشكيل أول حكومة متعددة الأعراق في تاريخ البلاد. أدت هذه العوامل إلى تحصله على جائزة نوبل للسلام مناصفة مع نيلسون مانديلا سنة 1993. (ar)
- Ο Φρεντερίκ Ντε Κλερκ (Frederik Willem de Klerk, 18 Μαρτίου 1936 – 11 Νοεμβρίου 2021) ήταν ο τελευταίος πρόεδρος της Νότιας Αφρικής επί καθεστώτος Απαρτχάιντ, από τον Σεπτέμβριο του 1989 έως τον Μάιο του 1994. Ο Ντε Κλερκ ήταν και ηγέτης του εθνικού κόμματος της χώρας από τον Φεβρουάριο του 1989 ως τον Σεπτέμβριο του 1997. Κατά τα πρώτα χρόνια διακυβέρνησης του Νέλσον Μαντέλα συμμετείχε ως αντιπρόεδρος (1994-1996). Ο τελευταίος, έως τώρα, λευκός Νοτιοαφρικανός που κατείχε αυτή τη θέση. Το 1997 αποσύρθηκε από την πολιτική. (el)
- Frederik Willem de KLERK (afrikansa prononco: [ˈfreədərək ˈvələm dəˈklɛrk]; 18-a de marto 1936 - 11-a de novembro 2021) estis sudafrika politikisto kiu servis kiel ŝtata prezidanto de aŭgusto 1989 al majo 1994. Li estis la sepa kaj lasta ŝtatestro de Sudafriko en la epoko de apartismo. De Klerk estis ankaŭ estro de la Nacia Partio (kiu poste iĝos la Nova Nacia Partio) de februaro 1989 al septembro 1997. (eo)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (/də ˈklɜːrk, də ˈklɛərk/, Afrikaans: [ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk], 18 March 1936 – 11 November 2021) was a South African politician who served as state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as deputy president from 1994 to 1996 in the democratic government. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party (NP) from 1989 to 1997. (en)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (/ˈfriədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk/), né le 18 mars 1936 à Johannesbourg (Union d'Afrique du Sud) et mort le 11 novembre 2021 à Fresnaye (Afrique du Sud), est un avocat et un homme d'État sud-africain. Chef du Parti national (1989-1997), il continue sa carrière politique comme vice-président de la République d'Afrique du Sud (1994-1996) sous la présidence de Nelson Mandela et la termine comme chef de l'opposition parlementaire (1996-1997). En 1993, il reçoit le prix Nobel de la paix, conjointement avec Nelson Mandela, pour avoir mis un terme à l'apartheid. (fr)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (18 Maret 1936 – 11 November 2021) merupakan Presiden kulit putih yang terakhir di Afrika Selatan. Ia menjabat sebagai Presiden dari September 1989 hingga Mei 1994, dan memimpin Partai Nasional atau National Party Afrika Selatan (kemudian dikenal sebagai Partai Nasional Baru Afrika Selatan) dari Februari 1989 hingga September 1997. (in)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (IPA: [ˈfrɪədərək ˈvələm də ˈklɛrk]; Johannesburg, 18 marzo 1936 – Città del Capo, 11 novembre 2021) è stato un politico sudafricano, presidente del Sudafrica dal 1989 al 1994. In ragione di tali riforme sociali e civili fu destinatario del premio Nobel per la pace del 1993 insieme allo stesso Mandela.Quando quest'ultimo divenne suo successore alla presidenza del Sudafrica, de Klerk ne divenne il vice tra il 1994 e il 1996; si ritirò dalla politica attiva nel 1997. È stato l'ultimo presidente bianco del Sudafrica. (it)
- 프레데리크 빌럼 데 클레르크(아프리칸스어: Frederik Willem de Klerk, 1936년 3월 18일~2021년 11월 11일)는 남아프리카 공화국의 정치인으로, 1989년부터 1994년까지 남아프리카 공화국 대통령, 1994년부터 1996년까지 부통령을 지냈다. 백인 소수자 통치 시대 남아프리카 공화국의 마지막 국가 원수로서 데 클레르크와 데 클레르크 정부는 아파르트헤이트 제도를 없애고 보통선거를 도입했다. 이념상으로는 보수적이며 경제적 자유주의자였던 데 클레르크는 1989년부터 1997년까지 국민당을 이끌었다. 데 클레르크는 논란의 여지가 있는 인물이었다. 그는 노벨 평화상을 포함하여 많은 상을 받았고, 아파르트헤이트를 폐지하고, 남아프리카 공화국에 보통선거를 도입한 공로로 널리 찬사를 받았다. 반대로, 아파르트헤이트 반대 운동가들은 그가 아파르트헤이트와 관련한 정당한 사과만하고 남아공 국가안보군의 인권 유린을 무시했다고 비판했다. 한편, 일부 극우 또는 백인 우월주의 성향 남아프리카 공화국 백인들은 데 클레르크가 아파르트헤이트를 포기한 것을 자신들을 배신한 행위라고 비난했다. (ko)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (Joanesburgo, 18 de março de 1936 — Cidade do Cabo, 11 de novembro de 2021) foi um político sul-africano que serviu como presidente da África do Sul de setembro de 1989 a maio de 1994, tendo sido o último branco a ocupar o cargo. De Klerk foi também o líder do Partido Nacional, de fevereiro de 1989 a setembro de 1997. Em 19 de março de 2021, foi anunciado que De Klerk sofria com mesotelioma, um tipo de câncer. Alguns meses depois, em 11 de novembro, ele faleceu em sua casa na Cidade do Cabo, enquanto dormia, aos 85 anos de idade. (pt)
- F. W. de Klerk (en)
- فريديريك ويليم دي كليرك (ar)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (ca)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (cs)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (de)
- Φρεντερίκ Ντε Κλερκ (el)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (eo)
- Frederik de Klerk (es)
- Frederik de Klerk (eu)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (ga)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (fr)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (in)
- Frederik de Klerk (it)
- フレデリック・ウィレム・デクラーク (ja)
- 프레데리크 빌렘 데 클레르크 (ko)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (nl)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (pt)
- Frederik Willem de Klerk (pl)
- F.W. de Klerk (sv)
- Клерк, Фредерик Виллем де (ru)
- Фредерік Віллем де Клерк (uk)
- 弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克 (zh)
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