Semiconductor fabrication plant (original) (raw)
Ein Halbleiterwerk (englisch Fab, kurz für semiconductor fabrication plant), auch Halbleiter- oder Chipfabrik genannt, ist eine Fabrik, in der integrierte Schaltkreise (IC) für die Halbleiter- und Mikroelektronikindustrie produziert werden.
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| dbo:abstract | Una planta de fabricació de semiconductors (en anglès: semiconductor fabrication plant) o fab, és una fàbrica on es produeixen circuits integrats. Una empresa que opera una o diverses plantes de fabricació amb l'objectiu de fabricar els dissenys d'altres empreses, empreses fabless, es coneix en l'argot com a fosa (en anglès: foundry). Les plantes de fabricació requereixen d'una gran quantitat de maquinària i dispositius altament costosos per poder funcionar i operar. S'estima que el cost de construir una planta nova està al voltant de 1000 milions de dòlars, i són freqüents les inversions de 3000-4000 milions de dòlars o més. TSMC invertirà 9300 milions de dòlars en construir una planta per fabricar oblies de 300 mm a Taiwan i s'espera que estigui funcionant al 2012. La part central és la sala blanca, una zona on l'ambient està controlat per eliminar tota la pols, ja que una sola partícula d'aquest pot arruïnar la producció d'un lot complet. La sala blanca també ha d'estar protegida contra les vibracions i mantenir-se dins d'uns marges estrets de temperatura i humitat. Controlar la temperatura i la humitat és crític per minimitzar l'electricitat estàtica. Una sala blanca conté els steppers per la fotolitografia i màquines per al gravat, la neteja, el dopatge i el tall. Totes aquestes màquines són extremadament precises, i per tant, extremadament cares. El preu de l'equipament més comú per processar hòsties de 300 mm va des dels 700.000 fins als 4 milions de dòlars cada un i algunes màquines, com els steppers, arriben als 50 milions de dòlars cada un. Una planta de fabricació típicament compta amb diversos centenars de màquines. (ca) Ein Halbleiterwerk (englisch Fab, kurz für semiconductor fabrication plant), auch Halbleiter- oder Chipfabrik genannt, ist eine Fabrik, in der integrierte Schaltkreise (IC) für die Halbleiter- und Mikroelektronikindustrie produziert werden. (de) Una planta de fabricación de semiconductores (en inglés: semiconductor fabrication plant) o fab, es una fábrica donde se producen circuitos integrados. Una empresa que opera una o varias plantas de fabricación con el objetivo de fabricar los diseños de otras empresas, empresas fabless, se conoce en el argot como fundición (en inglés: foundry). Las plantas de fabricación requieren de una gran cantidad de maquinaria y dispositivos altamente costosos para poder funcionar y operar. Se estima que el coste de construir una planta nueva está alrededor de 1000 millones de dólares, y son frecuentes las inversiones de 3000-4000 millones de dólares o más. TSMC va a invertir 9300 millones de dólares en construir una planta para fabricar obleas de 300 mm en Taiwán y se espera que esté funcionando en 2012. La parte central es la sala blanca, una zona donde el ambiente está controlado para eliminar todo el polvo, ya que una sola partícula de este puede arruinar la producción de un lote completo. La sala blanca también tiene que estar protegida contra las vibraciones y mantenerse dentro de unos márgenes estrechos de temperatura y humedad. Controlar la temperatura y la humedad es crítico para minimizar la electricidad estática. Una sala blanca contiene los steppers para la fotolitografía y máquinas para el , la limpieza, el dopado y el corte. Todas estas máquinas son extremadamente precisas, y por lo tanto, extremadamente caras. El precio del equipamiento más común para procesar obleas de 300 mm va desde los 700.000 hasta los 4 millones de dólares cada uno y algunas máquinas, como los steppers, alcanzan los 50 millones de dólares cada uno. Una planta de fabricación típicamente cuenta con varios centenares de máquinas. (es) In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant (commonly called a fab; sometimes foundry) is a factory where devices such as integrated circuits are manufactured. Fabs require many expensive devices to function. Estimates put the cost of building a new fab over one billion U.S. dollars with values as high as 3–4billionnotbeinguncommon.TSMCinvested3–4 billion not being uncommon. TSMC invested 3–4billionnotbeinguncommon.TSMCinvested9.3 billion in its Fab15 300 mm wafer manufacturing facility in Taiwan. The same company estimations suggest that their future fab might cost 20billion.Afoundrymodelemergedinthe1990s:Foundriesthatproducedtheirowndesignswereknownasintegrateddevicemanufacturers(IDMs).Companiesthatfarmedoutmanufacturingoftheirdesignstofoundriesweretermedfablesssemiconductorcompanies.Thosefoundries,whichdidnotcreatetheirowndesigns,werecalledpure−playsemiconductorfoundries.Thecentralpartofafabisthecleanroom,anareawheretheenvironmentiscontrolledtoeliminatealldust,sinceevenasinglespeckcanruinamicrocircuit,whichhasnanoscalefeaturesmuchsmallerthandustparticles.Thecleanroommustalsobedampedagainstvibrationtoenablenanometer−scalealignmentofmachinesandmustbekeptwithinnarrowbandsoftemperatureandhumidity.Vibrationcontrolmaybeachievedbyusingdeeppilesinthecleanroom′sfoundationthatanchorthecleanroomtothebedrock,carefulselectionoftheconstructionsite,and/orusingvibrationdampers.Controllingtemperatureandhumidityiscriticalforminimizingstaticelectricity.Coronadischargesourcescanalsobeusedtoreducestaticelectricity.Often,afabwillbeconstructedinthefollowingmanner:(fromtoptobottom):theroof,whichmaycontainairhandlingequipmentthatdraws,purifiesandcoolsoutsideair,anairplenumfordistributingtheairtoseveralfloor−mountedfanfilterunits,whicharealsopartofthecleanroom′sceiling,thecleanroomitself,whichmayormaynothavemorethanonestory,areturnairplenum,thecleansubfabthatmaycontainsupportequipmentforthemachinesinthecleanroomsuchaschemicaldelivery,purification,recyclinganddestructionsystems,andthegroundfloor,thatmaycontainelectricalequipment.Fabsalsooftenhavesomeofficespace.Thecleanroomiswhereallfabricationtakesplaceandcontainsthemachineryforintegratedcircuitproductionsuchassteppersand/orscannersforphotolithography,inadditiontoetching,cleaning,dopinganddicingmachines.Allthesedevicesareextremelypreciseandthusextremelyexpensive.Pricesformostcommonpiecesofequipmentfortheprocessingof300mmwafersrangefrom20 billion. A foundry model emerged in the 1990s: Foundries that produced their own designs were known as integrated device manufacturers (IDMs). Companies that farmed out manufacturing of their designs to foundries were termed fabless semiconductor companies. Those foundries, which did not create their own designs, were called pure-play semiconductor foundries. The central part of a fab is the clean room, an area where the environment is controlled to eliminate all dust, since even a single speck can ruin a microcircuit, which has nanoscale features much smaller than dust particles. The clean room must also be damped against vibration to enable nanometer-scale alignment of machines and must be kept within narrow bands of temperature and humidity. Vibration control may be achieved by using deep piles in the cleanroom's foundation that anchor the cleanroom to the bedrock, careful selection of the construction site, and/or using vibration dampers. Controlling temperature and humidity is critical for minimizing static electricity. Corona discharge sources can also be used to reduce static electricity. Often, a fab will be constructed in the following manner: (from top to bottom): the roof, which may contain air handling equipment that draws, purifies and cools outside air, an air plenum for distributing the air to several floor-mounted fan filter units, which are also part of the cleanroom's ceiling, the cleanroom itself, which may or may not have more than one story, a return air plenum, the clean subfab that may contain support equipment for the machines in the cleanroom such as chemical delivery, purification, recycling and destruction systems, and the ground floor, that may contain electrical equipment. Fabs also often have some office space. The clean room is where all fabrication takes place and contains the machinery for integrated circuit production such as steppers and/or scanners for photolithography, in addition to etching, cleaning, doping and dicing machines. All these devices are extremely precise and thus extremely expensive. Prices for most common pieces of equipment for the processing of 300 mm wafers range from 20billion.Afoundrymodelemergedinthe1990s:Foundriesthatproducedtheirowndesignswereknownasintegrateddevicemanufacturers(IDMs).Companiesthatfarmedoutmanufacturingoftheirdesignstofoundriesweretermedfablesssemiconductorcompanies.Thosefoundries,whichdidnotcreatetheirowndesigns,werecalledpure−playsemiconductorfoundries.Thecentralpartofafabisthecleanroom,anareawheretheenvironmentiscontrolledtoeliminatealldust,sinceevenasinglespeckcanruinamicrocircuit,whichhasnanoscalefeaturesmuchsmallerthandustparticles.Thecleanroommustalsobedampedagainstvibrationtoenablenanometer−scalealignmentofmachinesandmustbekeptwithinnarrowbandsoftemperatureandhumidity.Vibrationcontrolmaybeachievedbyusingdeeppilesinthecleanroom′sfoundationthatanchorthecleanroomtothebedrock,carefulselectionoftheconstructionsite,and/orusingvibrationdampers.Controllingtemperatureandhumidityiscriticalforminimizingstaticelectricity.Coronadischargesourcescanalsobeusedtoreducestaticelectricity.Often,afabwillbeconstructedinthefollowingmanner:(fromtoptobottom):theroof,whichmaycontainairhandlingequipmentthatdraws,purifiesandcoolsoutsideair,anairplenumfordistributingtheairtoseveralfloor−mountedfanfilterunits,whicharealsopartofthecleanroom′sceiling,thecleanroomitself,whichmayormaynothavemorethanonestory,areturnairplenum,thecleansubfabthatmaycontainsupportequipmentforthemachinesinthecleanroomsuchaschemicaldelivery,purification,recyclinganddestructionsystems,andthegroundfloor,thatmaycontainelectricalequipment.Fabsalsooftenhavesomeofficespace.Thecleanroomiswhereallfabricationtakesplaceandcontainsthemachineryforintegratedcircuitproductionsuchassteppersand/orscannersforphotolithography,inadditiontoetching,cleaning,dopinganddicingmachines.Allthesedevicesareextremelypreciseandthusextremelyexpensive.Pricesformostcommonpiecesofequipmentfortheprocessingof300mmwafersrangefrom700,000 to upwards of 4,000,000eachwithafewpiecesofequipmentreachingashighas4,000,000 each with a few pieces of equipment reaching as high as 4,000,000eachwithafewpiecesofequipmentreachingashighas340,000,000 each (e.g. EUV scanners). A typical fab will have several hundred equipment items. (en) 파운드리(영어: fab 또는 foundry, semiconductor fabrication plant)란 반도체산업에서 외부 업체가 설계한 반도체 제품을 위탁받아 생산·공급하는, 공장을 가진 전문 생산 업체를 지칭한다. 집적 회로 등의 장치가 제조되는 공장이다. 반대 개념으로, 공장이 없이 파운드리에 위탁생산만을 하는 방식을 팹리스 생산이라고 한다. (ko) En halvledarfabrik är en fabrik där elektroniska komponenter som integrerade kretsar tillverkas. Det krävs många kostsamma maskiner för att driva en halvledarfabrik. Det uppskattas att en ny fabrik kan kosta över en miljard amerikanska dollar (USD) och kostnader runt 3–4 miljarder USD är inte ovanliga. TSMC investerade 9,3 miljarder USD i sin anläggning Fab15 i Taiwan, där 300 millimeters kiselplattor tillverkas. Den centrala delen av en halvledarfabrik är renrummet, ett område där miljön är strängt kontrollerad för att eliminiera allt damm, eftersom ett enda dammkorn kan förstöra en mikroelektronisk krets; sådana kretsar har detaljer som är mycket mindre än damm. Renrummet måste också stötdämpas för att reducera vibrationer och hållas inom snäva temperatur- och fuktighetsintervall. Temperatur- och fuktighetskontroll är avgörande för att minimera förekomsten av skadlig statisk elektricitet. Renrummet innehåller maskiner som utför mikrolitografi, etsning, rengöring, dopning och ituskärning. Alla dessa maskiner är extremt precisa och därför extremt kostsamma. Priserna för den mest vanligt förekommande utrustningen för behandlingen av 300 millimeters kiselplattor kan ligga från 700 000 USD upp till 4 000 000 USD, med. Somliga maskiner kan kosta hela 50 miljoner USD (t.ex. "steppers"). En typisk halvledarfabrik har flera hundra sådana maskiner. På grund av de höga kapitalkostnaderna formges och marknadsförs många integrerade kretsar av fabrikslösa halvledarproducenter som utkontrakterar tillverkningen till en fabrik. Mellan 1983 och ungefär 2007 fanns en svensk halvledarfabrik i Kista som byggts upp av RIFA och senare Ericsson Components. Den är numera nedlagd. (sv) Na industria micro-eletrónica uma unidade de fabricação de semicondutores é uma fábrica, onde os dispositivos, tais como circuitos integrados são fabricados. Uma empresa que opera uma fábrica de semicondutores com a finalidade de fabricar designs (desenhos ou projetos) de outras empresas, tais como companhias de semicondutores sem fábricas, é conhecido como uma fundição. Se uma fundição não produzir nenhum projecto seu é considerada uma fundição de semicondutores pura. Fábricas de semicondutores necessitam de muitos dispositivos caros para operarem. De acordo com estimativas, o custo de construção de uma nova fábrica é de mais de mil milhões de dólares, sendo comum valores de 3a4milmilho |
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| dbp:date | September 2020 (en) |
| dbp:float | right (en) |
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| dbp:part | the current state of the art (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ein Halbleiterwerk (englisch Fab, kurz für semiconductor fabrication plant), auch Halbleiter- oder Chipfabrik genannt, ist eine Fabrik, in der integrierte Schaltkreise (IC) für die Halbleiter- und Mikroelektronikindustrie produziert werden. (de) 파운드리(영어: fab 또는 foundry, semiconductor fabrication plant)란 반도체산업에서 외부 업체가 설계한 반도체 제품을 위탁받아 생산·공급하는, 공장을 가진 전문 생산 업체를 지칭한다. 집적 회로 등의 장치가 제조되는 공장이다. 반대 개념으로, 공장이 없이 파운드리에 위탁생산만을 하는 방식을 팹리스 생산이라고 한다. (ko) 半導體製造廠（英語：semiconductor fabrication plant，一般使用簡稱「fab」）是生產如集成電路等半導體器件的工廠。若一家半導體製造廠只代其他公司、機構生半導體器件帶而沒有自己的設計，這就是晶圓代工公司。相對地，一家半導體製造廠生產自己的設計就是整合元件製造廠。 半導體製造廠是先進工業的象徵，可以加工高度精密尺度的元件，因而需要使用大量的昂貴器材，一家新建的半導體製造廠需要的資金不下10億美元。 (zh) Una planta de fabricació de semiconductors (en anglès: semiconductor fabrication plant) o fab, és una fàbrica on es produeixen circuits integrats. Una empresa que opera una o diverses plantes de fabricació amb l'objectiu de fabricar els dissenys d'altres empreses, empreses fabless, es coneix en l'argot com a fosa (en anglès: foundry). (ca) Una planta de fabricación de semiconductores (en inglés: semiconductor fabrication plant) o fab, es una fábrica donde se producen circuitos integrados. Una empresa que opera una o varias plantas de fabricación con el objetivo de fabricar los diseños de otras empresas, empresas fabless, se conoce en el argot como fundición (en inglés: foundry). (es) In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant (commonly called a fab; sometimes foundry) is a factory where devices such as integrated circuits are manufactured. Fabs require many expensive devices to function. Estimates put the cost of building a new fab over one billion U.S. dollars with values as high as 3–4billionnotbeinguncommon.TSMCinvested3–4 billion not being uncommon. TSMC invested 3–4billionnotbeinguncommon.TSMCinvested9.3 billion in its Fab15 300 mm wafer manufacturing facility in Taiwan. The same company estimations suggest that their future fab might cost $20 billion. A foundry model emerged in the 1990s: Foundries that produced their own designs were known as integrated device manufacturers (IDMs). Companies that farmed out manufacturing of their designs to foundries were termed fabless semiconductor companies. Those foundries, (en) Na industria micro-eletrónica uma unidade de fabricação de semicondutores é uma fábrica, onde os dispositivos, tais como circuitos integrados são fabricados. Uma empresa que opera uma fábrica de semicondutores com a finalidade de fabricar designs (desenhos ou projetos) de outras empresas, tais como companhias de semicondutores sem fábricas, é conhecido como uma fundição. Se uma fundição não produzir nenhum projecto seu é considerada uma fundição de semicondutores pura. (pt) En halvledarfabrik är en fabrik där elektroniska komponenter som integrerade kretsar tillverkas. Det krävs många kostsamma maskiner för att driva en halvledarfabrik. Det uppskattas att en ny fabrik kan kosta över en miljard amerikanska dollar (USD) och kostnader runt 3–4 miljarder USD är inte ovanliga. TSMC investerade 9,3 miljarder USD i sin anläggning Fab15 i Taiwan, där 300 millimeters kiselplattor tillverkas. På grund av de höga kapitalkostnaderna formges och marknadsförs många integrerade kretsar av fabrikslösa halvledarproducenter som utkontrakterar tillverkningen till en fabrik. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Planta de fabricació de semiconductors (ca) Halbleiterwerk (de) Planta de fabricación de semiconductores (es) 파운드리 (ko) Semiconductor fabrication plant (en) Fábrica de semicondutores (pt) Halvledarfabrik (sv) 半導體製造廠 (zh) |
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