Escort fighter (original) (raw)
El caça d'escorta fou un concepte de la Segona Guerra Mundial per a un avió de caça dissenyat per escortar els bombarders durant el trajecte d'anada i tornada fins a llurs objectius. Es diferencia considerablement en disseny dels caces defensius d'altes prestacions i curt abast com l'Spitfire, els caces d'escorta sovint eren inferiors en un combat tancat o dogfight. El caça d'escorta ideal tenia llarg abast, un temps en combat de llarga durada per protegir els bombarders i força combustible intern per poder tornar a la base.
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| dbo:abstract | El caça d'escorta fou un concepte de la Segona Guerra Mundial per a un avió de caça dissenyat per escortar els bombarders durant el trajecte d'anada i tornada fins a llurs objectius. Es diferencia considerablement en disseny dels caces defensius d'altes prestacions i curt abast com l'Spitfire, els caces d'escorta sovint eren inferiors en un combat tancat o dogfight. El caça d'escorta ideal tenia llarg abast, un temps en combat de llarga durada per protegir els bombarders i força combustible intern per poder tornar a la base. (ca) Doprovodné stíhačky (anglicky escort fighter) jsou vojenská letadla, jejichž primárním úkolem je letět společně s vlastními bombardovacími letouny a chránit je. Např. P-51 Mustang, Lockheed P-38 Lightning a další. Již v meziválečném období byly některé stroje upravovány tak, aby mohly být nesené mateřským letounem, který měly ochraňovat; např. sovětské sestavy nazývané Zvěno (roj) nebo speciální americký poválečný letounek Goblin. V současné době[kdy?] se jako doprovodné stíhače používají víceúčelové stroje jako je F/A-18 Hornet. (cs) The escort fighter was a concept for a fighter aircraft designed to escort bombers to and from their targets. An escort fighter needed range long enough to reach the target, loiter over it for the duration of the raid to defend the bombers, and return. A number of twin-engined heavy fighters with high fuel capacity were designed for escort duties prior to the outbreak of World War II. Such heavy fighters largely failed in their intended escort role during the war, as they were commonly outmaneuvered by more agile single-engined fighters. As the war progressed, longer-range fighter designs and the use of drop tanks allowed single-engined fighters to perform escort duties. In the post-war era the introduction of jet engines and their inherent short range made escort fighters very difficult to build. The related concept of a penetration fighter emerged briefly in the 1950s and again in the 1960s, but did not result in any production aircraft. The escort role has been diminished as modern air combat doctrine places a heavy emphasis on the idea of air superiority, and its importance in the ability of an air force to carry out effective operations. Air superiority is defined as a situation in which an air force dominates an airspace to such a degree as to be able to carry out any operations with no interference from enemy air combatants. Fighting an opponent with air superiority in a given battlespace is much harder, as any offensive or defensive tactics are likely to be overwhelmed. (en) Le chasseur d'escorte est un concept d'avion de chasse de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, conçu pour protéger les bombardiers jusqu'à leurs objectifs. Le chasseur d'escorte est caractérisé par une distance franchissable importante, la possibilité de rester longuement sur les objectifs des bombardiers pour les protéger, et assez de carburant pour rentrer à sa base aérienne de départ. Il se distingue en cela de l'intercepteur, dont les caractéristiques essentielles sont la puissance et la vitesse ascensionnelle, pour se porter rapidement à la rencontre des bombardiers ennemis, ceci au détriment de l'autonomie. Afin de disposer d'une capacité en carburant suffisante, un certain nombre de chasseurs lourds bimoteurs ont été conçus pour des missions d'escorte au cours de la période précédant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Lors de la guerre, ces chasseurs lourds échouèrent largement dans leur rôle car ils étaient surclassés en combat tournoyant par les chasseurs monomoteurs ennemis, comme cela fut constaté durant la Bataille d'Angleterre. Au cours de la guerre, l'amélioration constante des performances des chasseurs ainsi que l'utilisation de réservoirs largables pour étendre leur rayon d'action, a permis aux chasseurs monomoteurs d'exercer les fonctions de chasseur d'escorte, comme le North American P-51 Mustang. On peut cependant noter que même ce dernier a donné lieu à une version bimoteur à long rayon d'action, le North American F-82 Twin Mustang. (fr) El caza de escolta fue un concepto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial para un avión de caza diseñado para escoltar a los bombarderos durante el trayecto de ida y vuelta hasta sus objetivos. Diferenciándose considerablemente en diseño de los cazas defensivos de altas prestaciones y corto alcance como el Supermarine Spitfire. El caza de escolta ideal tenía largo alcance, un tiempo en combate de larga duración para proteger a los bombarderos, y bastante combustible interno como para regresar a su base. (es) Il caccia di scorta è un concetto di aereo da combattimento della Seconda guerra mondiale, progettato per scortare bombardieri fino ai loro obiettivi. Un caccia di scorta deve avere un raggio d'azione sufficiente a raggiungere l'obiettivo, incrociare sopra di esso per la durata dell'incursione al fine di difendere i bombardieri, e fare ritorno. Alcuni caccia pesanti bimotore con alta capacità di serbatoio furono progettati per compiti di scorta prima della Seconda guerra mondiale. Questi caccia pesanti in larga misura non erano all'altezza del ruolo prefisso, perché surclassati in manovrabilità dai più agili caccia a motore singolo. Nel corso della guerra, progetti di caccia con maggiore autonomia e il ricorso a serbatoi sganciabili permisero ai caccia monomotore di coprire il ruolo di scorta. Nel dopoguerra l'avvento dell'esoreattore, intrinsecamente con minor autonomia, rese arduo realizzare caccia di scorta. Tra gli anni 1950 e i 1960 balenò il concetto del , ma non si passò dal piano dottrinale alla costruzione effettiva di velivoli. Finita la Seconda guerra mondiale, il ruolo del caccia di scorta andò svanendo, dato che la teoria moderna del combattimento aereo privilegia la nozione di supremazia aerea, connessa alla capacità di una forza aerea di svolgere azioni efficaci. La supremazia aerea implica precisamente la situazione in cui una forza aerea domina uno spazio aereo al punto di poter condurre qualunque operazione senza subire interferenze provocate dalla forza aerea ostile. Combattere un avversario che ha imposto la propria supremazia aerea in un dato spazio di combattimento è molto più difficile, dato che ogni tattica offensiva o difensiva verrà probabilmente soverchiata. (it) 护航战斗机是第二次世界大战以來，指專門設計來护送轟炸機的戰鬥機。护航战斗机需要足夠長的航程來確保能夠與被護航的轟炸機共同抵達目標、轟炸機完成任務後再護送其返航。 一些具高燃料籌載能力的双引擎在第二次世界大战被設計用來執行護航任務。 这种重型战斗机基本上未能在战争期间實現它们被预期的护航作用，它們與更灵活的单引擎战机纏鬥時通常處於劣勢。隨著战争的进展，使用副油箱的設計允许单引擎战机加長航程以执行护航任務。 在战后引入的喷气发动机和其固有的短航程導致護航戰鬥機體系非常难以建立。相关的概念短暫出现西元1950年代和1960年代，但没有生产任何相關的飞机。專用護航戰鬥機的重要性在第二次世界大戰結束後已經減弱，护航的任務在必要时改由現代化的執行。 (zh) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Bott4.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055601/http:/www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-090529-044.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20220115182308/https:/mumbaicuties.com/ https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/II/index.html https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=HVMrQx5dv3IC |
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| dbp:date | September 2021 (en) |
| dbp:reason | Who incurred the high loss rate here? (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Fighter_aircraft |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Concept |
| rdfs:comment | El caça d'escorta fou un concepte de la Segona Guerra Mundial per a un avió de caça dissenyat per escortar els bombarders durant el trajecte d'anada i tornada fins a llurs objectius. Es diferencia considerablement en disseny dels caces defensius d'altes prestacions i curt abast com l'Spitfire, els caces d'escorta sovint eren inferiors en un combat tancat o dogfight. El caça d'escorta ideal tenia llarg abast, un temps en combat de llarga durada per protegir els bombarders i força combustible intern per poder tornar a la base. (ca) Doprovodné stíhačky (anglicky escort fighter) jsou vojenská letadla, jejichž primárním úkolem je letět společně s vlastními bombardovacími letouny a chránit je. Např. P-51 Mustang, Lockheed P-38 Lightning a další. Již v meziválečném období byly některé stroje upravovány tak, aby mohly být nesené mateřským letounem, který měly ochraňovat; např. sovětské sestavy nazývané Zvěno (roj) nebo speciální americký poválečný letounek Goblin. V současné době[kdy?] se jako doprovodné stíhače používají víceúčelové stroje jako je F/A-18 Hornet. (cs) El caza de escolta fue un concepto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial para un avión de caza diseñado para escoltar a los bombarderos durante el trayecto de ida y vuelta hasta sus objetivos. Diferenciándose considerablemente en diseño de los cazas defensivos de altas prestaciones y corto alcance como el Supermarine Spitfire. El caza de escolta ideal tenía largo alcance, un tiempo en combate de larga duración para proteger a los bombarderos, y bastante combustible interno como para regresar a su base. (es) 护航战斗机是第二次世界大战以來，指專門設計來护送轟炸機的戰鬥機。护航战斗机需要足夠長的航程來確保能夠與被護航的轟炸機共同抵達目標、轟炸機完成任務後再護送其返航。 一些具高燃料籌載能力的双引擎在第二次世界大战被設計用來執行護航任務。 这种重型战斗机基本上未能在战争期间實現它们被预期的护航作用，它們與更灵活的单引擎战机纏鬥時通常處於劣勢。隨著战争的进展，使用副油箱的設計允许单引擎战机加長航程以执行护航任務。 在战后引入的喷气发动机和其固有的短航程導致護航戰鬥機體系非常难以建立。相关的概念短暫出现西元1950年代和1960年代，但没有生产任何相關的飞机。專用護航戰鬥機的重要性在第二次世界大戰結束後已經減弱，护航的任務在必要时改由現代化的執行。 (zh) The escort fighter was a concept for a fighter aircraft designed to escort bombers to and from their targets. An escort fighter needed range long enough to reach the target, loiter over it for the duration of the raid to defend the bombers, and return. (en) Il caccia di scorta è un concetto di aereo da combattimento della Seconda guerra mondiale, progettato per scortare bombardieri fino ai loro obiettivi. Un caccia di scorta deve avere un raggio d'azione sufficiente a raggiungere l'obiettivo, incrociare sopra di esso per la durata dell'incursione al fine di difendere i bombardieri, e fare ritorno. (it) Le chasseur d'escorte est un concept d'avion de chasse de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, conçu pour protéger les bombardiers jusqu'à leurs objectifs. Le chasseur d'escorte est caractérisé par une distance franchissable importante, la possibilité de rester longuement sur les objectifs des bombardiers pour les protéger, et assez de carburant pour rentrer à sa base aérienne de départ. Il se distingue en cela de l'intercepteur, dont les caractéristiques essentielles sont la puissance et la vitesse ascensionnelle, pour se porter rapidement à la rencontre des bombardiers ennemis, ceci au détriment de l'autonomie. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Escort fighter (en) Caça d'escorta (ca) Doprovodný stíhač (cs) Caza de escolta (es) Caccia di scorta (it) Chasseur d'escorte (fr) 護航戰鬥機 (zh) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Escort fighter wikidata:Escort fighter dbpedia-ca:Escort fighter dbpedia-cs:Escort fighter dbpedia-es:Escort fighter dbpedia-fa:Escort fighter dbpedia-fi:Escort fighter dbpedia-fr:Escort fighter dbpedia-it:Escort fighter http://lt.dbpedia.org/resource/Eskortinis_naikintuvas dbpedia-sl:Escort fighter dbpedia-zh:Escort fighter https://global.dbpedia.org/id/2k6wp |
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