| dbo:abstract |
The first plague pandemic was the first historically recorded Old World pandemic of plague, the contagious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Also called the early medieval pandemic, it began with the Plague of Justinian in 541 and continued until 750 or 767; at least fifteen or eighteen major waves of plague following the Justinianic plague have been identified from historical records. The pandemic affected the Mediterranean Basin most severely and most frequently, but also infected the Near East and Northern Europe, and potentially East Asia as well. The Roman emperor Justinian I's name is sometimes applied to the whole series of plague epidemics in late Antiquity, as well as to the Plague of Justinian which struck the Eastern Roman Empire in the early 540s. The pandemic is best known from its first and last outbreaks: the Justinianic Plague of 541–549, described by the contemporary Roman historian Procopius, and the late 8th century plague of Naples described by Neapolitan historian John the Deacon in the following century (distinct from the much later Naples Plague). Other accounts from contemporaries of the pandemic are included in the texts of Evagrius Scholasticus, John of Ephesus, Gregory of Tours, Paul the Deacon, and Theophanes the Confessor; most seem to have believed plague was a divine punishment for human misdeeds. (en) 第一次鼠疫大流行（英文：First Plague Pandemic），也称中世纪前期瘟疫（Early Medieval Pandemic），是旧大陆的第一次鼠疫大流行，由鼠疫杆菌致病。541年，查士丁尼大瘟疫成为此次大流行的开端，直至750年或767年才结束。查士丁尼大瘟疫共造成1500万-1亿人死亡（约25%-60%欧洲人口）。此后，有记录的还有15-18波主要疫情。 第一次鼠疫大流行主要影响了地中海盆地的国家，但也感染了近东和北欧的部分地区。罗马帝国皇帝查士丁尼一世的名字时常被作为古典时代晚期疫情的统称，也包括最早的“查士丁尼大瘟疫”。 (zh) |
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第一次鼠疫大流行（英文：First Plague Pandemic），也称中世纪前期瘟疫（Early Medieval Pandemic），是旧大陆的第一次鼠疫大流行，由鼠疫杆菌致病。541年，查士丁尼大瘟疫成为此次大流行的开端，直至750年或767年才结束。查士丁尼大瘟疫共造成1500万-1亿人死亡（约25%-60%欧洲人口）。此后，有记录的还有15-18波主要疫情。 第一次鼠疫大流行主要影响了地中海盆地的国家，但也感染了近东和北欧的部分地区。罗马帝国皇帝查士丁尼一世的名字时常被作为古典时代晚期疫情的统称，也包括最早的“查士丁尼大瘟疫”。 (zh) The first plague pandemic was the first historically recorded Old World pandemic of plague, the contagious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Also called the early medieval pandemic, it began with the Plague of Justinian in 541 and continued until 750 or 767; at least fifteen or eighteen major waves of plague following the Justinianic plague have been identified from historical records. The pandemic affected the Mediterranean Basin most severely and most frequently, but also infected the Near East and Northern Europe, and potentially East Asia as well. The Roman emperor Justinian I's name is sometimes applied to the whole series of plague epidemics in late Antiquity, as well as to the Plague of Justinian which struck the Eastern Roman Empire in the early 540s. (en) |
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First plague pandemic (en) 第一次鼠疫大流行 (zh) |
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