| dbo:abstract |
Henry Dundas, 1. vikomt Melville (Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, 1st Baron Duniry) (28. dubna 1742, Edinburgh, Skotsko – 28. května 1811, Edinburgh, Skotsko) byl britský státník a právník. Od mládí zastával vysoké funkce v justiční správě v rodném Skotsku, kde jako vlivná osobnost získal přezdívku Jindřich IX., nekorunovaný skotský král. Patřil k přátelům premiéra W. Pitta a v jeho vládách vykonával řadu let ministerské funkce. V roce 1802 byl povýšen na vikomta a stal se členem Sněmovny lordů. Z doby jeho dlouhodobého působení ve správě námořnictva pocházejí pojmenování v britských koloniích na jeho počest (město Dundas v Kanadě). Jeho syn Robert Dundas, 2. vikomt Melville byl také politikem a dlouholetým ministrem námořnictva. (cs) Henry Dundas, 1. Viscount Melville (* 28. April 1742 in Dalkeith (Midlothian); † 28. Mai 1811 in Edinburgh) war ein schottischer Staatsmann und Anwalt. Henry Dundas war ein britischer Jurist und Politiker schottischer Herkunft mit langjährigem überragenden Einfluss auf die britische, speziell die schottische Geschichte, so dass er bisweilen als der „ungekrönte König“ von Schottland oder „Heinrich IX.“ bezeichnet wurde. (de) Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, PC, FRSE (28 April 1742 – 28 May 1811), styled as Lord Melville from 1802, was the trusted lieutenant of British Prime Minister William Pitt and the most powerful politician in Scotland in the late 18th century. Dundas was instrumental in the encouragement of the Scottish Enlightenment, in the prosecution of the war against France, and in the expansion of British influence in India. Prime Minister Pitt appointed him Lord of Trade (1784–1786), Home Secretary (1791–1794), President of the Board of Control for Indian Affairs (1793–1801), Secretary at War (1794–1801) and First Lord of the Admiralty (1804–1805). His deft and almost total control of Scottish politics during a long period in which no monarch visited the country led to him being nicknamed "King Harry the Ninth", the "Grand Manager of Scotland" (a play on the masonic office of Grand Master of Scotland), the "Great Tyrant" and "The Uncrowned King of Scotland". He was, however, a controversial figure, as he proposed a gradual abolition of the British transatlantic slave trade over eight years at a time when the leaders of the abolitionist movement sought an immediate end to the slave trade and the West Indian interests opposed any abolition at all. (en) Henry Dundas, 1er vicomte Melville (28 avril 1742, Dalkeith (Midlothian) – 28 mai 1811, Édimbourg) est un homme de loi et un homme politique écossais. (fr) Henry Dundas, 1e burggraaf van Melville PC en baron Dunira (Dalkeith, 28 april 1742 - Edinburgh, 28 mei 1811) was een Brits advocaat en politicus. Hij was de eerste minister van Oorlog en de laatste minister die in het Verenigd Koninkrijk werd afgezet. (nl) Henry Dundas, Primo Visconte Melville (28 aprile 1742 – 28 maggio 1811) è stato un giurista e politico scozzese.Fu inoltre l'ultima persona ad essere messa sotto stato di impeachment in Gran Bretagna. Monumento a Melville, Edimburgo Era il quarto figlio di Robert Dundas il Vecchio, lord Arniston (1685-1753), e nacque a Dalkeith. Frequentò la di Edinburgh, e l'Università di Edimburgo. (it) Henry Dundas, 1. wicehrabia Melville (ur. 28 kwietnia 1742 w Dalkeith, zm. 28 maja 1811 w Edynburgu) – brytyjski prawnik i polityk szkockiego pochodzenia, najbardziej wpływowy szkocki polityk drugiej połowy XVIII w. Ostatni brytyjski polityk sądzony w trybie impeachment. Wywodził się z rodziny prawniczej związanej politycznie ze stronnictwem wigów. Był czwartym synem . Wykształcenie odebrał w Royal High School w Edynburgu oraz na tamtejszym uniwersytecie. W 1763 r. został członkiem Stowarzyszenia Adwokatów. W 1766 r. został Radcą Generalnym Szkocji. Po uzyskaniu w 1775 r. stanowiska Lorda Adwokata (najwyższe stanowisko w szkockim wymiarze sprawiedliwości), poświęcił się karierze politycznej. Jeszcze w 1774 r. został wybrany do brytyjskiej Izby Gmin z okręgu Midlothian. Od tego czasu mieszkał przede wszystkim w Londynie. Mimo to zyskał sobie uznanie Szkotów, m.in. tym, że nie krępował się mówić po szkocku, nawet podczas obrad parlamentu. W 1782 r. zmienił okręg wyborczy na Newtown, ale szybko powrócił do Midlothian. Od 1790 r. reprezentował okręg wyborczy Edinburgh. Urząd Lorda Adwokata sprawował do 1783 r. W latach 1782–1783 i 1784–1800 był skarbnikiem floty. W 1791 r. otrzymał stanowisko ministra spraw zagranicznych, a w 1794 r. został pierwszym ministrem wojny. W latach 1793–1801 był także przewodniczącym Rady Kontroli. Był politykiem pragmatycznym. Na ogół współpracował z wigami, ale z biegiem czasu zbliżył się do stronnictwa torysów. Uważany był za prawą rękę premiera Williama Pitta Młodszego i wraz z nim opuścił gabinet w 1801 r. Dundas był w tym okresie najbardziej wpływową osobą w Szkocji i faktycznym „zarządcą” kraju. Był bardzo popularny wśród Szkotów, zainicjował wiele ważnych dla tego kraju ustaw. Dzięki jego staraniom w latach 80. parlament zniósł kary nałożone na szkockiego Wyżyny po powstaniu 1745 roku. Równocześnie Dundas odpowiadał za procesy przeciwko jakobinom po wybuchu rewolucji francuskiej. W 1799 r. sprzeciwił się także zniesienia przeszkód prawnych dla działalności Kościoła katolickiego. Dundas osobiście przeglądał listy kandydatów do parlamentu w szkockich okręgach wyborczych i zabiegał, aby wygrywali jego stronnicy. Politykę tę nazwano despotyzmem Dundasa, a on sam otrzymał przydomek Henryka IX. Stronników zjednywał sobie, m.in. poprzez rozdawanie stanowisk (np. obsadził Szkotami stanowiska w administracji indyjskiej, kiedy stał na czele Rady Kontroli). Od 1800 r. był lordem strażnikiem Tajnej Pieczęci Szkocji. W 1802 r. otrzymał tytuły wicehrabiego Melville i barona Dunira, i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. Kiedy Pitt powrócił do władzy w 1804 r. powierzył Melville'owi stanowisko pierwszego lorda Admiralicji. Tymczasem przeciwko Melville'owi wysunięto zarzuty defraudacji publicznych pieniędzy, kiedy ten zarządzał finansami Admiralicji. Powołana w 1802 r. komisja śledcza zakończyła swoje prace w 1805 r. Rezultatem jej działalności było oskarżenie Melville’a w trybie impeachmentu. Wniosek deputowanego został przyjęty przez Izbę Gmin większością jednego głosu. Rozpoczął się proces przed Izbą Lordów, ale w 1806 r. Melville został oczyszczony z zarzutów. Jego kariera polityczna dobiegła jednak końca. W 1809 r. zaoferowano mu tytuł hrabiowski, ale Melville odmówił. Zmarł w 1811 r. Tytuł parowski odziedziczył jego syn, Robert. (pl) Henry Dundas, 1:e viscount Melville, född den 28 april 1742 i Edinburgh, död den 28 maj 1811, var en skotsk statsman, son till , far till Robert Dundas, 2:e viscount Melville. Dundas blev 1766 och 1775 för Skottland och invaldes 1774 i underhuset, vilket han tillhörde till 1802, då han upphöjdes till peer med titeln viscount Melville och baron Dunira. Som medlem av lord Norths, Rockinghams, Shelburnes och Pitts ministärer blev Dundas den mäktigaste mannen i Skottland genom sitt inflytande på ämbetstillsättningarna och medelbart på parlamentsvalen. Lordadvokatsysslan innehade han till 1783, året förut hade han blivit skattmästare för flottan, och hans förtrogne vän, William Pitt den yngre, gjorde honom 1791 till inrikesminister, 1794 till krigsminister och (vid sidan därav) 1800 till sigillbevarare för Skottland. Som krigsminister planerade Dundas 1801 expeditionen till Egypten. Han var därjämte 1784-93 medlem i och 1793-1801 president för den av Pitt nyskapade kontrollkommissionen (Board of control) för indiska angelägenheter och inlade i dessa befattningar stor förtjänst om det brittisk-ostindiska väldets förvaltning. Bland annat verkade han för George Macartneys ambassad till Kina 1793. Med Pitt avgick Dundas 1801, men blev 1804 i dennes nya ministär förste amiralitetslord (sjöminister). Hans sjuåriga förvaltning av flottans finanser (1783-90) underkastades emellertid 1805 en skarp granskning, vilken ledde till Dundas nödtvungna avskedstagande från alla sina ämbeten samma år och hans inställande (genom impeachment) inför lordernas domstol. Visserligen frikändes han av överhuset i juni 1806, i ett par punkter dock med svag majoritet, men hans vårdslösa handhavande av allmänna medel hade under rättegången tillräckligt brännmärkts för att för framtiden göra honom omöjlig i det politiska livet. 1807 återinsattes han emellertid i Privy council. (sv) Гéнри Дáндас, 1-й виконт Мéлвилл (англ. Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville; 28 апреля 1742 — 28 мая 1811) — британский государственный и политический деятель шотландского происхождения, юрист, Первый лорд Адмиралтейства (1804—1805). Занимал посты лорда-адвоката (1775—1783), секретаря департамента внутренних дел (1791—1794), председателя Контрольного совета (1793—1801) и секретаря по вопросам войны (1794—1801) в нескольких правительствах Великобритании. Был ярым противником отмены работорговли. За влияние, которым он пользовался на территории северных владений Короны, современники называли его «некоронованным королём Шотландии» и «Великим тираном», «шотландским фаросом». Сам Виконт, будучи довольно известным и за пределами Шотландии, хвастался, что он может отозвать тридцать девять из сорока пяти шотландских представителей Палаты Общин. Дандас был последним британским политиком, против которого было возбуждено дело по должностному преступлению (импичмент), но в ходе разбирательства он был полностью оправдан. Деятель ультраконсервативного толка и представитель буржуазно-аристократической контрреволюции, которому было поручено в 1790-х годах подавление беспорядков на территории Великобритании, Дандас вызывал ненависть у самых прогрессивных и образованных представителей британского общества, поскольку являлся твёрдой опорой крайне реакционного кабинета У. Питта Младшего: именно те шотландские голоса, речь о которых выше, обеспечивали правительство Питта надёжным большинством в парламенте. Организовал ряд экспедиций с целью свержения революционно-демократического правительства Франции, однако все попытки организовать конттреволюционные выступления не увенчались успехом в силу некомпетентности Дандаса. (ru) Генрі Дандас, 1-й віконт Мелвілл (28 квітня 1742, Далкіт (Мідлотіан) — 28 травня 1811, Единбург) — шотландський державний діяч і юрист. Генрі Дандас був британським юристом і політиком шотландського походження з тривалим і визначним впливом на британську, зокрема шотландську, історію, аж до того, що його іноді називали «некоронованим королем» Шотландії або «Генріхом IX». (uk) |
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Henry Dundas, 1. vikomt Melville (Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, 1st Baron Duniry) (28. dubna 1742, Edinburgh, Skotsko – 28. května 1811, Edinburgh, Skotsko) byl britský státník a právník. Od mládí zastával vysoké funkce v justiční správě v rodném Skotsku, kde jako vlivná osobnost získal přezdívku Jindřich IX., nekorunovaný skotský král. Patřil k přátelům premiéra W. Pitta a v jeho vládách vykonával řadu let ministerské funkce. V roce 1802 byl povýšen na vikomta a stal se členem Sněmovny lordů. Z doby jeho dlouhodobého působení ve správě námořnictva pocházejí pojmenování v britských koloniích na jeho počest (město Dundas v Kanadě). Jeho syn Robert Dundas, 2. vikomt Melville byl také politikem a dlouholetým ministrem námořnictva. (cs) Henry Dundas, 1. Viscount Melville (* 28. April 1742 in Dalkeith (Midlothian); † 28. Mai 1811 in Edinburgh) war ein schottischer Staatsmann und Anwalt. Henry Dundas war ein britischer Jurist und Politiker schottischer Herkunft mit langjährigem überragenden Einfluss auf die britische, speziell die schottische Geschichte, so dass er bisweilen als der „ungekrönte König“ von Schottland oder „Heinrich IX.“ bezeichnet wurde. (de) Henry Dundas, 1er vicomte Melville (28 avril 1742, Dalkeith (Midlothian) – 28 mai 1811, Édimbourg) est un homme de loi et un homme politique écossais. (fr) Henry Dundas, 1e burggraaf van Melville PC en baron Dunira (Dalkeith, 28 april 1742 - Edinburgh, 28 mei 1811) was een Brits advocaat en politicus. Hij was de eerste minister van Oorlog en de laatste minister die in het Verenigd Koninkrijk werd afgezet. (nl) Henry Dundas, Primo Visconte Melville (28 aprile 1742 – 28 maggio 1811) è stato un giurista e politico scozzese.Fu inoltre l'ultima persona ad essere messa sotto stato di impeachment in Gran Bretagna. Monumento a Melville, Edimburgo Era il quarto figlio di Robert Dundas il Vecchio, lord Arniston (1685-1753), e nacque a Dalkeith. Frequentò la di Edinburgh, e l'Università di Edimburgo. (it) Генрі Дандас, 1-й віконт Мелвілл (28 квітня 1742, Далкіт (Мідлотіан) — 28 травня 1811, Единбург) — шотландський державний діяч і юрист. Генрі Дандас був британським юристом і політиком шотландського походження з тривалим і визначним впливом на британську, зокрема шотландську, історію, аж до того, що його іноді називали «некоронованим королем» Шотландії або «Генріхом IX». (uk) Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, PC, FRSE (28 April 1742 – 28 May 1811), styled as Lord Melville from 1802, was the trusted lieutenant of British Prime Minister William Pitt and the most powerful politician in Scotland in the late 18th century. (en) Henry Dundas, 1. wicehrabia Melville (ur. 28 kwietnia 1742 w Dalkeith, zm. 28 maja 1811 w Edynburgu) – brytyjski prawnik i polityk szkockiego pochodzenia, najbardziej wpływowy szkocki polityk drugiej połowy XVIII w. Ostatni brytyjski polityk sądzony w trybie impeachment. Wywodził się z rodziny prawniczej związanej politycznie ze stronnictwem wigów. Był czwartym synem . Wykształcenie odebrał w Royal High School w Edynburgu oraz na tamtejszym uniwersytecie. W 1763 r. został członkiem Stowarzyszenia Adwokatów. W 1766 r. został Radcą Generalnym Szkocji. (pl) Henry Dundas, 1:e viscount Melville, född den 28 april 1742 i Edinburgh, död den 28 maj 1811, var en skotsk statsman, son till , far till Robert Dundas, 2:e viscount Melville. Dundas blev 1766 och 1775 för Skottland och invaldes 1774 i underhuset, vilket han tillhörde till 1802, då han upphöjdes till peer med titeln viscount Melville och baron Dunira. Som medlem av lord Norths, Rockinghams, Shelburnes och Pitts ministärer blev Dundas den mäktigaste mannen i Skottland genom sitt inflytande på ämbetstillsättningarna och medelbart på parlamentsvalen. (sv) Гéнри Дáндас, 1-й виконт Мéлвилл (англ. Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville; 28 апреля 1742 — 28 мая 1811) — британский государственный и политический деятель шотландского происхождения, юрист, Первый лорд Адмиралтейства (1804—1805). Занимал посты лорда-адвоката (1775—1783), секретаря департамента внутренних дел (1791—1794), председателя Контрольного совета (1793—1801) и секретаря по вопросам войны (1794—1801) в нескольких правительствах Великобритании. Был ярым противником отмены работорговли. (ru) |
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| is dbp:after of |
dbr:Thomas_Hay,_9th_Earl_of_Kinnoull dbr:William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville dbr:James_Maitland,_7th_Earl_of_Lauderdale dbr:Charles_Townshend,_1st_Baron_Bayning dbr:Edward_Meux_Worsley dbr:Isaac_Barré dbr:James_Stuart-Mackenzie dbr:John_Jervis,_1st_Earl_of_St_Vincent |
| is dbp:before of |
dbr:Robert_Dundas,_2nd_Viscount_Melville dbr:Robert_Dundas_of_Arniston dbr:Robert_Hobart,_4th_Earl_of_Buckinghamshire dbr:George_Legge,_3rd_Earl_of_Dartmouth dbr:William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland dbr:Dudley_Ryder,_1st_Earl_of_Harrowby dbr:Charles_Townshend,_1st_Baron_Bayning dbr:Charles_Middleton,_1st_Baron_Barham |
| is dbp:children of |
dbr:Robert_Dundas_of_Arniston,_the_Elder |
| is dbp:dedicatedTo of |
dbr:Melville_Monument |
| is dbp:etymology of |
dbr:Dundas_Strait |
| is dbp:introducedBy of |
dbr:South_Bridge_Act_1785 |
| is dbp:minister of |
dbr:First_Pitt_ministry dbr:Second_Pitt_ministry |
| is dbp:namesake of |
dbr:Division_of_Dundas |
| is dbp:predecessor of |
dbr:George_Legge,_3rd_Earl_of_Dartmouth dbr:William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland dbr:Edmund_Burke dbr:Henry_Erskine_(lawyer) dbr:Charles_Hope,_Lord_Granton |
| is dbp:shipNamesake of |
dbr:Henry_Dundas_(1786_EIC_ship) dbr:Henry_Dundas_(1793_ship) |
| is dbp:spouse of |
dbr:Elizabeth_Rannie |
| is dbp:successor of |
dbr:Isaac_Barré dbr:James_Stuart-Mackenzie |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Henry_Dundas,_1st_Viscount_Melville |
