Homosexuality in India (original) (raw)

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Homosexualität ist in Indien gesellschaftlich stark tabuisiert. In den letzten Jahren hat sich das gesellschaftliche Klima allerdings insbesondere in den indischen Großstädten und vor allem durch Bollywood in zunehmendem Maße liberalisiert. Das seit der britischen Kolonialzeit geltende Verbot homosexueller Handlungen wurde am 6. September 2018 durch das Oberste Gericht Indiens aufgehoben. (de)
Homosexuality in India has been a subject of discussion from ancient times to modern times. Hindu texts have taken various positions regarding homosexual characters and themes. The ancient Indian text Kamasutra written by Vātsyāyana dedicates a complete chapter on erotic homosexual behaviour. Historical literary evidence indicates that homosexuality has been prevalent across the Indian subcontinent throughout history, and that homosexuals were not necessarily considered inferior in any way until about 18th century during British colonial rule. However, previously under the Islamic law of Fatawa-e-Alamgiri, the Mughal Empire mandated a common set of punishments for homosexuality, which could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim. On 6 September 2018, a 5-judge constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India invalidated part of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, hence making homosexuality legal in India. In striking down the colonial-era law that made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison, one judge said the landmark decision would "pave the way for a better future." This ruling also applied to Jammu and Kashmir state under Article 141 of the Constitution of India and Delhi Agreement 1952, as section 377 of IPC and Ranbir Penal Code is prima materia and Judicial Pronouncements were extended to Jammu and Kashmir. There are no official demographics for the LGBT population in India, but the government of India submitted figures to the Supreme Court in 2012, according to which, there were about 2.5 million gay people recorded in India. These figures are only based on those individuals who have self-declared to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. There may be much higher statistics for individuals who have concealed their identity, since a number of LGBTQ Indians are living in the closet due to fear of discrimination. Homophobia is prevalent in India. Public discussion of homosexuality in India has been inhibited by the fact that sexuality in any form is rarely discussed openly. In recent years, however, attitudes towards homosexuality have shifted slightly. In particular, there have been more depictions and discussions of homosexuality in the Indian media and cinema. Before striking down the colonial-era law several organisations have expressed support for decriminalising homosexuality in India, and pushed for tolerance and social equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer people, and others with marginalised identities traditional to India. India is among countries with a social element of a third gender. Mental, physical, emotional and economic violence against the LGBT community in India continues to be a problem. Lacking support from family, society or police, many gay rape victims do not report the crimes. Multinational research firm Ipsos released report on LGBT+ Pride 2021 Global Survey conducted between April 23 and May 7, 2021. The survey was conducted as a 27 market survey conducted by Ipsos on its global advisor platform through interview on a sample of 500 individuals in India. The report shows that 3% of the Indian Population identify as homosexual (Including Gay and Lesbian), 9% identify as bisexual, 1% identify as pansexual and 2% identify as asexual. Totally, 17% identify as not heterosexual (excluding 'do not know', and 'prefer not to answer'). (en)
Les droits des lesbiennes, gays, bisexuels et transgenres (LGBT) en Inde ont évolué ces dernières années. Cependant, les citoyens LGBT indiens sont confrontés à certaines difficultés sociales et juridiques que ne connaissent pas les personnes non LGBT. Le pays a abrogé ses lois de l'ère coloniale, qui discriminaient directement les identités homosexuelles et transgenres et ont également réinterprété l'article 15 de la Constitution pour interdire la discrimination sur la base de l'orientation sexuelle et de l'identité de genre. Mais de nombreuses protections juridiques n'existent pas, par exemple le mariage homosexuel. Les personnes transgenres sont autorisées à changer de sexe après une chirurgie de réassignation sexuelle en vertu de la , et ont le droit constitutionnel de s'inscrire sous un troisième sexe. En outre, certains États protègent les hijras, une population traditionnelle du troisième sexe en Asie du Sud, par le biais de programmes de logements, et offrent des prestations sociales, des régimes de retraite, des[Quoi ?] dans les hôpitaux publics ainsi que d'autres programmes conçus pour les soutenir. Il y a environ [pas clair] personnes transgenres en Inde. En 2018, dans la décision historique , la Cour suprême de l'Inde dépénalise les rapports homosexuels consensuels en réécrivant l'article 377 du code pénal indien, qui excluait jusque là les relations homosexuelles consensuelles entre adultes. Malgré de forts mouvements politiques en faveur des droits des LGBT, il reste une quantité importante d'homophobie parmi la population indienne, avec environ un Indien sur quatre s'opposant aux relations homosexuelles selon un sondage d'opinion[Lequel ?]. Ipsos a publié un rapport à la suite de son enquête mondiale LGBT+ Pride 2021, menée entre le 23 avril et le 7 mai 2021. Les résultats montrent que 2 % de la population indienne s'identifie comme autre qu'homme ou femme, notamment transgenre, non-binaire, non conforme ou encore gender-fluid. En ce qui concerne l'orientation sexuelle, le rapport montre que 3 % de la population indienne s'identifie comme homosexuelle (gays et lesbiennes), 9 % bisexuelle, 1 % pansexuelle et 2 % asexuelle. Au total, 17 % s'identifient comme n'étant pas hétérosexuelle (à l'exception de « ne sait pas » et « préfère ne pas répondre »). (fr)

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Homosexuality in India (en)
Homosexualität in Indien (de)
Homosexualité en Inde (fr)

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