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جيمس فارمر (بالإنجليزية: James L. Farmer, Jr.)‏ هو سياسي أمريكي، ولد في 12 يناير 1920 في مارشال في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 9 يوليو 1999 في فريدريكسبيورغ في الولايات المتحدة بسبب السكري. حزبياً، نشط في الحزب الليبرالي لنيويورك.

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dbo:abstract جيمس فارمر (بالإنجليزية: James L. Farmer, Jr.)‏ هو سياسي أمريكي، ولد في 12 يناير 1920 في مارشال في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 9 يوليو 1999 في فريدريكسبيورغ في الولايات المتحدة بسبب السكري. حزبياً، نشط في الحزب الليبرالي لنيويورك. (ar) James Leonard Farmer Jr. (January 12, 1920 – July 9, 1999) was an American civil rights activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement "who pushed for nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation, and served alongside Martin Luther King Jr." He was the initiator and organizer of the first Freedom Ride in 1961, which eventually led to the desegregation of interstate transportation in the United States. In 1942, Farmer co-founded the Committee of Racial Equality in Chicago along with George Houser, James R. Robinson, Samuel E. Riley, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinn. It was later called the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and was dedicated to ending racial segregation in the United States through nonviolence. Farmer served as the national chairman from 1942 to 1944. By the 1960s, Farmer was known as "one of the Big Four civil rights leaders in the 1960s, together with King, NAACP chief Roy Wilkins and Urban League head Whitney Young." (en) James Leonard Farmer Jr. (Marshall, 12 de enero de 1920 - Fredericksburg, 9 de julio de 1999) fue un activista estadounidense.​ (es) James Leonard Farmer, Jr., né le 12 janvier 1920 à Marshall et mort le 9 juillet 1999 à Fredericksburg, est un militant politique du mouvement américain pour les droits civiques et un théoricien de l'action non violente. Il est l'un des cofondateurs du Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) en 1942 et l'initiateur de la Freedom Ride de 1961. (fr) James Leonard Farmer Junior (Marshall, 12 gennaio 1920 – Fredericksburg, 9 luglio 1999) è stato un politico e attivista statunitense, difensore dei diritti civili degli afroamericani. (it) James Leonard Farmer junior (ur. 12 stycznia 1920 w Marshall, zm. 9 lipca 1999 we Fredericksburgu w Wirginii) – amerykański działacz praw człowieka, jeden z czterech przywódców amerykańskiego ruchu obrońców Afroamerykanów w latach 50. i 60. XX wieku (obok , Martina Luthera Kinga i ). W 1942 był jednym z założycieli Committee of Racial Equality (CORE), organizacji walczącej o zniesienie segregacji rasowej w Ameryce bez stosowania przemocy. Inicjował wiele działań, które miały na celu zwrócenie uwagi mediów i ludności Ameryki na prawa Afroamerykanów. W 1966 został wykładowcą Lincoln University, zaś w 1968 otrzymał od prezydenta Richarda Nixona szereg zadań w sektorze ochrony zdrowia i oświaty. Po wycofaniu się z polityki w 1975 założył Fund for an Open Society, licząc na większą integrację społeczeństwa amerykańskiego. W 1985 opublikował autobiografię pt. Lay Bare the Heart, zaś od 1984 do 1998 zajmował się nauczaniem. Od prezydenta Billa Clintona otrzymał Presidential Medal of Freedom. Zmarł z powodu powikłań wywołanych cukrzycą. Był synem Jamesa L. Farmera seniora, profesora Wiley College, autora esejów, teologa i pierwszego Afroamerykanina z Teksasu, który uzyskał doktorat (Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego). W filmie (The Great Debaters, 2007, reż. Denzel Washington) w rolę Farmerów wcielili się Forest Whitaker (senior) i Denzel Whitaker (junior). (pl)
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dbp:birthName James Leonard Farmer Jr. (en)
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dbp:caption Farmer in 1964 (en)
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dbp:name OPEN MIND Special: Race Relations in Crisis 6/12/63 – 11/13/92 (en)
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dbp:video “Interview with James Farmer” conducted in 1985 for the Eyes on the Prize documentary in which he discusses his work in the Congress of Racial Equality , the sit-ins, the Freedom Rides, and debates within the movement over the commitment to non-violence. (en)
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rdfs:comment جيمس فارمر (بالإنجليزية: James L. Farmer, Jr.)‏ هو سياسي أمريكي، ولد في 12 يناير 1920 في مارشال في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 9 يوليو 1999 في فريدريكسبيورغ في الولايات المتحدة بسبب السكري. حزبياً، نشط في الحزب الليبرالي لنيويورك. (ar) James Leonard Farmer Jr. (Marshall, 12 de enero de 1920 - Fredericksburg, 9 de julio de 1999) fue un activista estadounidense.​ (es) James Leonard Farmer, Jr., né le 12 janvier 1920 à Marshall et mort le 9 juillet 1999 à Fredericksburg, est un militant politique du mouvement américain pour les droits civiques et un théoricien de l'action non violente. Il est l'un des cofondateurs du Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) en 1942 et l'initiateur de la Freedom Ride de 1961. (fr) James Leonard Farmer Junior (Marshall, 12 gennaio 1920 – Fredericksburg, 9 luglio 1999) è stato un politico e attivista statunitense, difensore dei diritti civili degli afroamericani. (it) James Leonard Farmer Jr. (January 12, 1920 – July 9, 1999) was an American civil rights activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement "who pushed for nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation, and served alongside Martin Luther King Jr." He was the initiator and organizer of the first Freedom Ride in 1961, which eventually led to the desegregation of interstate transportation in the United States. By the 1960s, Farmer was known as "one of the Big Four civil rights leaders in the 1960s, together with King, NAACP chief Roy Wilkins and Urban League head Whitney Young." (en) James Leonard Farmer junior (ur. 12 stycznia 1920 w Marshall, zm. 9 lipca 1999 we Fredericksburgu w Wirginii) – amerykański działacz praw człowieka, jeden z czterech przywódców amerykańskiego ruchu obrońców Afroamerykanów w latach 50. i 60. XX wieku (obok , Martina Luthera Kinga i ). (pl)
rdfs:label جيمس فارمر (سياسي) (ar) James Farmer (es) James L. Farmer, Jr. (fr) James Farmer (en) James Farmer (it) James Farmer (pl)
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