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Le discours sur les droits civiques (en anglais : Civil Rights Address ou Report to the American People on Civil Rights ), est un discours prononcé le 11 juin 1963 par le 35e président des États-Unis John Fitzgerald Kennedy depuis le Bureau ovale afin de proposer le Civil Rights Act de 1964. Le discours transforme les droits civils d'un problème juridique en moral : « Nous sommes, à la fois en tant que pays et en tant que peuple, face à une crise des valeurs morales ». Kennedy y explique les dimensions économiques, éducatives et morales de la ségrégation raciale. * Portail de la politique aux États-Unis * Portail des années 1960 * Portail des Afro-Américains * Portail des droits de l’homme (fr) The Report to the American People on Civil Rights was a speech on civil rights, delivered on radio and television by United States President John F. Kennedy from the Oval Office on June 11, 1963 in which he proposed legislation that would later become the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Expressing civil rights as a moral issue, Kennedy moved past his previous appeals to legality and asserted that the pursuit of racial equality was a just cause. The address signified a shift in his administration's policy towards strong support of the civil rights movement and played a significant role in shaping his legacy as a proponent of civil rights. Kennedy was initially cautious in his support of civil rights and desegregation in the United States. Concerned that dramatic actions would alienate legislators in the segregated southern United States, he limited his activities on the issue and confined his justifying rhetoric to legal arguments. As his term continued, African Americans became increasingly impatient with their lack of social progress and racial tensions escalated. The rising militancy of the civil rights movement troubled white Americans and the deteriorating situation reflected negatively on the United States abroad. Kennedy came to conclude that he had to offer stronger support for civil rights, including the enactment of new legislation that would ensure desegregation in the commercial sector. On June 11, 1963, federal officials integrated the University of Alabama. Kennedy decided that it was an opportune moment to speak about civil rights, and instructed Ted Sorensen to draft a speech that he could deliver on television that evening. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and his deputy, Burke Marshall, assisted Sorensen, who finished shortly before President Kennedy was due to begin speaking at 8:00 PM. (en) |
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President Kennedy delivering his speech while sitting at the Resolute desk in the Oval Office (en) |
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I think the speech that President Kennedy made was forceful. He was the first president to say that the question of civil rights was a moral issue. He reminded us what it was like to be black or white in the American South, in that speech. I listened to every word of that speech. (en) I got a call at two in the morning from Memphis, it was some men in a bar and they said they just wanted to let me know what they felt. 'We don't want to eat with [African Americans], we don't want to go to school with them, we don't even want to go to church with them.' I said, 'Do you want to go to heaven with them?' The guy answered, 'No, I'll just go to hell with you. ... ' (en) Kennedy's finest moment as president showcased his evolution from a cautious politician into a world leader bold enough to deliver perhaps the finest speech ever on race relations. (en) |
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—Part of Tennessee Senator Albert Gore Sr.'s statement to Kennedy after the speech (en) —Civil rights leader John Lewis (en) —Historian Peniel E. Joseph, 2013 (en) |
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Report to the American People on Civil Rights (en) |
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Le discours sur les droits civiques (en anglais : Civil Rights Address ou Report to the American People on Civil Rights ), est un discours prononcé le 11 juin 1963 par le 35e président des États-Unis John Fitzgerald Kennedy depuis le Bureau ovale afin de proposer le Civil Rights Act de 1964. Le discours transforme les droits civils d'un problème juridique en moral : « Nous sommes, à la fois en tant que pays et en tant que peuple, face à une crise des valeurs morales ». Kennedy y explique les dimensions économiques, éducatives et morales de la ségrégation raciale. (fr) The Report to the American People on Civil Rights was a speech on civil rights, delivered on radio and television by United States President John F. Kennedy from the Oval Office on June 11, 1963 in which he proposed legislation that would later become the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Expressing civil rights as a moral issue, Kennedy moved past his previous appeals to legality and asserted that the pursuit of racial equality was a just cause. The address signified a shift in his administration's policy towards strong support of the civil rights movement and played a significant role in shaping his legacy as a proponent of civil rights. (en) |
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