| dbo:abstract |
John Byng (29 d'octubre, 1704 – 14 de març, de 1757, fou afusellat a bord del navili ) fou un almirall anglès. Era fill de l'almirall Sir George Byng. El 1718 entrà a la marina, arribant ben aviat a almirall del pavelló blanc. El 1756 se li confià el destinada a foragitar de l'illa de Menorca els francesos que acabaven de desembarcar en l'illa grans forces i havien . Un encontre amb la flota francesa comanada per Galissionère restà indecís, però Byng es retirà a Gibraltar per a cobrir aquesta plaça, deixant sense complir les ordres que havia rebut, a conseqüència de la qual cosa Maó hagué de capitular, i Anglaterra perdé l'illa de Menorca. La conducta de Byng, que realment no va fer tot el que calia per deixar en bon lloc l'honor de les armes, però que havia estat enviat pel govern anglès massa tard i sense les forces necessàries per a l'objectiu que es perseguia, produí gran indignació a Anglaterra, fou empresonat i sotmès a un consell de guerra, en el qual fou condemnat a mort. El mateix tribunal recomanà al rei l'indult del desgraciat almirall, en favor del qual intervingué el mateix Pitt així com l'escriptor i filòsof francès Voltaire, però Jordi II ordenà l'execució de la sentència, i Byng fou afusellat sense consideració als seus serveis anteriors ni a les circumstàncies que concorrien en la seva desgràcia. La història el considera una víctima expiatòria de la mala gestió del ministeri, executada per a calmar la indignació popular que havia suscitat els revessos soferts per les armes angleses al Canadà i les Balears. (ca) Sir John Byng (28. října 1704, Southill Park, Anglie – 14. března 1757, Portsmouth, Anglie) byl britský admirál. Díky slavnému otci prodělal rychlou kariéru u námořnictva. Na začátku sedmileté války byl vrchním velitelem ve Středozemním moři. Za prohranou bitvu o Menorcu byl postaven před válečný soud a popraven. (cs) Hon. John Byng (* 1704, getauft in Southill, Bedfordshire, 29. Oktober 1704; † 14. März 1757 in Portsmouth) war ein britischer Admiral und Politiker. (de) Admiral John Byng (baptised 29 October 1704 – 14 March 1757) was a British Royal Navy officer who was court-martialled and executed by firing squad. After joining the navy at the age of thirteen, he participated at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718. Over the next thirty years he built up a reputation as a solid naval officer and received promotion to vice-admiral in 1747. He also served as Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland Colony in 1742, Commander-in-Chief, Leith, 1745 to 1746 and was a member of Parliament from 1751 until his death. Byng failed to relieve a besieged British garrison during the Battle of Minorca at the beginning of the Seven Years' War. He had sailed for Minorca at the head of a hastily assembled fleet of vessels, some of which were in poor condition. In the ensuing battle with a French fleet off the Minorcan coast, he was defeated and the fleet under his command considerably damaged. He then elected to return to Gibraltar to repair his ships. Upon return to Britain, Byng was court-martialled and found guilty of failing to "do his utmost" to prevent Minorca from falling to the French. He was sentenced to death and, after pleas for clemency were denied, was shot dead by a firing squad on 14 March 1757. (en) John Byng (bautizado el 29 de octubre de 1704-14 de marzo de 1757) fue un almirante de la Royal Navy británica. Byng es conocido por perder la isla de Menorca a manos de los franceses en 1756 al comienzo de la guerra de los siete años. Fue sentenciado a muerte y fusilado el 14 de marzo de 1757. (es) L'Amiral John Byng (29 octobre 1704 - 14 mars 1757), est un officier de marine britannique. Entré dans la Royal Navy à l'âge de treize ans, il prend part à la bataille du cap Passaro en 1718. Pendant les trente années qui suivent, il se construit une réputation d'officier de marine de qualité et est promu Vice-Admiral en 1747. Byng est surtout connu pour la perte de Minorque en 1756 au début de la guerre de Sept Ans. Les vaisseaux dont il disposait nécessitaient des réparations et il est relevé de son commandement avant d'avoir pu les effectuer ou faire parvenir sur place les renforts dont il avait besoin. Il passe en cour martiale et est jugé coupable de n'avoir pas fait « tout son possible » pour empêcher Minorque de tomber aux mains des Français à la suite de la bataille de Minorque. Il est condamné à mort et exécuté le 14 mars 1757. (fr) ジョン・ビング（John Byng、1704年10月29日 - 1757年3月14日）は、イギリスの提督。7年戦争初期のミノルカ島の海戦で「最善を尽くさなかった」として軍法会議にかけられ、銃殺刑に処された。 (ja) John Byng (Southill, 29 ottobre 1704 – Portsmouth, 14 marzo 1757) è stato un ammiraglio inglese.La prima causa della sua notorietà è dovuta alla sua fucilazione sul cassero della a Portsmouth dopo una corte marziale istruita per la sua mancata difesa di Minorca durante la battaglia navale lì combattuta durante la guerra dei sette anni. (it) 존 빙(John Byng, 1704년 10월 29일 - 1757년 3월 14일)은 영국의 해군 제독이다. 7년 전쟁 초기 메노르카섬 해전에서 ‘최선을 다하지 못했다’는 이유로 군법회의에 회부되어 총살형에 처해졌다. (ko) John Byng (ur. 1704 w Southill, zm. 14 marca 1757 w cieśninie Solent koło Portsmouth) – brytyjski admirał. Do brytyjskiej marynarki wojennej wstąpił w wieku 13 lat, w 1747 roku uzyskał awans na wiceadmirała. Najsłynniejsza bitwa w której dowodził, bitwa morska u wybrzeży Minorki w 1756 r., zakończyła się strategiczną porażką floty brytyjskiej. John Byng uznany został przez sąd wojenny winnym zaniedbań i – będącego następstwem porażki floty – upadku Minorki. Skazany na śmierć został rozstrzelany w dniu 14 marca 1757 r. na pokładzie okrętu HMS „Monarch”. (pl) John Byng, född 29 oktober 1704, död 14 mars 1757, var en engelsk sjömilitär, son till George Byng, 1:e viscount Torrington, bror till och . Byng avancerade utan att särskilt utmärka sig fort och blev 1755 amiral. År 1756 sändes han med en flotta för att undsätta det av fransmännen belägrade på Menorca. Efter en mindre lycklig, men inte avgörande strid med franska flottan vände Byng dock utan vidare tillbaka. I England framkallade beteendet en storm av förbittring, Byng ställdes inför krigsrätt, dömdes till döden och blev skjuten. Han var den siste av sin rang som blev behandlad på detta sätt. Ännu i början av 2000-talet pågår aktiva ansträngningar att få honom återupprättad.[källa behövs] (sv) Джон Бинг (англ. John Byng; 29 октября 1704 — 14 марта 1757) — британский адмирал, расстрелянный по приговору военного суда за то, что в сражении при Минорке «не сделал всё, что от него зависело». Четвёртый сын британского адмирала Джорджа Бинга. (ru) 海軍上將約翰·拜恩（英語：Admiral John Byng，1704年10月29日（受洗）－1757年3月14日），英國皇家海軍將官，13歲投身海軍，1718年參與。30年的海軍生涯使他成為一位經驗豐富和老練的海軍將官，並在1747年晉升中將。 然而，拜恩最為人所知的事蹟，是他在七年戰爭初期，於1756年敗於。在戰事當中，拜思因麾下戰艦受損嚴重而決定鳴金收兵，返回直布羅陀，導致梅諾卡島落入法國軍隊手中。拜恩事後被軍法審判，更因「未盡全力」保衛梅諾卡島，在1757年3月14日由火槍隊執行軍法處決，成為英國歷史上最後一位遭軍法槍決的海軍上將。拜恩未獲特赦而遭槍決的下場，在當時引起輿論極大的爭議。 (zh) |
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Sir John Byng (28. října 1704, Southill Park, Anglie – 14. března 1757, Portsmouth, Anglie) byl britský admirál. Díky slavnému otci prodělal rychlou kariéru u námořnictva. Na začátku sedmileté války byl vrchním velitelem ve Středozemním moři. Za prohranou bitvu o Menorcu byl postaven před válečný soud a popraven. (cs) Hon. John Byng (* 1704, getauft in Southill, Bedfordshire, 29. Oktober 1704; † 14. März 1757 in Portsmouth) war ein britischer Admiral und Politiker. (de) John Byng (bautizado el 29 de octubre de 1704-14 de marzo de 1757) fue un almirante de la Royal Navy británica. Byng es conocido por perder la isla de Menorca a manos de los franceses en 1756 al comienzo de la guerra de los siete años. Fue sentenciado a muerte y fusilado el 14 de marzo de 1757. (es) ジョン・ビング（John Byng、1704年10月29日 - 1757年3月14日）は、イギリスの提督。7年戦争初期のミノルカ島の海戦で「最善を尽くさなかった」として軍法会議にかけられ、銃殺刑に処された。 (ja) John Byng (Southill, 29 ottobre 1704 – Portsmouth, 14 marzo 1757) è stato un ammiraglio inglese.La prima causa della sua notorietà è dovuta alla sua fucilazione sul cassero della a Portsmouth dopo una corte marziale istruita per la sua mancata difesa di Minorca durante la battaglia navale lì combattuta durante la guerra dei sette anni. (it) 존 빙(John Byng, 1704년 10월 29일 - 1757년 3월 14일)은 영국의 해군 제독이다. 7년 전쟁 초기 메노르카섬 해전에서 ‘최선을 다하지 못했다’는 이유로 군법회의에 회부되어 총살형에 처해졌다. (ko) John Byng (ur. 1704 w Southill, zm. 14 marca 1757 w cieśninie Solent koło Portsmouth) – brytyjski admirał. Do brytyjskiej marynarki wojennej wstąpił w wieku 13 lat, w 1747 roku uzyskał awans na wiceadmirała. Najsłynniejsza bitwa w której dowodził, bitwa morska u wybrzeży Minorki w 1756 r., zakończyła się strategiczną porażką floty brytyjskiej. John Byng uznany został przez sąd wojenny winnym zaniedbań i – będącego następstwem porażki floty – upadku Minorki. Skazany na śmierć został rozstrzelany w dniu 14 marca 1757 r. na pokładzie okrętu HMS „Monarch”. (pl) Джон Бинг (англ. John Byng; 29 октября 1704 — 14 марта 1757) — британский адмирал, расстрелянный по приговору военного суда за то, что в сражении при Минорке «не сделал всё, что от него зависело». Четвёртый сын британского адмирала Джорджа Бинга. (ru) 海軍上將約翰·拜恩（英語：Admiral John Byng，1704年10月29日（受洗）－1757年3月14日），英國皇家海軍將官，13歲投身海軍，1718年參與。30年的海軍生涯使他成為一位經驗豐富和老練的海軍將官，並在1747年晉升中將。 然而，拜恩最為人所知的事蹟，是他在七年戰爭初期，於1756年敗於。在戰事當中，拜思因麾下戰艦受損嚴重而決定鳴金收兵，返回直布羅陀，導致梅諾卡島落入法國軍隊手中。拜恩事後被軍法審判，更因「未盡全力」保衛梅諾卡島，在1757年3月14日由火槍隊執行軍法處決，成為英國歷史上最後一位遭軍法槍決的海軍上將。拜恩未獲特赦而遭槍決的下場，在當時引起輿論極大的爭議。 (zh) John Byng (29 d'octubre, 1704 – 14 de març, de 1757, fou afusellat a bord del navili ) fou un almirall anglès. Era fill de l'almirall Sir George Byng. El 1718 entrà a la marina, arribant ben aviat a almirall del pavelló blanc. El 1756 se li confià el destinada a foragitar de l'illa de Menorca els francesos que acabaven de desembarcar en l'illa grans forces i havien . La història el considera una víctima expiatòria de la mala gestió del ministeri, executada per a calmar la indignació popular que havia suscitat els revessos soferts per les armes angleses al Canadà i les Balears. (ca) Admiral John Byng (baptised 29 October 1704 – 14 March 1757) was a British Royal Navy officer who was court-martialled and executed by firing squad. After joining the navy at the age of thirteen, he participated at the Battle of Cape Passaro in 1718. Over the next thirty years he built up a reputation as a solid naval officer and received promotion to vice-admiral in 1747. He also served as Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland Colony in 1742, Commander-in-Chief, Leith, 1745 to 1746 and was a member of Parliament from 1751 until his death. (en) L'Amiral John Byng (29 octobre 1704 - 14 mars 1757), est un officier de marine britannique. Entré dans la Royal Navy à l'âge de treize ans, il prend part à la bataille du cap Passaro en 1718. Pendant les trente années qui suivent, il se construit une réputation d'officier de marine de qualité et est promu Vice-Admiral en 1747. Byng est surtout connu pour la perte de Minorque en 1756 au début de la guerre de Sept Ans. Les vaisseaux dont il disposait nécessitaient des réparations et il est relevé de son commandement avant d'avoir pu les effectuer ou faire parvenir sur place les renforts dont il avait besoin. Il passe en cour martiale et est jugé coupable de n'avoir pas fait « tout son possible » pour empêcher Minorque de tomber aux mains des Français à la suite de la bataille de Minorque. Il (fr) John Byng, född 29 oktober 1704, död 14 mars 1757, var en engelsk sjömilitär, son till George Byng, 1:e viscount Torrington, bror till och . Byng avancerade utan att särskilt utmärka sig fort och blev 1755 amiral. År 1756 sändes han med en flotta för att undsätta det av fransmännen belägrade på Menorca. Efter en mindre lycklig, men inte avgörande strid med franska flottan vände Byng dock utan vidare tillbaka. (sv) |
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John Byng (en) John Byng (ca) John Byng (cs) John Byng (de) John Byng (es) John Byng (fr) John Byng (it) ジョン・ビング (ja) 존 빙 (ko) John Byng (pl) Бинг, Джон (адмирал) (ru) John Byng (sv) 約翰·拜恩 (zh) |
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