Odaenathus (original) (raw)
- Septimi Odenat (llatí: Septimius Odaenathus; grec antic: Ὀδαίναθος, Odènathos, /oˈðɛnaθos/; arameu palmirià: , Dynt /'Odainat; àrab: أذينة, Uḏayna) va ser el marit de la famosa reina Zenòbia, i rei de Palmira dels anys 252 al 267. Segons Procopi, era un príncep àrab cap de tribu que vivia a la riba de l'Eufrates. Trebel·li Pol·lió l'inclou a la llista dels Trenta Tirans que relaciona a la Història Augusta, però segurament pot ser considerat més com un salvador que com un destructor de l'Imperi Romà. Quan es va assabentar de la captura de Valerià I pel rei persa Sapor, i la dispersió del seu exèrcit, Odenat va reunir una força amb la qual es va dirigir amb valentia contra el rei persa, al que va expulsar de Síria, va ocupar part de Mesopotàmia, i va capturar l'harem del rei al qual va empaitar fins a les mateixes muralles de Ctesifont l'any 262. En agraïment Gal·liè el va nomenar governador de Síria i Mesopotàmia i el va associar a l'Imperi amb el títol d'august d'Orient (263). L'any 264 Odenat va ocupar Nisibis i Carres i el 265 va conquerir part d'Armènia i Capadòcia que estaven en mans dels perses. Després va combatre contra Quiet, fill de Macrià, al que va aconseguir fer recular i va matar a la ciutat d'Emesa l'any 266. Va morir l'any 267 assassinat pel seu cosí o nebot Meoni, potser amb coneixement de la seva muller Zenòbia, i el va succeir el seu fill Vabalat sota regència de Zenòbia. Anteriorment havia governat Palmira un altre príncep local de nom Odenat, per la qual cosa aquest Odenat era de fet Odenat II. (ca)
- سبتيموس أذينة الثاني ملك تدمر (توفي عام 267م) كان يحكم تدمر في وسط سوريا بمساعدة مجلس الشيوخ. (ar)
- Septimius Odaenathus (auch Odainathos oder Od[a]enath genannt; † 267 in Herakleia Pontike oder [weniger wahrscheinlich] in Emesa) war Fürst und schließlich König von Palmyra. Er fungierte zeitweise gleichzeitig als römischer Feldherr und Stellvertreter des Kaisers Gallienus im Orient. Nach der Gefangennahme Kaiser Valerians durch die Perser im Jahr 260 herrschte in den 60er-Jahren des 3. Jahrhunderts zunächst Unruhe in Roms orientalischen Provinzen. Odaenathus gelang es schließlich, die römische Ostgrenze wieder zu stabilisieren. Gleichzeitig begünstigten die Zeitumstände der Reichskrise des 3. Jahrhunderts seine eigenen politischen Ziele. Er gewann zunehmend an Einfluss im römischen Orient, wovon Palmyra erheblich profitierte. (de)
- Ο Οδαίναθος (Λούκιος Σεπτίμιος Οδαίναθος, λατινικά: Lucius Septimius Odaenathus, αραμαϊκά: ܐܕܝܢܬ (Oḏainaṯ), αραβικά: أذينة (Udhaynah), εκλατινισμένη μεταφορά του συριακού Odainath (Ονταϊνάθ)) ήταν ο ηγεμόνας της Παλμύρας της Συρίας και αργότερα της βραχύβιας Παλμυρηνής Αυτοκρατορίας, κατά το δεύτερο μισό του 3ου αιώνα, ο οποίος πέτυχε να ανακτήσει την ρωμαϊκή Ανατολή από τους Πέρσες και να την επανεντάξει στη Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία. (el)
- Septimio Odenato (en latín: Septimius Odaenathus, griego: Hodainathos, árabe: أذينة), la forma latinizada de Odainath, fue un rey del reino de Palmira y del posterior Imperio de Palmira en la segunda mitad del siglo III. Tuvo mucho éxito en recuperar los territorios orientales romanos, capturando tierras de los persas y restaurándolos al Imperio romano. (es)
- Odénat (ou Odainath, Arabe : أذينة (Udhaynah), Latin : Septimius Odaenathus) est un notable de Palmyre qui gouverne une partie de l'Orient romain au IIIe siècle. Odénat nait vers 220 apr. J.-C. et meurt assassiné en 267 apr. J.-C. à Émèse. Odénat appartient à la noblesse palmyrénienne. Sa famille acquiert la citoyenneté romaine sous Septime Sévère. Le renforcement de son pouvoir ouvre la voie à la tentative d'usurpation de l'empire par sa femme Zénobie et leur fils Wahballat. (fr)
- Septimius Odaenathus (Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡠𐡣𐡩𐡮𐡶, ʾDYNT, vocalized as ʾŌdainaṯ; Arabic: أذينة, romanized: Uḏaina; c. 220 – 267) was the founder king (Mlk) of the Palmyrene Kingdom who ruled from Palmyra, Syria. He elevated the status of his kingdom from a regional center subordinate to Rome into a formidable state in the Near East. Odaenathus was born into an aristocratic Palmyrene family that had received Roman citizenship in the 190s under the Severan dynasty. He was the son of Hairan, the descendant of Nasor. The circumstances surrounding his rise are ambiguous; he became the lord (ras) of the city, a position created for him, as early as the 240s and by 258, he was styled a consularis, indicating a high status in the Roman Empire. The defeat and captivity of Emperor Valerian at the hands of the Sassanian emperor Shapur I in 260 left the eastern Roman provinces largely at the mercy of the Persians. Odaenathus remained on the side of Rome; assuming the title of king, he led the Palmyrene army, fell upon the Persians before they could cross the Euphrates to the eastern bank, and inflicted upon them a considerable defeat. He took the side of Emperor Gallienus, the son and successor of Valerian, who was facing the attempted usurpation of Fulvius Macrianus. The rebel declared his sons emperors, leaving one in Syria and taking the other with him to Europe. Odaenathus attacked the remaining usurper and quelled the rebellion. He was rewarded with many exceptional titles by the Emperor, who formalized his self-established position in the East. In reality, the Emperor may have done little but accept the declared nominal loyalty of Odaenathus. In a series of rapid and successful campaigns starting in 262, Odaenathus crossed the Euphrates and recovered Carrhae and Nisibis. He then took the offensive into the heartland of Persia, and arrived at the walls of its capital, Ctesiphon. The city withstood the short siege but Odaenathus reclaimed the entirety of the Roman lands occupied by the Persians since the beginning of their invasions in 252. Odaenathus celebrated his victories and declared himself "King of Kings", crowning his son Herodianus as co-king. By 263, Odaenathus was in effective control of the Levant, Roman Mesopotamia and Anatolia's eastern region. Odaenathus observed all due formalities towards the Emperor, but in practice ruled as an independent monarch. In 266, he launched a second invasion of Persia but had to abandon the campaign and head north to Bithynia to repel the attacks of Germanic raiders besieging the city of Heraclea Pontica. He was assassinated in 267 during or immediately after the Anatolian campaign, together with Herodianus. The identities of the perpetrator or the instigator are unknown and many stories, accusations and speculations exist in ancient sources. He was succeeded by his son Vaballathus under the regency of his widow Zenobia, who used the power established by Odaenathus to forge the Palmyrene Empire in 270. (en)
- Septimius Udhayna, di-Latinisasi menjadi Odaenathus (: ('Dynt), dibaca Oḏainaṯ; bahasa Arab: أذينة (Udhayna); ca. 220 – 267 M), adalah seorang raja pendiri (Mlk) Kerajaan Palmira yang terpusat di , Suriah. Ia meningkatkan kotanya dari posisi pusat regional bawahan Roma menjadi kekuatan tertinggi di wilayah Timur. (in)
- Settimio Odenato (in latino: Odaenathus; in greco antico: Ὁδαίναθος, Hodainathos; in arabo: أذينة, "piccolo orecchio"; forma latinizzata del nome Adhinath; III secolo – 267/268) fu il sovrano del Regno di Palmira, per una decina di anni fino alla sua morte, durante la seconda metà del III secolo, riuscendo a salvare l'Impero romano dalla minaccia dei Sasanidi. (it)
- セプティミウス・オダエナトゥス(ラテン語: Septimius Odaenathus、? - 267年)は、通商都市パルミラを根拠地としてローマ帝国の東方属州を統括していた人物。のちのパルミラ帝国の原型を作った。氏族名は「オダエナトゥス」以外に、「オデナトゥス」「オーデナサス」とも表記される。 (ja)
- Lucius Septimius Odaenathus of Odenathus (?-267 was koning van Palmyra (ca. 260-267). Nadat het koninkrijk Palmyra onder Septimius Severus de status van Romeinse kolonie had verkregen, kwam een vorstenhuis aan de macht dat een sterke bondgenoot was van het Romeinse Rijk. De koningen werden door de keizer van Rome benoemd, en de naam Septimius die geplaatst werd voor de Aramese koningsnaam symboliseert de band met de Romeinse keizers. Zo kreeg Palmyra achtereenvolgens de koningen , , , en Septimius Odaenathus. Na de gevangenneming in 260 van Valerianus I door koning Shapur I van Perzië werden de Perzen verslagen door de prefect van de pretoriaanse garde, Balista. Odaenathus nu bewees de Romeinse keizer Gallienus, zoon van Valerianus, een enorme dienst door de Perzen op hun terugtocht een tweede nederlaag toe te brengen en hen uit het Romeinse gebied te verdrijven. Tegelijkertijd slaagde hij erin Mesopotamië voor Rome in te lijven. In 261 versloeg hij de usurpator Quietus en beëindigde daarmee de Romeinse opstand in Emesa (die werd geleid door legercommandant Macrianus Maior met dezelfde prefect Balista en waar Macrianus' twee zonen, Macrianus Minor en Quietus tot medekeizers waren uitgeroepen). Als dank kende Gallienus de titel Dux Romanorum "Leider van de Romeinen" en Corrector totius orientus "Gouverneur van het hele Oosten" toe aan Odaenathus. Deze gaf zichzelf de titel malik an malik ("koning der koningen"). In 263 stond Odaenathus voor de muren van , een tweede invasie in 266 moest hij afbreken om een Gotische invasie in Klein-Azië te voorkomen. Tijdens deze actie kwamen hij en zijn oudste zoon Herodianus om het leven. Het is mogelijk dat Odaenathus tweede vrouw, Zenobia, hiervoor verantwoordelijk was, maar men sluit niet uit dat het op orders van keizer Gallienus gebeurde die de groeiende macht van de koning van Palmyra als een directe bedreiging zag. Odaenathus werd opgevolgd door deze vrouw, Zenobia, als regent voor haar minderjarige zoon Vabalathus. (nl)
- Septimius Odenathus (ur. ?, zm. 267) – król Palmyry, małżonek Zenobii i ojciec Waballata. Odaenathus był dwukrotnie żonaty. Nic nie wiadomo o imieniu i losie jego pierwszej żony. Liczba dzieci Odaenathusa z pierwszą żoną nie jest znana i tylko jedno jest udokumentowane: Hairan I – Herodianus. Imię Hairan pojawia się na 251 inskrypcji z Palmyry opisującej go jako ras, co sugeruje, że był już wtedy dorosły. Ożenił się powtórnie z Zenobią i miał z nią trzech synów: Waballata, Hereniana i Timolausa (niektórzy historycy wyrażają wątpliwości, czy Waballat istotnie był jego synem). Związek z Zenobią nie należał do udanych; pomiędzy małżonkami powstawały nieporozumienia, ponieważ Odenatus zbyt faworyzował pierworodnego Herodosa, podczas gdy Zenobii zależało na odziedziczeniu rządów przez jej syna Waballata. Po ogłoszeniu cesarzem Odenatus został zamordowany przez żołnierzy, ginąc wraz z synem z rąk spokrewnionego z nim Meoniusza. Prawdopodobnie zamach inspirowała Zenobia; rządy następnie objął Waballat, choć w rzeczywistości rządziła jego matka. Odenat prowadził politykę prorzymską. Jako władca Palmyry miał świadomość korzyści wynikających z opowiedzenia się po stronie Rzymu. Podbicie przez niego Wschodu miało być darem dla Rzymu i następcy, Herodosa. (pl)
- Lúcio Septímio Odenato (português europeu) ou Lúcio Sétimo Odenato (português brasileiro) (em latim: Lucius Septimius Odaenathus), ou apenas Odenato ou Odeina(em grego: Οδαίναθος; romaniz.: Hodainathos, em árabe: أذينة; romaniz.: Udhaynah; em aramaico: ܐܕܝܢܬ; romaniz.: Oḏainaṯ), a forma latinizada do siríaco Odainath, foi um soberano do reino árabe de Palmira (na Síria) e do posterior Império de Palmira na segunda metade do século III, o qual teve amplo sucesso em recuperar os territórios romanos no oriente do Império Sassânida e restaurando-os ao Império Romano. Seu nome completo era Septímio Odenato. Alguns autores são da opinião que este nome era de origem aramaica enquanto outros afirmam que ele era derivado do vocábulo árabe "Odaina", que significa "orelha pequena", o que é reforçado por sua genealogia, que indica que ele era de ascendência árabe. Seu , "Septímio", mostra que sua família recebeu cidadania romana durante o reinado de um imperador da dinastia severiana, tornando-se uma das principais famílias em Palmira desde a década de 190. Era filho de Lúcio Sétimo Heranes (Hairān), o "senador e chefe de Tadmor", o filho Vabalato (Wahballath), filho de Nasor. (pt)
- Луций Септимий Оденат (пальмирский: , лат. Lucius Septimius Odaenathus, др.-греч. Οδαίναθος) — в 260—267 годах правитель Пальмирского царства, «царь царей» и «стратиг всего Востока» с 263 года. (ru)
- Луцій Септимій Оденат (лат. Lucius Septimius Odaenathus, дав.-гр. Οδαίναθος) — засновник і володар Пальмірського царства у 260—267 роках. (uk)
- Lucius Septimius Odaenathus (arabiska Udhaina), död 267/268 e. Kr., var furste i Palmyra och härskare över Romerska rikets östra del. Han försvarade romarrikets östra gräns mot sasaniderna med stor framgång. Odaenathus var en medlem i Palmyras styrande familj och romersk medborgare. Kejsar Valerianus belönade honom genom att år 258 upphöja honom till ställningen som romersk konsul och lydkonung i Palmyra för att han hade fört ett framgångsrikt fälttåg mot Persien och utvidgat romarrikets gränser in i Mesopotamien. När Valerianus 260 tillfångatogs av Shahpour I förblev Odaenathus lojal mot romarna för att förebygga att hans stad inte föll i Shahpours händer och tillfogade dennes armé ett allvarligt nederlag när den var på väg hem. Som ett erkännande av Odenathus seger över perserna och för att ha drivit bort dem från provinsen Mesopotamien samt besegrat usurpatorn , gav Valerianus son och efterträdare, kejsar Gallienus, honom 262 titeln corrector totius Orientis, härskare över hela Östern. Han blev därmed Gallenius medkejsare. Som kung av Palmyra kallade han sig "konungars konung". Odenathus och en av hans söner blev mördade 267/268 varefter hans hustru Zenobia övertog regentskapet i kungariket Palmyra för parets minderårige son Vaballathus. (sv)
- 奥登纳图斯(英語:Odaenathus;?-267年),罗马帝国殖民地帕尔米拉的统治者。曾于公元260年效忠于罗马帝国统治者瓦莱里安。并且由于在同年击败波斯人以及罗马帝国僭位者而受封为“东方总督”。公元262年他将波斯人赶出美索不达米亚以及附近地区,恢复罗马帝国在东方的统治。公元267年遇刺身亡后,其妻芝诺比娅使帕尔米拉成为完全独立的帕尔米拉王國。 (zh)
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- سبتيموس أذينة الثاني ملك تدمر (توفي عام 267م) كان يحكم تدمر في وسط سوريا بمساعدة مجلس الشيوخ. (ar)
- Ο Οδαίναθος (Λούκιος Σεπτίμιος Οδαίναθος, λατινικά: Lucius Septimius Odaenathus, αραμαϊκά: ܐܕܝܢܬ (Oḏainaṯ), αραβικά: أذينة (Udhaynah), εκλατινισμένη μεταφορά του συριακού Odainath (Ονταϊνάθ)) ήταν ο ηγεμόνας της Παλμύρας της Συρίας και αργότερα της βραχύβιας Παλμυρηνής Αυτοκρατορίας, κατά το δεύτερο μισό του 3ου αιώνα, ο οποίος πέτυχε να ανακτήσει την ρωμαϊκή Ανατολή από τους Πέρσες και να την επανεντάξει στη Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία. (el)
- Septimio Odenato (en latín: Septimius Odaenathus, griego: Hodainathos, árabe: أذينة), la forma latinizada de Odainath, fue un rey del reino de Palmira y del posterior Imperio de Palmira en la segunda mitad del siglo III. Tuvo mucho éxito en recuperar los territorios orientales romanos, capturando tierras de los persas y restaurándolos al Imperio romano. (es)
- Odénat (ou Odainath, Arabe : أذينة (Udhaynah), Latin : Septimius Odaenathus) est un notable de Palmyre qui gouverne une partie de l'Orient romain au IIIe siècle. Odénat nait vers 220 apr. J.-C. et meurt assassiné en 267 apr. J.-C. à Émèse. Odénat appartient à la noblesse palmyrénienne. Sa famille acquiert la citoyenneté romaine sous Septime Sévère. Le renforcement de son pouvoir ouvre la voie à la tentative d'usurpation de l'empire par sa femme Zénobie et leur fils Wahballat. (fr)
- Septimius Udhayna, di-Latinisasi menjadi Odaenathus (: ('Dynt), dibaca Oḏainaṯ; bahasa Arab: أذينة (Udhayna); ca. 220 – 267 M), adalah seorang raja pendiri (Mlk) Kerajaan Palmira yang terpusat di , Suriah. Ia meningkatkan kotanya dari posisi pusat regional bawahan Roma menjadi kekuatan tertinggi di wilayah Timur. (in)
- Settimio Odenato (in latino: Odaenathus; in greco antico: Ὁδαίναθος, Hodainathos; in arabo: أذينة, "piccolo orecchio"; forma latinizzata del nome Adhinath; III secolo – 267/268) fu il sovrano del Regno di Palmira, per una decina di anni fino alla sua morte, durante la seconda metà del III secolo, riuscendo a salvare l'Impero romano dalla minaccia dei Sasanidi. (it)
- セプティミウス・オダエナトゥス(ラテン語: Septimius Odaenathus、? - 267年)は、通商都市パルミラを根拠地としてローマ帝国の東方属州を統括していた人物。のちのパルミラ帝国の原型を作った。氏族名は「オダエナトゥス」以外に、「オデナトゥス」「オーデナサス」とも表記される。 (ja)
- Луций Септимий Оденат (пальмирский: , лат. Lucius Septimius Odaenathus, др.-греч. Οδαίναθος) — в 260—267 годах правитель Пальмирского царства, «царь царей» и «стратиг всего Востока» с 263 года. (ru)
- Луцій Септимій Оденат (лат. Lucius Septimius Odaenathus, дав.-гр. Οδαίναθος) — засновник і володар Пальмірського царства у 260—267 роках. (uk)
- 奥登纳图斯(英語:Odaenathus;?-267年),罗马帝国殖民地帕尔米拉的统治者。曾于公元260年效忠于罗马帝国统治者瓦莱里安。并且由于在同年击败波斯人以及罗马帝国僭位者而受封为“东方总督”。公元262年他将波斯人赶出美索不达米亚以及附近地区,恢复罗马帝国在东方的统治。公元267年遇刺身亡后,其妻芝诺比娅使帕尔米拉成为完全独立的帕尔米拉王國。 (zh)
- Septimi Odenat (llatí: Septimius Odaenathus; grec antic: Ὀδαίναθος, Odènathos, /oˈðɛnaθos/; arameu palmirià: , Dynt /'Odainat; àrab: أذينة, Uḏayna) va ser el marit de la famosa reina Zenòbia, i rei de Palmira dels anys 252 al 267. Va morir l'any 267 assassinat pel seu cosí o nebot Meoni, potser amb coneixement de la seva muller Zenòbia, i el va succeir el seu fill Vabalat sota regència de Zenòbia. Anteriorment havia governat Palmira un altre príncep local de nom Odenat, per la qual cosa aquest Odenat era de fet Odenat II. (ca)
- Septimius Odaenathus (auch Odainathos oder Od[a]enath genannt; † 267 in Herakleia Pontike oder [weniger wahrscheinlich] in Emesa) war Fürst und schließlich König von Palmyra. Er fungierte zeitweise gleichzeitig als römischer Feldherr und Stellvertreter des Kaisers Gallienus im Orient. (de)
- Septimius Odaenathus (Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡠𐡣𐡩𐡮𐡶, ʾDYNT, vocalized as ʾŌdainaṯ; Arabic: أذينة, romanized: Uḏaina; c. 220 – 267) was the founder king (Mlk) of the Palmyrene Kingdom who ruled from Palmyra, Syria. He elevated the status of his kingdom from a regional center subordinate to Rome into a formidable state in the Near East. Odaenathus was born into an aristocratic Palmyrene family that had received Roman citizenship in the 190s under the Severan dynasty. He was the son of Hairan, the descendant of Nasor. The circumstances surrounding his rise are ambiguous; he became the lord (ras) of the city, a position created for him, as early as the 240s and by 258, he was styled a consularis, indicating a high status in the Roman Empire. (en)
- Lucius Septimius Odaenathus of Odenathus (?-267 was koning van Palmyra (ca. 260-267). Nadat het koninkrijk Palmyra onder Septimius Severus de status van Romeinse kolonie had verkregen, kwam een vorstenhuis aan de macht dat een sterke bondgenoot was van het Romeinse Rijk. De koningen werden door de keizer van Rome benoemd, en de naam Septimius die geplaatst werd voor de Aramese koningsnaam symboliseert de band met de Romeinse keizers. Zo kreeg Palmyra achtereenvolgens de koningen , , , en Septimius Odaenathus. (nl)
- Lúcio Septímio Odenato (português europeu) ou Lúcio Sétimo Odenato (português brasileiro) (em latim: Lucius Septimius Odaenathus), ou apenas Odenato ou Odeina(em grego: Οδαίναθος; romaniz.: Hodainathos, em árabe: أذينة; romaniz.: Udhaynah; em aramaico: ܐܕܝܢܬ; romaniz.: Oḏainaṯ), a forma latinizada do siríaco Odainath, foi um soberano do reino árabe de Palmira (na Síria) e do posterior Império de Palmira na segunda metade do século III, o qual teve amplo sucesso em recuperar os territórios romanos no oriente do Império Sassânida e restaurando-os ao Império Romano. (pt)
- Septimius Odenathus (ur. ?, zm. 267) – król Palmyry, małżonek Zenobii i ojciec Waballata. Odaenathus był dwukrotnie żonaty. Nic nie wiadomo o imieniu i losie jego pierwszej żony. Liczba dzieci Odaenathusa z pierwszą żoną nie jest znana i tylko jedno jest udokumentowane: Hairan I – Herodianus. Imię Hairan pojawia się na 251 inskrypcji z Palmyry opisującej go jako ras, co sugeruje, że był już wtedy dorosły. Ożenił się powtórnie z Zenobią i miał z nią trzech synów: Waballata, Hereniana i Timolausa (niektórzy historycy wyrażają wątpliwości, czy Waballat istotnie był jego synem). (pl)
- Lucius Septimius Odaenathus (arabiska Udhaina), död 267/268 e. Kr., var furste i Palmyra och härskare över Romerska rikets östra del. Han försvarade romarrikets östra gräns mot sasaniderna med stor framgång. Som ett erkännande av Odenathus seger över perserna och för att ha drivit bort dem från provinsen Mesopotamien samt besegrat usurpatorn , gav Valerianus son och efterträdare, kejsar Gallienus, honom 262 titeln corrector totius Orientis, härskare över hela Östern. Han blev därmed Gallenius medkejsare. Som kung av Palmyra kallade han sig "konungars konung". (sv)
- أذينة (ملك تدمر) (ar)
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- Septimio Odenato (es)
- Odaenathus (in)
- Odénat (fr)
- Settimio Odenato (it)
- セプティミウス・オダエナトゥス (ja)
- Odaenathus (en)
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- Septimius Odenathus (pl)
- Odenato (pt)
- Оденат (ru)
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- 奥登纳图斯 (zh)
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