Originalism (original) (raw)

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Originalismus (engl. originalism) ist eine juristische Lehrmeinung zur Auslegung von Normen. Der Begriff „Originalismus“ selbst ist im US-amerikanischen Verfassungsrecht der 1980er Jahre entstanden, obwohl die von den Originalisten vorgeschlagenen Methoden schon deutlich älter sind.

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dbo:abstract Originalismus (engl. originalism) ist eine juristische Lehrmeinung zur Auslegung von Normen. Der Begriff „Originalismus“ selbst ist im US-amerikanischen Verfassungsrecht der 1980er Jahre entstanden, obwohl die von den Originalisten vorgeschlagenen Methoden schon deutlich älter sind. (de) L'originalisme est une théorie de l'interprétation juridique aux États-Unis, qui affirme que la Constitution américaine doit être interprétée en accord avec la signification qu'elle avait à l'époque de sa proclamation. Il s'agit d'une théorie de formalisme juridique, parfois corollaire du . Ce dernier affirme qu'un texte de loi doit être interprété en fonction de son sens évident et non en fonction de l'intention du législateur ou de quelque autre donnée. (fr) En el contexto de la interpretación constitucional en los Estados Unidos, el originalismo es una familia de teorías doctrinarias que comparten un punto de partida, este punto es que la Constitución (o el estatuto) tiene un sentido fijo y conocido, el cual se establece al momento de la ratificación y entrada en vigencia del texto en cuestión. El "originalismo" es una teoría legal parecida al formalismo mezclado con el textualismo. En la actualidad esta teoría se está volviendo popular entre los políticos conservadores de EE. UU., siendo los más conocidos Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas y Robert Bork, pero también ha sido adoptada por políticos liberales como el juez Hugo Black y .​ (es) In the context of United States law, originalism is a concept regarding the interpretation of the Constitution that asserts that all statements in the Constitution must be interpreted based on the original understanding "at the time it was adopted". This concept views the Constitution as stable from the time of enactment and that the meaning of its contents can be changed only by the steps set out in Article Five. This notion stands in contrast to the concept of the Living Constitution, which asserts that the Constitution should be interpreted based on the context of current times, even if such interpretation is different from the original interpretations of the document. Originalism should not be confused with strict constructionism. The development of originalism was influenced by Herbert Wechsler's influential lecture on Neutral Principles. The idea that judicial review was distinguished from ordinary political process by the application of principles grew to be understood as fundamental to the legitimacy of judicial interpretation. Proponents of originalism argue that originalism was the primary method of legal interpretation in America from the time of its founding until the time of the New Deal, when competing theories of interpretation grew in prominence. Critics of originalism argue that its appeal in modern times is rooted in conservative political resistance to the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision and opposition to some civil rights legislation. "Originalism" can refer to original intent or original meaning. The divisions between the theories relate to what exactly that identifiable original intent or original meaning is: the intentions of the authors or the ratifiers, the original meaning of the text, a combination of the two, or the original meaning of the text but not its expected application. (en) 원전주의(Originalism)란 미국의 법체계에서 헌법이 제정되었을 때, 헌법을 작성한 자들의 본래의 뜻과 목적을 보존하고 지키려는 철학 내지는 사상이다. 이것은 에 대해 반하는 정신이다. 이 원전주의자에 해당하는 자들은 , 안토닌 스칼리아, 브렛 캐버노가 있다. 이들은 주로 보수주의자에 해당되며, 낙태반대,반동성애 등의 정책과 연관이 된다. (ko) L'originalismo è una particolare corrente interpretativa che è, al contrario delle esperienze europee, diffusa nella dottrina costituzionalistica nordamericana: verte sull'assunto secondo cui l'interprete dovrebbe attenersi fedelmente alla lettera del testo originale della Costituzione. (it) Originalismo, no contexto da lei dos Estados Unidos, é um conceito relativo à interpretação jurídica da Constituição que afirma que todas as declarações na constituição devem ser interpretadas com base no entendimento original "no momento em que foi adotada". (pt) 原典主义(英語:Originalism)是美国宪法解释的一个概念,这一概念主张对宪法中的一切说法进行解释都应该以“通过宪法时”的原本理解为基础,认为宪法自通过后应保持稳定,其内容的含义只能通过美国宪法第五条所制定的步骤来改变。与这一概念相对的是“活的宪法”。原典主义源自保守派对美国最高法院在布朗诉托皮卡教育局案判决的不满,并在20世纪60年代得到了反对民权运动人士的支持。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment Originalismus (engl. originalism) ist eine juristische Lehrmeinung zur Auslegung von Normen. Der Begriff „Originalismus“ selbst ist im US-amerikanischen Verfassungsrecht der 1980er Jahre entstanden, obwohl die von den Originalisten vorgeschlagenen Methoden schon deutlich älter sind. (de) L'originalisme est une théorie de l'interprétation juridique aux États-Unis, qui affirme que la Constitution américaine doit être interprétée en accord avec la signification qu'elle avait à l'époque de sa proclamation. Il s'agit d'une théorie de formalisme juridique, parfois corollaire du . Ce dernier affirme qu'un texte de loi doit être interprété en fonction de son sens évident et non en fonction de l'intention du législateur ou de quelque autre donnée. (fr) En el contexto de la interpretación constitucional en los Estados Unidos, el originalismo es una familia de teorías doctrinarias que comparten un punto de partida, este punto es que la Constitución (o el estatuto) tiene un sentido fijo y conocido, el cual se establece al momento de la ratificación y entrada en vigencia del texto en cuestión. El "originalismo" es una teoría legal parecida al formalismo mezclado con el textualismo. En la actualidad esta teoría se está volviendo popular entre los políticos conservadores de EE. UU., siendo los más conocidos Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas y Robert Bork, pero también ha sido adoptada por políticos liberales como el juez Hugo Black y .​ (es) 원전주의(Originalism)란 미국의 법체계에서 헌법이 제정되었을 때, 헌법을 작성한 자들의 본래의 뜻과 목적을 보존하고 지키려는 철학 내지는 사상이다. 이것은 에 대해 반하는 정신이다. 이 원전주의자에 해당하는 자들은 , 안토닌 스칼리아, 브렛 캐버노가 있다. 이들은 주로 보수주의자에 해당되며, 낙태반대,반동성애 등의 정책과 연관이 된다. (ko) L'originalismo è una particolare corrente interpretativa che è, al contrario delle esperienze europee, diffusa nella dottrina costituzionalistica nordamericana: verte sull'assunto secondo cui l'interprete dovrebbe attenersi fedelmente alla lettera del testo originale della Costituzione. (it) Originalismo, no contexto da lei dos Estados Unidos, é um conceito relativo à interpretação jurídica da Constituição que afirma que todas as declarações na constituição devem ser interpretadas com base no entendimento original "no momento em que foi adotada". (pt) 原典主义(英語:Originalism)是美国宪法解释的一个概念,这一概念主张对宪法中的一切说法进行解释都应该以“通过宪法时”的原本理解为基础,认为宪法自通过后应保持稳定,其内容的含义只能通过美国宪法第五条所制定的步骤来改变。与这一概念相对的是“活的宪法”。原典主义源自保守派对美国最高法院在布朗诉托皮卡教育局案判决的不满,并在20世纪60年代得到了反对民权运动人士的支持。 (zh) In the context of United States law, originalism is a concept regarding the interpretation of the Constitution that asserts that all statements in the Constitution must be interpreted based on the original understanding "at the time it was adopted". This concept views the Constitution as stable from the time of enactment and that the meaning of its contents can be changed only by the steps set out in Article Five. This notion stands in contrast to the concept of the Living Constitution, which asserts that the Constitution should be interpreted based on the context of current times, even if such interpretation is different from the original interpretations of the document. Originalism should not be confused with strict constructionism. (en)
rdfs:label Originalismus (de) Originalismo (es) Originalismo (it) Originalisme (fr) 원전주의 (ko) Originalism (en) Originalismo (pt) 原典主义 (zh)
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