Rock art (original) (raw)
- L'art rupestre és un tipus d'art que es plasma en les roques, generalment a l'interior de coves, grutes, cavernes o abrics, que forma part de l'art prehistòric. Aquest és un terme emprat en arqueologia, i s'han localitzat mostres d'art rupestre arreu del món. L'art rupestre pot haver estat produït en diversos contextos, per bé que la majoria s'ha interpretat com el fruit d'un ritual. El màxim representant de l'art rupestre són les pintures rupestres, però també hi ha els petròglifs (excavats a la superfície de la roca) i les figures antropomorfes excavades a terra. Les mostres més antigues d'art rupestre daten del paleolític superior, i se n'han localitzat a Europa, Àsia i Àfrica. Els arqueòlegs consideren que aquestes peces tenien un significat màgic i religiós. L'estudi de l'art rupestre es va desenvolupar com una subdisciplina de l'arqueologia a finals del segle xix, especialment entre els investigadors francòfons que estudiaven l'art rupestre del paleolític superior localitzat en coves de l'Europa occidental. L'art rupestre encara avui és molt important en les comunitats indígenes d'arreu del món, que el consideren un element sagrat i de gran significació dins el seu patrimoni cultural. Els jaciments arqueològics amb mostres d'art rupestre són punts d'atracció del turisme cultural, i són apreciats pel seu valor estètic. (ca)
- Roka arto estas termino uzita en arkeologio por ĉiuj home faritaj markoj sur natura ŝtono. Ili povas esti dividitaj en la sekvajn tri kategoriojn: * "petroglifoj" - ĉizaĵoj sur ŝtonaj surfacoj * "piktografiaĵoj" - pentraĵoj sur ŝtonaj surfacoj, subĉiele kaj en kavoj * movebla roka arto - pli etaj, porteblaj artaĵoj de ambaŭ supraj tipoj Laŭ la prahistoriisto Emmanuel Anati, ekzistas 45 milionoj da rokaj pentraĵoj sur rokoj kaj en kavernoj sur 170.000 lokoj en 160 landoj. (eo)
- Felsbild ist der Oberbegriff für alle auf festem, das heißt „gewachsenem“ Fels von Menschen dargestellten Abbildungen oder Zeichen. Felsbilder sind Forschungsgegenstand der Archäologie und der Ethnologie. (de)
- L'expression « art rupestre » (du latin rupes, « roche ») désigne l'ensemble des œuvres d'art au sens large (sans appréciation esthétique) réalisées par l'Homme sur des rochers, le plus souvent en plein air. Il est parfois opposé à l'art pariétal (du latin parietalis, « relatif aux murs », art sur parois de grottes en intérieur), mais aussi à l'art mobilier (que l'on peut déplacer) et à l'. Cette forme d'art occupe une part majeure dans l'art préhistorique. Sa pratique est restée continue jusqu'à nos jours ; elle n'est pas le fruit d'une ethnie ou d'une culture particulière, mais relativement universelle. Le préhistorien Emmanuel Anati a recensé en 2003, 45 millions de peintures et gravures rupestres et pariétales réparties sur 170 000 sites dans 160 pays, plus de 70 % de ces graphèmes ayant été produits par des sociétés de chasseurs-cueilleurs, tandis que moins de 30 % sont l’œuvre de pasteurs et d'agriculteurs. Ce recensement est une estimation minimale car de nouveaux sites sont découverts chaque année. (fr)
- In archaeology, rock art is human-made markings placed on natural surfaces, typically vertical stone surfaces. A high proportion of surviving historic and prehistoric rock art is found in caves or partly enclosed rock shelters; this type also may be called cave art or parietal art. A global phenomenon, rock art is found in many culturally diverse regions of the world. It has been produced in many contexts throughout human history. In terms of technique, the main groups are: * cave paintings, * petroglyphs, which are carved or scratched into the rock surface, * sculpted rock reliefs and * geoglyphs, which are formed on the ground. The oldest known rock art dates from the Upper Palaeolithic period, having been found in Europe, Australia, Asia, and Africa. Anthropologists studying these artworks believe that they likely had magico-religious significance. The archaeological sub-discipline of rock art studies first developed in the late-19th century among Francophone scholars studying the rock art of the Upper Palaeolithic found in the cave systems of parts of Western Europe. Rock art continues to be of importance to indigenous peoples in various parts of the world, who view them as both sacred items and significant components of their cultural heritage. Such archaeological sites may become significant sources of cultural tourism and have been used in popular culture for their aesthetic qualities. (en)
- Seni batu atau seni cadas (Rock Art) adalah landscape art (seni bentangalam) berupa gambar, motif, atau desain yang terletak di alam seperti karang, gua (dinding maupun langit-langit), dan di hamparan tanah (Whitley. 2005). Lukisan purba merupakan fenomena di dalam dunia arkeologi yang terdapat di banyak tempat di dunia. Lukisan Purba terbagi atas beberapa bagian berdasarkan tempatnya, antara lain pictographs (melukis dan menggambar), petroglyps ( pengukir dan memahat), earth figures (lukisan bumi), beberapa arkeolog juga memasukkan terowongan dan alur yang dibuat manusia sebagai bagian dari lukisan purba. (in)
- 암면미술(巖面美術, 프랑스어: art rupestre, 영어: rock art)은 암벽이나 암괴에 그리거나 새겨진 채화(彩畫), 각화(刻畵), 부조를 일컫는다. 동굴 암벽에 행한 채화·각화(동굴벽화)와 암굴부조(暗窟浮彫)는 유럽 구석기시대 후기의 프랑코 칸타브리아 지방 미술에 국한된다. 암굴채화는 레반트 미술, 사하라 미술, 부시맨 미술, 인도 선사미술, 오스트레일리아 미술 등에 나타나며 암굴·암면·암괴의 각화는 미국의 네바다나 동캘리포니아, 페루, 칠레, 볼리비아, 중국 감숙성, 한국, 오만, 시리아 등 세계 각지에서 발견된다. 또한 뉴기니 인이나 서아프리카의 도곤족처럼 현존 부족민에 의해서도 암굴채화가 그려지고 있다. 채화의 안료로는 철산화물, 망간산화물, 석회석, 목탄 등에서 얻어진 황, 적, 갈, 흑, 백색 등으로 청색 계통은 없다. 각화에는 선(線)각화와 고타법(敲打法)에 의한 방법 등이 있다. (ko)
- Een rotstekening is een getekende afbeelding op rotsen. Men kan hierbij twee grote groepen onderscheiden: * Tekeningen in grotten, deze zijn meestal met pigmenten vervaardigd * Tekeningen op rotsen in de open lucht, deze hebben meestal de vorm van petrogliefen (nl)
- Arte rupestre é o termo que denomina as representações artísticas pré-históricas realizadas em paredes, tetos e outras superfícies de cavernas e abrigos rochosos, ou mesmo sobre superfícies rochosas ao ar livre. A arte rupestre divide-se em dois tipos: a pintura rupestre, composições realizadas com pigmentos, e a gravura rupestre, imagens gravadas em incisões na própria rocha. Em geral, trazem representações de animais, plantas e pessoas, e sinais gráficos abstratos, às vezes usados em combinação. Sua interpretação é difícil e está cercada de controvérsia, mas pensa-se correntemente que possam ilustrar cenas de caça, ritual, cotidiano, ter caráter mágico, e expressar, como uma espécie de linguagem visual, conceitos, símbolos, valores e crenças. Por tudo isso, muitos estudiosos atribuem à arte pré-histórica funções e características comparáveis às da arte como hoje é largamente entendida, embora haja uma tendência recente de substituir a denominação "arte" rupestre por "registro" rupestre, considerando a incerteza que cerca seu significado. Permanece, de todo modo, como testemunho precioso de culturas que exercem grande fascínio contemporaneamente mas são ainda pouco conhecidas. (pt)
- https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm%3Fcid=31&id_site=925
- http://sydneyrockart.info
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=HTSPXwAACAAJ%7Cyear=1968
- https://www.wits.ac.za/rockart/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20160527124827/http:/www.oregonrockart.com/
- http://www.ifrao.com/ifrao/
- http://www.institutum-canarium.org/news_e.html
- http://www.rupestreweb.info
- http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/era
- https://books.google.co.uk/books%3Fid=xwm_D1u_UTsC&pg=PA99
- https://groups.google.com/g/apar_peru
- https://whc.unesco.org/en/events/858/
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- http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/dubois/Courses_folder/shamanism_readings/2_9_13/Devlet.pdf
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- http://altarockart.no/map/mapEng.html
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- https://aars.fr/aars_en.html
- https://africanrockart.org/
- https://anar.org.ve/
- https://cesmap.it/
- https://esrara.org/
- https://museumsnc.co.za/new_site/northern-cape-rock-art-trust/
- https://rockartdatabase.com/gd_rec1/associacao-brasileira-de-arte-rupestre-abar/
- https://www.nvrockart.org/index.html
- https://www.rupestreweb.info/grupocubanogciar.html
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- https://www.untrm.edu.pe/en/presentacion.html
- http://www.rockartdatabase.com
- http://www.tassili.net
- http://www.upper-brandberg.com
- https://texasarchive.org/2020_01660
- https://web.archive.org/web/20050715232436/http:/rockart.wits.ac.za/origins/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20111003151158/http:/www.iranrockart.com/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20130322191750/http:/rockart.fotopic.net/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20131025091441/http:/www.rockartscandinavia.se/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140323140400/http:/www.coppelleroccere.com/rockart
- http://perso.numericable.fr/gersar/l'association%20du%20gersar.htm
- http://www.bundelkhand.in/portal/photo-gallery/Bundelkhand-ROCK-PAINTINGS
- http://www.rupestre.net/
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- http://www.creativespirits.info/australia/western-australia/karratha/murujuga-burrup-peninsula
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- http://www.ifrao.com/
- http://www.ifrao.com/cave-art-research-association-cara/
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- https://web.archive.org/web/20050628074128/http:/rockart.ncl.ac.uk/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20060422083316/http:/rockartuk.fotopic.net/
- http://www.europreart.net/
- http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/rockart.html
- http://www.bradshawfoundation.com
- http://SpiralZoom.com
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- Roka arto estas termino uzita en arkeologio por ĉiuj home faritaj markoj sur natura ŝtono. Ili povas esti dividitaj en la sekvajn tri kategoriojn: * "petroglifoj" - ĉizaĵoj sur ŝtonaj surfacoj * "piktografiaĵoj" - pentraĵoj sur ŝtonaj surfacoj, subĉiele kaj en kavoj * movebla roka arto - pli etaj, porteblaj artaĵoj de ambaŭ supraj tipoj Laŭ la prahistoriisto Emmanuel Anati, ekzistas 45 milionoj da rokaj pentraĵoj sur rokoj kaj en kavernoj sur 170.000 lokoj en 160 landoj. (eo)
- Felsbild ist der Oberbegriff für alle auf festem, das heißt „gewachsenem“ Fels von Menschen dargestellten Abbildungen oder Zeichen. Felsbilder sind Forschungsgegenstand der Archäologie und der Ethnologie. (de)
- Seni batu atau seni cadas (Rock Art) adalah landscape art (seni bentangalam) berupa gambar, motif, atau desain yang terletak di alam seperti karang, gua (dinding maupun langit-langit), dan di hamparan tanah (Whitley. 2005). Lukisan purba merupakan fenomena di dalam dunia arkeologi yang terdapat di banyak tempat di dunia. Lukisan Purba terbagi atas beberapa bagian berdasarkan tempatnya, antara lain pictographs (melukis dan menggambar), petroglyps ( pengukir dan memahat), earth figures (lukisan bumi), beberapa arkeolog juga memasukkan terowongan dan alur yang dibuat manusia sebagai bagian dari lukisan purba. (in)
- 암면미술(巖面美術, 프랑스어: art rupestre, 영어: rock art)은 암벽이나 암괴에 그리거나 새겨진 채화(彩畫), 각화(刻畵), 부조를 일컫는다. 동굴 암벽에 행한 채화·각화(동굴벽화)와 암굴부조(暗窟浮彫)는 유럽 구석기시대 후기의 프랑코 칸타브리아 지방 미술에 국한된다. 암굴채화는 레반트 미술, 사하라 미술, 부시맨 미술, 인도 선사미술, 오스트레일리아 미술 등에 나타나며 암굴·암면·암괴의 각화는 미국의 네바다나 동캘리포니아, 페루, 칠레, 볼리비아, 중국 감숙성, 한국, 오만, 시리아 등 세계 각지에서 발견된다. 또한 뉴기니 인이나 서아프리카의 도곤족처럼 현존 부족민에 의해서도 암굴채화가 그려지고 있다. 채화의 안료로는 철산화물, 망간산화물, 석회석, 목탄 등에서 얻어진 황, 적, 갈, 흑, 백색 등으로 청색 계통은 없다. 각화에는 선(線)각화와 고타법(敲打法)에 의한 방법 등이 있다. (ko)
- Een rotstekening is een getekende afbeelding op rotsen. Men kan hierbij twee grote groepen onderscheiden: * Tekeningen in grotten, deze zijn meestal met pigmenten vervaardigd * Tekeningen op rotsen in de open lucht, deze hebben meestal de vorm van petrogliefen (nl)
- L'art rupestre és un tipus d'art que es plasma en les roques, generalment a l'interior de coves, grutes, cavernes o abrics, que forma part de l'art prehistòric. Aquest és un terme emprat en arqueologia, i s'han localitzat mostres d'art rupestre arreu del món. L'art rupestre pot haver estat produït en diversos contextos, per bé que la majoria s'ha interpretat com el fruit d'un ritual. El màxim representant de l'art rupestre són les pintures rupestres, però també hi ha els petròglifs (excavats a la superfície de la roca) i les figures antropomorfes excavades a terra. (ca)
- In archaeology, rock art is human-made markings placed on natural surfaces, typically vertical stone surfaces. A high proportion of surviving historic and prehistoric rock art is found in caves or partly enclosed rock shelters; this type also may be called cave art or parietal art. A global phenomenon, rock art is found in many culturally diverse regions of the world. It has been produced in many contexts throughout human history. In terms of technique, the main groups are: (en)
- L'expression « art rupestre » (du latin rupes, « roche ») désigne l'ensemble des œuvres d'art au sens large (sans appréciation esthétique) réalisées par l'Homme sur des rochers, le plus souvent en plein air. Il est parfois opposé à l'art pariétal (du latin parietalis, « relatif aux murs », art sur parois de grottes en intérieur), mais aussi à l'art mobilier (que l'on peut déplacer) et à l'. Cette forme d'art occupe une part majeure dans l'art préhistorique. Sa pratique est restée continue jusqu'à nos jours ; elle n'est pas le fruit d'une ethnie ou d'une culture particulière, mais relativement universelle. (fr)
- Arte rupestre é o termo que denomina as representações artísticas pré-históricas realizadas em paredes, tetos e outras superfícies de cavernas e abrigos rochosos, ou mesmo sobre superfícies rochosas ao ar livre. A arte rupestre divide-se em dois tipos: a pintura rupestre, composições realizadas com pigmentos, e a gravura rupestre, imagens gravadas em incisões na própria rocha. (pt)
- Rock art (en)
- فن صخري (ar)
- Art rupestre (ca)
- Felsbild (de)
- Roka arto (eo)
- Seni batu (in)
- Art rupestre (fr)
- 암면 미술 (ko)
- Rotstekening (nl)
- Arte rupestre (pt)
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