Peel tower (original) (raw)
Peel tower (auch Pele tower) nennt man eine besondere Konstruktionsart von Gebäuden, die hauptsächlich zu beiden Seiten entlang der englisch-schottischen Grenze in Gegenden zu finden sind, die in früheren Zeiten unter Überfällen der Border Reivers zu leiden hatten. Ihre Form erinnert an frühmittelalterliche Bergfriede, sie gelten zudem als die Vorläufer der Tower Houses. Der Name wird zwar auf das lateinische Wort „pilum“ zurückgeführt, bedeutet hier aber „Pfosten“ oder „angespitzte Stange“.
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| dbo:abstract | Les torres Peel són una sèrie de petites cases-torre fortificades construïdes a la frontera entre Escòcia i Anglaterra a la fi de l'edat mitjana. Funcionaven també com a torres vigía que encenien focs a manera de senyals per avisar de possibles perills. Una acta parlamentària de 1455 va obligar a les torres a disposar del material necessari per a aquests senyals. Una línia d'aquestes torres es va construir a la dècada de 1430 a la vall del riu Tweed, des del seu naixement fins a Berwick-upon-Tweed, com a resposta al possible perill que comportaven les marques angleses. Al seu torn Anglaterra va construir torres a Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmorland i Yorkshire del Nord per por d'invasions escoceses. (ca) Peel tower (auch Pele tower) nennt man eine besondere Konstruktionsart von Gebäuden, die hauptsächlich zu beiden Seiten entlang der englisch-schottischen Grenze in Gegenden zu finden sind, die in früheren Zeiten unter Überfällen der Border Reivers zu leiden hatten. Ihre Form erinnert an frühmittelalterliche Bergfriede, sie gelten zudem als die Vorläufer der Tower Houses. Der Name wird zwar auf das lateinische Wort „pilum“ zurückgeführt, bedeutet hier aber „Pfosten“ oder „angespitzte Stange“. (de) Las torres Peel son una serie de pequeñas casas-torre fortificadas construidas en la frontera entre Escocia e Inglaterra a finales de la Edad Media. Funcionaban también como torres vigía que encendían fuegos a modo de señales para avisar de posibles peligros. Un acta parlamentaria de 1455 obligó a las torres a disponer del material necesario para dichas señales. Una línea de estas torres se construyó en la década de 1430 en el valle del río Tweed, desde su nacimiento hasta Berwick-upon-Tweed, como respuesta al posible peligro que entrañaban las marcas inglesas. A su vez Inglaterra construyó torres en Northumberland, Cumberland, y Yorkshire del Norte por miedo a invasiones escocesas. (es) Peel towers (also spelt pele) are small fortified keeps or tower houses, built along the English and Scottish borders in the Scottish Marches and North of England, mainly between the mid-14th century and about 1600. They were free-standing with defence being a prime consideration of their design with "confirmation of status and prestige" also playing a role. They also functioned as watch towers where signal fires could be lit by the garrison to warn of approaching danger. The FISH Vocabulary Monument Types Thesaurus lists "pele" alongside "bastle", "fortified manor house" and "tower house" under the broader term "fortified house". Pevsner defines a peel as simply a stone tower. Outside of this, "peel" or "pele" can also be used in related contexts, for example a "pele" or "barmkin" (in Ireland a bawn) was an enclosure where livestock were herded in times of danger. The rustling of livestock was an inevitable part of Border raids, and often their main purpose. In this usage, the tower usually stood at a corner of the pele. Most pele enclosure walls have not survived, and some towers perhaps never had them. Some, known as a "vicar's pele", housed the local vicar but could also serve as a refuge for the whole community. (en) Une peel tower (en français "tour peel", également orthographié pele) est un petit donjon fortifié ou maison-tour, construit le long de la frontière entre l'Angleterre et l'Écosse, dans les Marches écossaises et le Nord de l'Angleterre, principalement entre le milieu du XIVe siècle et 1600. Les peel towers étaient autonomes, la défense étant une considération primordiale de leur conception. La confirmation du statut et du prestige du propriétaire jouait aussi un rôle. Ils fonctionnaient également comme des tours de guet, où des feux de signalisation pouvaient être allumés par la garnison pour avertir d'un danger imminent. Autour se trouvait en général un mur enserrant une cour. Ce mur, appelé "pele" ou " " (en Irlande un ) était une enceinte où le bétail était rassemblé en temps de danger. Le vol du bétail était une partie inévitable des raids frontaliers, et souvent leur objectif principal. La tour se tenait généralement à un coin du mur. La plupart des murs de pele n'ont pas survécu et certaines tours n'en ont peut-être jamais eu. Certains, connus sous le nom de « pele du vicaire », se trouvaient dans les villages pour l'usage de toute la communauté. (fr) Una peel tower (o pele) è una piccola casatorre o un dongione fortificato, costruiti tra il confine di Inghilterra e Scozia, nella regione nord dell'Inghilterra (Northern England). Venivano utilizzati come torri d'osservazione o come segnalatore di pericolo per allertare le guarnigioni di un rischio imminente. Nel 1455 un atto del parlamento inglese ogni torre peel doveva avere sulla sua sommità un cesto metallico per poter utilizzare segnali di fumo o di fuoco a seconda se si trattasse di allarmi diurni o notturni. Una linea di torri fu costruita nel 1430 lungo il letto del fiume Tweed, da Berwick-upon-Tweed fino alla sua sorgente, come risposta al pericolo di un'invasione della marca. Altre vennero costruite nello Cumberland, nel Westmorland, nel Northumberland, nello Yorkshire in risposta agli attacchi degli scozzesi e al Border Reivers. Queste torri, oltre alla loro funzione primaria come sistema di allerta, erano anche usate come alloggio da persone appartenenti ai gentry. Inoltre la torre poteva servire anche da rifugio, quindi nel caso di invasioni la popolazione dei villaggi poteva rifugiarsi in queste torri, fino a che i saccheggiatori non se ne fossero andati. Questo tipo di torri solitamente non si trovavano in spazi grandi che già avevano un castello, ma in piccoli villaggi. A volte venivano unite alle chiese; ad esempio la torre Embleton nel paese di Embleton. A Hawkshaw, casa della famiglia Porteous, si trovava una torre peel datata 1439; ora ad indicare la sua presenza vi è un ometto. Oggigiorno alcune di queste torri non sono altro che dei ruderi, altre sono state trasformate nei tempi di pace; ad esempio, sempre la torre Embleton ospita una casa per il birdwatching. (it) As torres de cascalho (também conhecidas como Torre peel ou Torre pele) são pequenas casas fortificadas ou casa-torre, construídas ao longo das fronteiras inglesa e escocesa nas e no norte da Inglaterra, destinadas a observação onde os sinais de fogo podem ser acesos pela guarnição para alertar sobre o perigo que se aproxima. (pt) |
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| dbp:accessDate | 2018-07-30 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:desc | Strickland's Pele Tower and Penrith Castle (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Peel tower (auch Pele tower) nennt man eine besondere Konstruktionsart von Gebäuden, die hauptsächlich zu beiden Seiten entlang der englisch-schottischen Grenze in Gegenden zu finden sind, die in früheren Zeiten unter Überfällen der Border Reivers zu leiden hatten. Ihre Form erinnert an frühmittelalterliche Bergfriede, sie gelten zudem als die Vorläufer der Tower Houses. Der Name wird zwar auf das lateinische Wort „pilum“ zurückgeführt, bedeutet hier aber „Pfosten“ oder „angespitzte Stange“. (de) As torres de cascalho (também conhecidas como Torre peel ou Torre pele) são pequenas casas fortificadas ou casa-torre, construídas ao longo das fronteiras inglesa e escocesa nas e no norte da Inglaterra, destinadas a observação onde os sinais de fogo podem ser acesos pela guarnição para alertar sobre o perigo que se aproxima. (pt) Les torres Peel són una sèrie de petites cases-torre fortificades construïdes a la frontera entre Escòcia i Anglaterra a la fi de l'edat mitjana. Funcionaven també com a torres vigía que encenien focs a manera de senyals per avisar de possibles perills. Una acta parlamentària de 1455 va obligar a les torres a disposar del material necessari per a aquests senyals. (ca) Las torres Peel son una serie de pequeñas casas-torre fortificadas construidas en la frontera entre Escocia e Inglaterra a finales de la Edad Media. Funcionaban también como torres vigía que encendían fuegos a modo de señales para avisar de posibles peligros. Un acta parlamentaria de 1455 obligó a las torres a disponer del material necesario para dichas señales. (es) Peel towers (also spelt pele) are small fortified keeps or tower houses, built along the English and Scottish borders in the Scottish Marches and North of England, mainly between the mid-14th century and about 1600. They were free-standing with defence being a prime consideration of their design with "confirmation of status and prestige" also playing a role. They also functioned as watch towers where signal fires could be lit by the garrison to warn of approaching danger. (en) Une peel tower (en français "tour peel", également orthographié pele) est un petit donjon fortifié ou maison-tour, construit le long de la frontière entre l'Angleterre et l'Écosse, dans les Marches écossaises et le Nord de l'Angleterre, principalement entre le milieu du XIVe siècle et 1600. Les peel towers étaient autonomes, la défense étant une considération primordiale de leur conception. La confirmation du statut et du prestige du propriétaire jouait aussi un rôle. Ils fonctionnaient également comme des tours de guet, où des feux de signalisation pouvaient être allumés par la garnison pour avertir d'un danger imminent. (fr) Una peel tower (o pele) è una piccola casatorre o un dongione fortificato, costruiti tra il confine di Inghilterra e Scozia, nella regione nord dell'Inghilterra (Northern England). Venivano utilizzati come torri d'osservazione o come segnalatore di pericolo per allertare le guarnigioni di un rischio imminente. Nel 1455 un atto del parlamento inglese ogni torre peel doveva avere sulla sua sommità un cesto metallico per poter utilizzare segnali di fumo o di fuoco a seconda se si trattasse di allarmi diurni o notturni. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Torre peel (ca) Peel tower (de) Torres Peel (es) Peel tower (fr) Peel tower (it) Peel tower (en) Torre peel (pt) |
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