Radical War (original) (raw)
- La Guerra Radical, también conocida como la Insurrección Escocesa de 1820, fue una semana de huelgas y disturbios en Escocia, una culminación de las demandas radicales de reforma en el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda que habían cobrado importancia en los primeros años de la Revolución Francesa, pero que luego habían sido reprimidas durante las largas Guerras Napoleónicas. La recesión económica que siguió a las guerras provocó un creciente descontento, pero la causa fundamental fue la Revolución Industrial. Los trabajadores artesanales, en particular los tejedores de Escocia, intentaron actuar para obligar al gobierno a promulgar restricciones protectoras luditas. La nobleza, temiendo los horrores revolucionarios, reclutó milicias y el gobierno desplegó un aparato de espías, informadores y agentes provocadores para acabar con el movimiento. Un Comité de Organización para la Formación de un Gobierno Provisional colocó pancartas por las calles de Glasgow a última hora del sábado 1 de abril, llamando a una huelga nacional inmediata. El lunes 3 de abril se detuvo el trabajo en una amplia zona del centro de Escocia y, en un torbellino de acontecimientos desordenados, un pequeño grupo marchó hacia la fábrica de hierro de la Carron Company para apoderarse de las armas, pero cuando se detuvo en Bonnymuir fue atacado por los húsares. Otro pequeño grupo de Strathaven marchó al encuentro de una supuesta fuerza mayor, pero fueron advertidos de una emboscada y se dispersaron. Los milicianos que llevaban prisioneros a la cárcel de Greenock fueron atacados por la población local y los prisioneros fueron liberados. James Wilson, de Strathaven, fue señalado como líder de la marcha allí, y en Glasgow fue ejecutado en la horca y luego decapitado. De los apresados por el ejército británico en Bonnymuir, y fueron ejecutados de forma similar en Stirling tras pronunciar breves discursos desafiantes. Otros veinte radicales fueron condenados a transporte penal. Se sospechaba que los agentes del gobierno habían fomentado activamente los disturbios para sacar a los radicales a la luz. La insurrección fue olvidada en gran medida, ya que la atención se centró en los acontecimientos radicales mejor publicitados en Inglaterra. Dos años más tarde, el entusiasmo por la visita del rey Jorge IV a Escocia impulsó con éxito el sentimiento lealista, dando paso a una nueva identidad nacional escocesa. (es)
- 1820ko Eskoziako insurrekzioa edo Erradikalen gerra, astebetez luzatu zen greba eta gatazka garaiari deitzen zaio, Britainia Handian eta Irlandan erreforma eragiteko Erradikalek sustatu zutena. Aldarrikapen horiek Frantses iraultzaren hasietatik zetozen baina gogorki erreprimituan izan ziren Napoleondar gerren garaian. (eu)
- The Radical War, also known as the Scottish Insurrection of 1820, was a week of strikes and unrest in Scotland, a culmination of Radical demands for reform in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which had become prominent in the early years of the French Revolution, but had then been repressed during the long Napoleonic Wars. An economic downturn after the wars ended brought increasing unrest, but the root cause was the Industrial Revolution. Artisan workers, particularly weavers in Scotland, sought action to force the government to enact Luddite protective restrictions. Gentry fearing revolutionary horrors recruited militia and the government deployed an apparatus of spies, informers and agents provocateurs to stamp out the movement. A Committee of Organisation for Forming a Provisional Government put placards around the streets of Glasgow late on Saturday 1 April, calling for an immediate national strike. On Monday 3 April work stopped in a wide area of central Scotland and in a swirl of disorderly events a small group marched towards the Carron Company ironworks to seize weapons, but while stopped at Bonnymuir they were attacked by Hussars. Another small group from Strathaven marched to meet a rumoured larger force, but were warned of an ambush and dispersed. Militia taking prisoners to Greenock jail were attacked by local people and the prisoners released. James Wilson of Strathaven was singled out as a leader of the march there, and at Glasgow was executed by hanging, then decapitated. Of those seized by the British Army at Bonnymuir, John Baird and Andrew Hardie were similarly executed at Stirling after making short defiant speeches. Twenty other Radicals were sentenced to penal transportation. It was suspected that government agents had actively fomented the unrest to bring radicals into the open. The insurrection was largely forgotten as attention focussed on better publicised Radical events in England. Two years later, enthusiasm for the visit of King George IV to Scotland successfully boosted loyalist sentiment, ushering in a new-found Scottish national identity. (en)
- L'insurrezione scozzese del 1820 , nota anche come Radical War, fu una settimana di scioperi e di agitazioni, a culmine delle richieste di riforma radicali nel Regno Unito, che erano diventate importante nei primi anni della Rivoluzione francese, ma che erano state represse dopo le lunghe guerre napoleoniche. Una crisi economica dopo la fine delle guerre fece aumentare le agitazioni. Gli artigiani, in particolare i tessitori in Scozia, cercarono l'azione per riformare un governi indifferente, la piccola nobiltà temeva gli orrori di una rivoluzione e cominciò a reclutare le milizie, mentre il governo dispose un apparato di spie, informatori e di agenti provocatori per soffocare il movimento. Un comitato di organizzazione per formare un governo provvisorio mise dei cartelli in giro per Glasgow il primo aprile, dichiarando uno sciopero nationale immediato. Il 3 aprile il lavoro si fermò nell'intera area di centrale della Scozia ed in un turbinio di eventi disordinati un piccolo gruppo marciò verso la Ferriera per sequestrare armi, ma mentre sostavano a furono attaccati dagli Ussari. Un altro piccolo gruppo da Strathaven marciò per incontrare un gruppo più folto, ma furono avvertiti di un agguato e si dispersero. La milizia fece dei prigionieri nella prigione di Greenock, ma furono attaccati dai locali e liberarono i prigionieri. di Strathaven è stato individuato come uno dei leader della marcia là e a Glasgow fu impiccato e poi decapitato.Di quelli sequestrati dall'esercito britannico a Bonnymuir, John Baird e Andrew Hardie furono uccisi a Stirling dopo aver fatto un breve discorso. Altri venti Radicali furono deportati. Divenne evidente che gli agenti di governo avessero attivamente fomentato le agitazioni per portare i radicali allo scoperto. L'insurrezione fu in gran parte dimenticata, poiché l'attenzione fu focalizzata sugli eventi radicali meglio pubblicizzati. Due anni dopo, l'entusiasmo per la potenziò con successo il sentimento lealista, inaugurando una nuova . (it)
- http://www.electricscotland.com/history/1820/
- https://archive.today/20130416013949/http:/www.scotsindependent.org/features/orgs/1820.htm
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- https://web.archive.org/web/20050601082305/http:/www.gcal.ac.uk/radicalglasgow/chapters/1820_insurrection.html
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- https://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/myths_legends/scotland/strathclyde/article_1.shtml
- http://www.nts.org.uk/web/site/home/visit/places/Property.asp%3FPropID=10052&NavPage=10052&NavId=5117
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- 1820ko Eskoziako insurrekzioa edo Erradikalen gerra, astebetez luzatu zen greba eta gatazka garaiari deitzen zaio, Britainia Handian eta Irlandan erreforma eragiteko Erradikalek sustatu zutena. Aldarrikapen horiek Frantses iraultzaren hasietatik zetozen baina gogorki erreprimituan izan ziren Napoleondar gerren garaian. (eu)
- La Guerra Radical, también conocida como la Insurrección Escocesa de 1820, fue una semana de huelgas y disturbios en Escocia, una culminación de las demandas radicales de reforma en el Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda que habían cobrado importancia en los primeros años de la Revolución Francesa, pero que luego habían sido reprimidas durante las largas Guerras Napoleónicas. (es)
- The Radical War, also known as the Scottish Insurrection of 1820, was a week of strikes and unrest in Scotland, a culmination of Radical demands for reform in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland which had become prominent in the early years of the French Revolution, but had then been repressed during the long Napoleonic Wars. (en)
- L'insurrezione scozzese del 1820 , nota anche come Radical War, fu una settimana di scioperi e di agitazioni, a culmine delle richieste di riforma radicali nel Regno Unito, che erano diventate importante nei primi anni della Rivoluzione francese, ma che erano state represse dopo le lunghe guerre napoleoniche. (it)
- Guerra Radical (es)
- 1820ko Eskoziako insurrekzioa (eu)
- Insurrezione scozzese del 1820 (it)
- Radical War (en)
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