Ramakrishna (original) (raw)
Šrí Rámakršna, bengálsky রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস (18. únor 1836, – 16. srpen 1886, Kalkata) byl indický mystik a hinduistický filozof, klíčová postava hinduismu 19. století. Často byl nazýván titulem („nejvyšší labuť“). Byl učitelem Svámí Vivékánandy. Krom hinduismu přijal i islám a křesťanství.
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dbo:abstract | Ramakrishna , nascut amb el nom de Gadadhar Chatterji o Gadadhar Chattopadhyay va ser un místic i iogui indi del segle xix. Va néixer en una família de bramans vixnuis en una zona rural de Bengala i va esdevenir sacerdot al temple de Kali a Dakshineswar, d'influència bhakti. Durant anys va practicar exercicis espirituals de diverses confessions, i va afirmar haver tingut revelacions practicant el cristianisme, l'islam, entre d'altres disciplines religioses. Era marit de Sarada Devi que fou la seva companya espiritual. Devot de Kali i mestre Advaita Vedanta, professaven que "totes les religions estan buscant el mateix objectiu" i que l'espiritualitat s'ha de col·locar per sobre de tots els rituals. Va posar èmfasi en la universalitat del camí del bhakti (devoció). És considerat "un dels més grans mestres de l'Índia de tots els temps". Va ser reconegut entre els seus seguidors com un asceta practicant del tantra i és considerat per molts dels seus seguidors un avatar o encarnació divina. Entre els seus deixebles destaquen Brahmananda o Vivekananda. Gràcies a l'admiració per a ell de les elits bengalís es va financiar la creació de la Missió Ramakrishna de la mà del Swami Vivekananda amb l'ajut de Sarada Devi. (ca) كان راماكريشنا (فبراير 1836 – 16 أغسطس 1886)، ولد باسم غاداذار تشاتوبادياي ، صوفيًا هنديا مشهورًا في القرن التاسع عشر. وأدى مذهبه الفكري الدسني إلى تشكيل بعثة راماكريشنا (Ramakrishna Mission) على يد تلميذه النجيب سوامي فيفكانادا (Swami Vivekananda) – وكان كلاهما شخصيتين مؤثرتين في النهضة البنغالية فضلاً عن إحياء الهندوسية|النهضة الهندوسية خلال القرن التاسع عشر والقرن العشرين. ويعتقد العديد من تلامذته ومريديه بأنه كان رمزًا أو تجسيدًا للإله. كما يلقبه مريدوه أيضًا بصفته "براماهمسا"، وهو معروف شعبيًا أيضًا بلقب راماكريشنا براماهمسا (Ramkrishna Paramhamsa). ولد راماكريشنا في عائلة كهنوتية (Brahmin) فايشنافا (Vaishnava) فقيرة في البنغال الريفية. وأصبح كاهنًا في عبد دكشينسور كالي (Dakshineswar Kali Temple)، مكرسًا نفسه لخدمة الإلهة كالي (Kali)، الذي كان له بالغ الأثر في تقاليد بهاكتي (bhakti) البنغالية. كان أكثر المعروفين من بين معلميه الروحيين الأوائل امرأة تدعى بهايرافي برهماني (Bhairavi Brahmani) ماهرة في التانترا (Tantra) وبهاكتي (bhakti) فشنافا. في وقت لاحق، قام زاهد من أتباع مذهب أدفياتا فيدانتا (Advaita Vedantin) بتعليمه التأمل غير المزدوج، ووفقًا لراماكريشنا، فإنه قد خاض تجربة نيرفيكالبا سامادهي (nirvikalpa samadhi) تحت توجيهه. كما جرب راماكريشنا الديانات الأخرى، ولاسيما الإسلام والمسيحية، وقال أنها تؤدي جميعًا إلى إله واحد. وعلى الرغم من أنه ترك التعليم التقليدي، إلا أنه جذب انتباه الطبقة الوسطى، والطبقة المتوسطة العليا والعديد من المفكرين البنغالييين. وكان لرامكرشنا براماهمسا ستون تلميذًا (عدا فيفكانادا سوامي) أصبحوا رهبانًا لرتبة الرامكرشنا؛ وغالبًا ما يتم اعتبارهم حواريين له. وقد لعب هؤلاء الحوارييون دورًا مهمًا في حركة رامكرشنا فيفكانادا (Ramakrishna-Vivekananda). حقائق مختلفة من كتاب راجاجوبال تشاكرابارتي، "سوامي فيفكانادا في الهند"، المنشور سنة 1999. صفحة 75: تتكلم عن ليلة عيد الميلاد (Christmas Eve)، 1886، كيف أنهم أوقدوا النار وأخذوا العهود (بدون أسماء). كان هؤلاء هم ناريندرا (Narendra)، وبابورام (Baburam)، وشارات (Sharat)، وطاراق (Tarak)، وكالي (Kali)، ونيرانجان (Niranjan)، وجانجادهار (Gangadhar)، ووسارادا براسانا (Sarada Prasanna). وفي يناير 1887، قاموا بعمل مدرسة فيراجا هوما (Viraja Homa)، (سانياس) التي أصبحت فيفيديشاناندا (Vividishananda) (فيفكانادا سابقًا)، وبراهامندا (Brahmananda)، وبريمانندا (Premananda)، وراماكرشناناداRamakrishnananda، وسارادناندا (Saradananda)، أبجيداناندا (Abjedananda). وبعد بضعة أيام قاموا بعمل شيفاناندا (Shivananda) وأدفيتاناندا (Advaitananda). عملت اليوغاناندا (Yogananda) هوما (homa) في وقت لاحق من ذلك العام وآخرين في أوقات مختلفة من أعوام لاحقة. ولم يتخذ فيفيكانندا هذا الاسم حتى عام 1893. ويُقال أن اثنين من الإشواراكوتيين لم يكونا رهبانًا وأنهم تزوجوا، وهما بهافاناث (Bhavanath) وبورنا (Purna). كما تزوج أيضًا كلٌ من يوغاناندا (Yogananda) وشيفاناندا (Shivananda) في وقت من الأوقات. احتفظ راماكريشنا بملابس مغرة للرهبان الإثنى عشر، بما في ذلك غوش جيريش. كما أن العديد من الرهبان لم ير رامكريشنا سوى مرات قليلة. وقد مارس فيفكانادا مراسم النار ليلة عيد الميلاد في الخامس والعشرين من ديسمبر، 1886؛ بعد وفاة سري رامكريشنا في 16 أغسطس، 1886. (ar) Šrí Rámakršna, bengálsky রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস (18. únor 1836, – 16. srpen 1886, Kalkata) byl indický mystik a hinduistický filozof, klíčová postava hinduismu 19. století. Často byl nazýván titulem („nejvyšší labuť“). Byl učitelem Svámí Vivékánandy. Krom hinduismu přijal i islám a křesťanství. (cs) Ο Ραμακρίσνα Παραμαχάμσα (Βεγγαλικά: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, (βοήθεια·πολυμέσα), 18 Φεβρουαρίου 1836 – 16 Αυγούστου 1886, όνομα γέννησης: Γκανταντχάρ Τσάτερτζι ή Τσατοπαντιάι), γνωστός και ως Σρι Ραμακρίσνα, ήταν Ινδός ασκητής και ο οποίος έζησε τον 19ο αιώνα. Γεννήθηκε στο χωριό Καμαρκουπούρ στα βορειοδυτικά της Καλκούτας. Καταγόταν από μία φτωχή οικογένεια Βραχμάνων. Δεν γνώριζε ούτε Αγγλικά ούτε Σανσκριτικά. Σε ηλικία 17 ετών ταξίδεψε στον ναό της Κάλι στο , ο οποίος αποτέλεσε τον κύριο τόπο κατοικίας του για την υπόλοιπη ζωή του. Το 1859 παντρεύτηκε την Σαράντα Ντέβι με την οποία διατηρούσε μόνο πνευματική σχέση. Ως προς τις Ινδουιστικές λατρείες, ήταν γνωστός για την αφοσίωση του στη θεά Κάλι, την Τάντρα και , και την . Ήταν ιδιαίτερα δημοφιλής στην κοινωνία της Βεγγάλης, και ο κύριος μαθητής και εκπρόσωπος του υπήρξε ο Σουάμι Βιβεκανάντα ο οποίος μετέδωσε την διδασκαλία του διεθνώς παράλληλα με την διάδοση του Ινδουισμού. (el) Ŝri Ramakriŝna (1836 - 1886) estis bengala mistikulo. Li loĝis ĉe templo de la diino Kálí, kie li estis pastro. Li praktikis metodojn de preĝo kaj medito el multaj tradicioj, kaj li instruis pri la unueco de religioj. Multaj hinduoj adoras Ramakriŝnan kiel dian enkorpiĝon. Ŝri Ramakriŝna ne mem verkis librojn, sed post lia morto verkis disĉiploj pri lia vivo kaj liaj instruaĵoj. Ŝri Ramakriŝna komparis la diferencojn inter religioj kun diferencoj inter lingvoj. Li parolis pri uzantoj de malsamaj lingvoj, kiuj trinkas akvon el la sama rivero, sed nomas la akvon per malsamaj vortoj. Ĝuste tiel, laŭ li, anoj de malsamaj religioj trovas la saman finfinan realecon, kvankam ili nomas ĝin malsame. M.K.Gandhi skribis ke la vivo de Ramakriŝna "povigas nin vizaĝ-al-vizaĝe vidi Dion." (eo) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (Sanskrit: रामकृष्ण परमहंस; Bengalisch: , Rāmakṛṣṇa Paramahaṃsa, Geburtsname: Ramakrishna Chattopadhyay, in seiner Jugend Gadadhar oder Gadai genannt; * 18. Februar 1836 in , Bengalen; † 16. August 1886 in Kolkata) war ein bedeutender hinduistischer Mystiker. Paramahamsa ist ein religiöser Ehrentitel im Hinduismus. (de) Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa (Gadadhara Chattopadhyaya jaioa) erlijio-gizon hindua izan zen (Hooghly, Bengala, 1836ko otsailaren 18a - Kalkuta, 1886ko abuztuaren 16a). Bere garaian eragin handia izan zuen «» filosofia sistemaren jarraitzailea eta sustatzailea izan zen. Indian eta atzerrian hedatu zituen Ramakrishnaren ideiak haren ikaslea izan zen Vivekananda filosofo indiarrak. Belurren (Kalkutatik hurbil) bere izeneko erlijio-ordena sortu zuen 1897. urtean, gero munduko herri guztietara hedatu zuena. Ramana Maharshi filosofoa izan zen Ramakrishnaren tradizio mistikoaren jarraitzailea. (eu) Sri Ramakrishna . Su nombre era Gadadhar Chattopadhyay y fue un místico bengalí a quien muchos hindúes consideran un avatar o encarnación divina. Desde 1856 ejerció como sacerdote del templo de la diosa Kali en Dakshineswar y recibió instrucción para alcanzar la iluminación. Durante doce años practicó ejercicios espirituales bajo la guía de maestros de las más diversas inspiraciones y orientaciones religiosas, incluidos el cristianismo y el islam. Afirmó que por cada una de estas vías había alcanzado la iluminación (samādhi), por lo que afirmaba que los seguidores de todas las religiones podrían lograr la experiencia de la «Realidad Última», si su entrega a Dios fuera lo suficientemente intensa. Sus discípulos más importantes fueron los swamis Vivekananda y Brahmananda, que difundieron su mensaje a través de Oriente y Occidente. (es) Râmakrishna Paramahamsa, en bengali রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস (Ramkṛiṣṇo Pôromôhongśo), de son vrai nom Gadâdhar Chattopâdhyâya (গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায় (Gôdadhor Chôţţopaddhae), 18 février 1836 - Calcutta, 16 août 1886) est un mystique bengali hindou. Dévot de Kâlî et enseignant de l'Advaïta védanta, il professait que « toutes les religions recherchent le même but » et plaçait la spiritualité au-dessus de tout ritualisme. Il insista sur l'universalité de la voie de la bhakti (dévotion), ayant lui-même approché le christianisme et l'islam. Il est considéré comme « l'un des plus grands maîtres indiens de tous les temps » et serait un avatar de Vishnou. En 1897, onze ans après sa mort, son disciple le plus proche, Vivekananda, créa la « Mission Rāmakrishna » pour concrétiser le message de son maître en Inde et hors de l'Inde à travers l'existence d'écoles de spiritualité, collèges ou ashram. Ses enseignements sont dispensés en France au Centre Vedantique Ramakrishna à Gretz. (fr) Ba mhisteach Indiach é Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (: শ্রীরামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস) a chuaigh i mbun oibre mar mhanach de chuid na Hiondúch sa 19ú haois. Rinneadh naomh dó de thairbhe a chuid gníomhartha mar cheannaire reiligiúnach i mBeangál. Deirtear go raibh taithí aige ar an eacstais ag aois an-óg, agus gur tháinig sé faoi thionchar na dtraidisiún ilchineálach- deabhóid don bhandia Kali, don Tantra, don Bhakti, agus don Avaita Vedanta, ach go háirithe. Bhain sé cáil amach ag an Teampall Dakshineshwar Kali mar gheall ar an meon mistiúil a léirigh sé, agus de réir a chéile tharraing sé chuige roinnt múinteoirí spioradálta agus ceannairí sóisialta, chomh maith le lucht leanúna mór tuata; arna éirí leis deisceabail a earcú, bunaíodh an tOrd Ramakrishna. Bhí ana-chuid measa ag muintir Bheangál air, go háirithe an scothaicme, agus d'eascair gluaisceacht dá bharr: bhunaigh deisceabal dá chuid, Swami Vivikenanda, an Ramakrishna Math, eagraíocht a chuireann oiliúint spioradálta ar fáil do mhanaigh, agus an Misean Ramakrishna chun déirc, obair shóisialta agus oideachas a sholáthar. (ga) Ramakrishna (18 Februari 1836 – 16 Agustus 1886), nama lahir Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Gôdadhor Chôṭṭopaddhae), adalah seorang ahli mistis terkenal pada abad ke-19 di India. Sekolah keagamaannya kemudian membentuk formasi Misi Ramakrishna oleh muridnya Swami Vivekananda Ia juga disebut sebagai "" dari nama penghargaannya, karenanya ia sangat dikenal sebagai Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. (in) Ramakrishna Paramahansa (Bengali: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, romanized: Ramôkṛṣṇo Pôromohôṅso; pronounced [ramɔkriʂno pɔromoɦɔŋʃo], 18 February 1836 – 16 August 1886), also spelled Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, born Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya, was an Indian Hindu mystic and religious leader; who after adhering to various religious practices from the Hindu traditions of Bhakti yoga, Tantra, and Advaita Vedanta, as well as from Islam and Christianity, proclaimed the world's various religions as "so many paths to reach one and the same goal", thus validating the essential unity of religions. Ramakrishna's followers came to regard him as an avatara, or divine incarnation, as did some of the prominent Hindu scholars of his day. Quotation "I have practised all religions - Hinduism, Islam, Christianity - and I have also followed the paths of the different Hindu sects. I have found that it is the same God toward whom all are directing their steps, though along different paths. You must try all beliefs and traverse all the different ways once. Wherever I look, I see men quarrelling in the name of religion - Hindus, Mohammedans, Brahmos, Vaishnavas, and the rest. But they never reflect that He who is called Krishna is also called Siva, and bears the name of the Primal Energy, Jesus, and Allah as well - the same Rama with a thousand names. A lake has several Ghats. At one, the Hindus take water in pitchers and call it ' Jal ' ; at another the Mussalmans take water in leather bags and call it ' pani '. At a third the Christians call it ' water '. Can we imagine that it is not ' Jal ' , but only ' pani ' or ' water '? How ridiculous! The substance is One under different names, and everyone is seeking the same substance; only climate, temperament, and name create differences. Let each man follow his own path. If he sincerely and ardently wishes to know God, peace be unto him! He will surely realize Him." Ramakrishna, who experienced spiritual ecstasies from a young age, started his spiritual journey as a priest at the Dakshineshwar Kali Temple, built by Rani Rashmoni. Soon his mystical temperament gained him widespread acclaim amongst the general public as a Guru, attracting to him various religious teachers, social leaders, Bengali elites, and common people alike; initially reluctant to consider himself a guru, he eventually taught his disciples, who later formed the monastic Ramakrishna Order. After his demise, his chief disciple Swami Vivekananda popularized his ideas, and founded the Ramakrishna Math, which provides spiritual training for monastics and householder devotees, and the Ramakrishna Mission, to provide charity, social work and education. (en) Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায় in bengali), conosciuto come Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস in bengali) (Kamarpukur, 18 febbraio 1836 – Cossipore, 16 agosto 1886) è stato un mistico indiano.Ramakrishna è stato un importante mistico, nonché un guru, famoso per aver intrapreso i vari percorsi mistici delle principali religioni del mondo. I suoi insegnamenti enfatizzano la come più alto obiettivo della vita, lo sviluppare amore e devozione per Dio, l'unicità dell'esistenza, l'armonia e la sostanziale unità delle religioni. I discepoli di Ramakrishna, tra cui Swami Vivekananda, hanno dato vita ad un ordine inter-religioso, la , con lo scopo di diffondere l'idea di unicità del Divino e la validità di qualsiasi cammino religioso. (it) 라마크리슈나(Ramakrishna, 1836년~1886년)는 인도의 신비주의적 종교가이다. 캘커타 교외의 브라만 집안에서 태어났는데 사원(寺院)의 간부 승이 되어 칼리 여신을 숭배하였다. 너무 열심히 순수하게 숭배했기 때문에 때때로 기도에 열중할 때 삼매(三昧)의 경지에 도달하는 수가 있었는데 후에 숲 속에 들어가 12년 동안의 고행을 하여 신비적 체험을 쌓았다. 명상·고행을 중시하는 열렬한 비슈누파 교도였으나 이슬람교·기독교 등 각 종교에 대한 이해도 깊었으며 종교 진리는 결국 각 종교의 구별을 초월한 곳에 귀결한다고 깨닫게 되었다. 그리하여 끝내 모든 세속적 생활을 이탈한 학문과 덕이 함께 높다고 하는 파라마한사의 존칭을 받기에 이르렀다. 그는 학문에 통달한 것은 아니었으나 샹카라의 베단타 사상에 입각하여 합리주의의 지적 태도로서가 아니라 내발적(內發的)인 열정으로써 설법했기 때문에 많은 공명자를 얻기에 이르렀다. * 아내, 사라다 데비 * 라마크리슈나《콜카타, 1881년》 * 라마크리슈나의 대리석 동상《서벵골 주》 * 라마크리슈나가 태어난 오두막《카마르푸쿠르》 * 라마크리슈나 미션의 문장 (ko) Ramakryszna Paramahansa, śri Ramakryszna Paramahansa (dewanagari रामकृष्ण परमहंस, bn. রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস Ramkrishno Pôromôhongsho, ang. Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, ur. 18 lutego 1836 w , zm. 16 sierpnia 1886 w Kalkucie) – jeden z najważniejszych indyjskich świętych hinduizmu. Był ważną postacią renesansu bengalskiego. Nauczał jedności wszystkich religii, jedności istnienia, oddania Bogu, oraz że moksza to ostateczny cel istnienia. (pl) ラーマクリシュナ(Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, ベンガル語:রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস Ramkrishno Pôromôhongsho)、本名ガダーダル・チャットーパーディヤーエ(Gadadhar Chattopadhyay, ベンガル語:গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায় Gôdadhor Chôţţopaddhae、1836年2月18日 - 1886年8月16日)はインドのヒンドゥー教の出家者、弟子のヴィヴェーカーナンダらが創始した宗教団体ラーマクリシュナ・ミッションの宗祖。「シュリ・ラーマクリシュナ・パラマハンサ」とも呼ばれるが、「シュリ」は「聖」に当たる称号で、パラマハンサは聖者に対する尊称。インドでは中間層のグル、女優・劇場の守護聖人として慕われている。子供のような特異な人柄で、多くの人を魅了した。 知性ではなく神に純粋な信仰を捧げるバクティ(信愛)運動の系譜にあり、キリスト教・西洋思想の影響を受けたブラフモ・サマージらとは異なるの流れがラーマクリシュナの影響下で生じた。田舎の土俗のバラモンの生まれで、高度な教育を受ける機会はなく、聖典に興味を持たず、複雑な神学を説くこともなかった。様々な宗派・宗教での神秘体験によって、神々が多くの化身で現れる民衆のヒンドゥー教と、愛されるべき絶対万能の神、ブラフマンへの信仰を融合させており、ヴェーダーンタ学派に連なる思想であるとも言われる。ただし、ラーマクリシュナの思想と、師の示した真理であるという弟子のヴィヴェーカーナンダの思想はひとまとめに論じられてきたという経緯があり、ラーマクリシュナは聖人・宗祖として神聖視されているため、実際の思想の研究には困難が伴う。近年では、彼の信仰は慈悲深い母神としてのカーリー女神へのバクティを中核に形成されており、タントラ的な性格を持つことが分かってきている。 (ja) Sri Ramakrishna, geboren in West Bengalen als Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya , wordt beschouwd als de grootste Hindu mysticus van de 19e eeuw. Zijn leven is een lichtend voorbeeld van Godrealisatie. Volgens Ramakrishna is Godrealisatie het doel van het menselijk leven. Als eerste predikte hij dat daartoe niemand zich tot een andere religie hoeft te bekeren, maar dat elke religie, mits oprecht gevolgd, tot God leidt. Zijn voornaamste en bekendste monnik-discipel was swami Vivekananda (Calcutta, 12 januari 1863 - Howrah, 4 juli 1902). Ramakrishna's boodschap wordt, behalve in India, wereldwijd verspreid middels een aantal (Ramakrishna-Vivekananda) Vedanta Centra, met name in de Verenigde Staten en in Europa. (nl) Рамакри́шна Парамаха́мса (имя при рождении — Гададхар Чаттопадхьяй, бенг. রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, бенг. গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায়; 18 февраля 1836, , Бенгалия — 16 августа 1886, Калькутта) — индийский гуру, реформатор индуизма и проповедник. (ru) Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (Bengali: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস), nascido Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Bengali: গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায়), (Bengala, 18 de Fevereiro de 1836 – Calcutá, 16 de Agosto de 1886) foi um dos mais importantes líderes religiosos Hindus da Índia, e foi profundamente reverenciado por milhões de Hindus e não-Hindus como um mensageiro de Deus. Ramakrishna foi uma figura influente na do século XIX.Swami Vivekananda, um dos seus maiores discípulos descreveu Ramakrishna Paramahamsa como: "Ele que foi Rama, Ele que foi Krishna, agora é Ramakrishna neste corpo." (pt) Ramakrishna (sri Thakur Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, beng. শ্রীরামকৄষ্ঞ পরমহংস), född 18 februari 1836, död 16 augusti 1886, indisk filosof inom advaita, och själv Kalidyrkare. (sv) Рамакрішна Парамахамса (ім'я при народженні — Гададхар Чаттопадх'яй, бенг. রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায়; нар. 18 лютого 1836, , Бенгалія — пом. 16 серпня 1886, Калькутта) — індійський гуру, реформатор індуїзму, містик, проповідник. Рамакрішна був вчителем Свамі Вівекананда. Усупереч індійській традиції звертати увагу саме на вчення святих, збереглися справжні дані про нього і оточення завдяки тому, що його учні часто були досить освіченими. Найбільше інформації дійшло від , учня Шрі Рамакрішни, що написав його біографію «Шрі Рамакрішна Лілапрасанга». Книга перекладена англійською мовою у двох версіях: Swami Jagadananda Sri Ramakrishna The Great Master і Swami ChetananandaSri Ramakrishna and His Divine Play Найвідомішим записом вчення Рамакрішни є Шрі Рамакрішна Катхамріта, написана мовою бенгалі Махендранатхом Гуптою (Шрі М.), в англійському перекладі Swami NikhilanandaThe Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna. (uk) 拉瑪克里斯納,或譯羅摩奎師那、羅摩克里希那(本篇均簡稱拉瑪,孟加拉語: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস,,1836年2月18日-1886年8月16日),原名Gadadhar Chatterji或Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Gôdadhor Chôṭṭopaddhae),是19世紀極富影響力的印度神秘家暨瑜伽士。他在青年時期就已有過神秘的狂喜經驗,曾就教於各種教派,包括時母女神、譚崔、毘濕奴,以及不二論等。 拉瑪的言行舉止受到孟加拉社會菁英認可,視之為典範,因而促成的成立,這個機構由其大弟子斯瓦米·維韋卡南達所創,該組織將印度教的現代教義傳揚到全世界。不二論繼承者為他起了Ramakrishna Paramahamsa之名。 (zh) |
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dbp:birthDate | 1836-02-18 (xsd:date) |
dbp:birthName | Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya (en) |
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dbp:caption | Ramakrishna at Dakshineswar (en) |
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dbp:date | October 2022 (en) |
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dbp:order | Self-realization (en) |
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dbp:quote | "I have practised all religions - Hinduism, Islam, Christianity - and I have also followed the paths of the different Hindu sects. I have found that it is the same God toward whom all are directing their steps, though along different paths. You must try all beliefs and traverse all the different ways once. Wherever I look, I see men quarrelling in the name of religion - Hindus, Mohammedans, Brahmos, Vaishnavas, and the rest. But they never reflect that He who is called Krishna is also called Siva, and bears the name of the Primal Energy, Jesus, and Allah as well - the same Rama with a thousand names. A lake has several Ghats. At one, the Hindus take water in pitchers and call it ' Jal ' ; at another the Mussalmans take water in leather bags and call it ' pani '. At a third the Christians call it ' water '. Can we imagine that it is not ' Jal ' , but only ' pani ' or ' water '? How ridiculous! The substance is One under different names, and everyone is seeking the same substance; only climate, temperament, and name create differences. Let each man follow his own path. If he sincerely and ardently wishes to know God, peace be unto him! He will surely realize Him." (en) |
dbp:reason | The current source is insufficiently reliable . (en) |
dbp:religion | dbr:Hinduism |
dbp:school | dbr:Vedanta |
dbp:spouse | dbr:Sarada_Devi |
dbp:temple | dbr:Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple |
dbp:title | Quotation (en) Articles related to Ramakrishna (en) |
dbp:v | no (en) |
dbp:voy | no (en) |
dbp:width | 20 (xsd:integer) |
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dbp:wikt | no (en) |
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gold:hypernym | dbr:Yogi |
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rdfs:comment | Šrí Rámakršna, bengálsky রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস (18. únor 1836, – 16. srpen 1886, Kalkata) byl indický mystik a hinduistický filozof, klíčová postava hinduismu 19. století. Často byl nazýván titulem („nejvyšší labuť“). Byl učitelem Svámí Vivékánandy. Krom hinduismu přijal i islám a křesťanství. (cs) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (Sanskrit: रामकृष्ण परमहंस; Bengalisch: , Rāmakṛṣṇa Paramahaṃsa, Geburtsname: Ramakrishna Chattopadhyay, in seiner Jugend Gadadhar oder Gadai genannt; * 18. Februar 1836 in , Bengalen; † 16. August 1886 in Kolkata) war ein bedeutender hinduistischer Mystiker. Paramahamsa ist ein religiöser Ehrentitel im Hinduismus. (de) Sri Ramakrishna Paramahansa (Gadadhara Chattopadhyaya jaioa) erlijio-gizon hindua izan zen (Hooghly, Bengala, 1836ko otsailaren 18a - Kalkuta, 1886ko abuztuaren 16a). Bere garaian eragin handia izan zuen «» filosofia sistemaren jarraitzailea eta sustatzailea izan zen. Indian eta atzerrian hedatu zituen Ramakrishnaren ideiak haren ikaslea izan zen Vivekananda filosofo indiarrak. Belurren (Kalkutatik hurbil) bere izeneko erlijio-ordena sortu zuen 1897. urtean, gero munduko herri guztietara hedatu zuena. Ramana Maharshi filosofoa izan zen Ramakrishnaren tradizio mistikoaren jarraitzailea. (eu) Ramakrishna (18 Februari 1836 – 16 Agustus 1886), nama lahir Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Gôdadhor Chôṭṭopaddhae), adalah seorang ahli mistis terkenal pada abad ke-19 di India. Sekolah keagamaannya kemudian membentuk formasi Misi Ramakrishna oleh muridnya Swami Vivekananda Ia juga disebut sebagai "" dari nama penghargaannya, karenanya ia sangat dikenal sebagai Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. (in) 라마크리슈나(Ramakrishna, 1836년~1886년)는 인도의 신비주의적 종교가이다. 캘커타 교외의 브라만 집안에서 태어났는데 사원(寺院)의 간부 승이 되어 칼리 여신을 숭배하였다. 너무 열심히 순수하게 숭배했기 때문에 때때로 기도에 열중할 때 삼매(三昧)의 경지에 도달하는 수가 있었는데 후에 숲 속에 들어가 12년 동안의 고행을 하여 신비적 체험을 쌓았다. 명상·고행을 중시하는 열렬한 비슈누파 교도였으나 이슬람교·기독교 등 각 종교에 대한 이해도 깊었으며 종교 진리는 결국 각 종교의 구별을 초월한 곳에 귀결한다고 깨닫게 되었다. 그리하여 끝내 모든 세속적 생활을 이탈한 학문과 덕이 함께 높다고 하는 파라마한사의 존칭을 받기에 이르렀다. 그는 학문에 통달한 것은 아니었으나 샹카라의 베단타 사상에 입각하여 합리주의의 지적 태도로서가 아니라 내발적(內發的)인 열정으로써 설법했기 때문에 많은 공명자를 얻기에 이르렀다. * 아내, 사라다 데비 * 라마크리슈나《콜카타, 1881년》 * 라마크리슈나의 대리석 동상《서벵골 주》 * 라마크리슈나가 태어난 오두막《카마르푸쿠르》 * 라마크리슈나 미션의 문장 (ko) Ramakryszna Paramahansa, śri Ramakryszna Paramahansa (dewanagari रामकृष्ण परमहंस, bn. রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস Ramkrishno Pôromôhongsho, ang. Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, ur. 18 lutego 1836 w , zm. 16 sierpnia 1886 w Kalkucie) – jeden z najważniejszych indyjskich świętych hinduizmu. Był ważną postacią renesansu bengalskiego. Nauczał jedności wszystkich religii, jedności istnienia, oddania Bogu, oraz że moksza to ostateczny cel istnienia. (pl) Рамакри́шна Парамаха́мса (имя при рождении — Гададхар Чаттопадхьяй, бенг. রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, бенг. গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায়; 18 февраля 1836, , Бенгалия — 16 августа 1886, Калькутта) — индийский гуру, реформатор индуизма и проповедник. (ru) Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (Bengali: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস), nascido Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Bengali: গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায়), (Bengala, 18 de Fevereiro de 1836 – Calcutá, 16 de Agosto de 1886) foi um dos mais importantes líderes religiosos Hindus da Índia, e foi profundamente reverenciado por milhões de Hindus e não-Hindus como um mensageiro de Deus. Ramakrishna foi uma figura influente na do século XIX.Swami Vivekananda, um dos seus maiores discípulos descreveu Ramakrishna Paramahamsa como: "Ele que foi Rama, Ele que foi Krishna, agora é Ramakrishna neste corpo." (pt) Ramakrishna (sri Thakur Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, beng. শ্রীরামকৄষ্ঞ পরমহংস), född 18 februari 1836, död 16 augusti 1886, indisk filosof inom advaita, och själv Kalidyrkare. (sv) 拉瑪克里斯納,或譯羅摩奎師那、羅摩克里希那(本篇均簡稱拉瑪,孟加拉語: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস,,1836年2月18日-1886年8月16日),原名Gadadhar Chatterji或Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (Gôdadhor Chôṭṭopaddhae),是19世紀極富影響力的印度神秘家暨瑜伽士。他在青年時期就已有過神秘的狂喜經驗,曾就教於各種教派,包括時母女神、譚崔、毘濕奴,以及不二論等。 拉瑪的言行舉止受到孟加拉社會菁英認可,視之為典範,因而促成的成立,這個機構由其大弟子斯瓦米·維韋卡南達所創,該組織將印度教的現代教義傳揚到全世界。不二論繼承者為他起了Ramakrishna Paramahamsa之名。 (zh) كان راماكريشنا (فبراير 1836 – 16 أغسطس 1886)، ولد باسم غاداذار تشاتوبادياي ، صوفيًا هنديا مشهورًا في القرن التاسع عشر. وأدى مذهبه الفكري الدسني إلى تشكيل بعثة راماكريشنا (Ramakrishna Mission) على يد تلميذه النجيب سوامي فيفكانادا (Swami Vivekananda) – وكان كلاهما شخصيتين مؤثرتين في النهضة البنغالية فضلاً عن إحياء الهندوسية|النهضة الهندوسية خلال القرن التاسع عشر والقرن العشرين. ويعتقد العديد من تلامذته ومريديه بأنه كان رمزًا أو تجسيدًا للإله. كما يلقبه مريدوه أيضًا بصفته "براماهمسا"، وهو معروف شعبيًا أيضًا بلقب راماكريشنا براماهمسا (Ramkrishna Paramhamsa). (ar) Ramakrishna , nascut amb el nom de Gadadhar Chatterji o Gadadhar Chattopadhyay va ser un místic i iogui indi del segle xix. Va néixer en una família de bramans vixnuis en una zona rural de Bengala i va esdevenir sacerdot al temple de Kali a Dakshineswar, d'influència bhakti. Durant anys va practicar exercicis espirituals de diverses confessions, i va afirmar haver tingut revelacions practicant el cristianisme, l'islam, entre d'altres disciplines religioses. Era marit de Sarada Devi que fou la seva companya espiritual. (ca) Ο Ραμακρίσνα Παραμαχάμσα (Βεγγαλικά: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, (βοήθεια·πολυμέσα), 18 Φεβρουαρίου 1836 – 16 Αυγούστου 1886, όνομα γέννησης: Γκανταντχάρ Τσάτερτζι ή Τσατοπαντιάι), γνωστός και ως Σρι Ραμακρίσνα, ήταν Ινδός ασκητής και ο οποίος έζησε τον 19ο αιώνα. (el) Ŝri Ramakriŝna (1836 - 1886) estis bengala mistikulo. Li loĝis ĉe templo de la diino Kálí, kie li estis pastro. Li praktikis metodojn de preĝo kaj medito el multaj tradicioj, kaj li instruis pri la unueco de religioj. Multaj hinduoj adoras Ramakriŝnan kiel dian enkorpiĝon. Ŝri Ramakriŝna ne mem verkis librojn, sed post lia morto verkis disĉiploj pri lia vivo kaj liaj instruaĵoj. M.K.Gandhi skribis ke la vivo de Ramakriŝna "povigas nin vizaĝ-al-vizaĝe vidi Dion." (eo) Sri Ramakrishna . Su nombre era Gadadhar Chattopadhyay y fue un místico bengalí a quien muchos hindúes consideran un avatar o encarnación divina. Desde 1856 ejerció como sacerdote del templo de la diosa Kali en Dakshineswar y recibió instrucción para alcanzar la iluminación. Durante doce años practicó ejercicios espirituales bajo la guía de maestros de las más diversas inspiraciones y orientaciones religiosas, incluidos el cristianismo y el islam. (es) Ba mhisteach Indiach é Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (: শ্রীরামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস) a chuaigh i mbun oibre mar mhanach de chuid na Hiondúch sa 19ú haois. Rinneadh naomh dó de thairbhe a chuid gníomhartha mar cheannaire reiligiúnach i mBeangál. Deirtear go raibh taithí aige ar an eacstais ag aois an-óg, agus gur tháinig sé faoi thionchar na dtraidisiún ilchineálach- deabhóid don bhandia Kali, don Tantra, don Bhakti, agus don Avaita Vedanta, ach go háirithe. (ga) Ramakrishna Paramahansa (Bengali: রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, romanized: Ramôkṛṣṇo Pôromohôṅso; pronounced [ramɔkriʂno pɔromoɦɔŋʃo], 18 February 1836 – 16 August 1886), also spelled Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, born Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya, was an Indian Hindu mystic and religious leader; who after adhering to various religious practices from the Hindu traditions of Bhakti yoga, Tantra, and Advaita Vedanta, as well as from Islam and Christianity, proclaimed the world's various religions as "so many paths to reach one and the same goal", thus validating the essential unity of religions. Ramakrishna's followers came to regard him as an avatara, or divine incarnation, as did some of the prominent Hindu scholars of his day. (en) Râmakrishna Paramahamsa, en bengali রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস (Ramkṛiṣṇo Pôromôhongśo), de son vrai nom Gadâdhar Chattopâdhyâya (গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায় (Gôdadhor Chôţţopaddhae), 18 février 1836 - Calcutta, 16 août 1886) est un mystique bengali hindou. Dévot de Kâlî et enseignant de l'Advaïta védanta, il professait que « toutes les religions recherchent le même but » et plaçait la spiritualité au-dessus de tout ritualisme. Il insista sur l'universalité de la voie de la bhakti (dévotion), ayant lui-même approché le christianisme et l'islam. Il est considéré comme « l'un des plus grands maîtres indiens de tous les temps » et serait un avatar de Vishnou. (fr) Gadadhar Chattopadhyay (গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায় in bengali), conosciuto come Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস in bengali) (Kamarpukur, 18 febbraio 1836 – Cossipore, 16 agosto 1886) è stato un mistico indiano.Ramakrishna è stato un importante mistico, nonché un guru, famoso per aver intrapreso i vari percorsi mistici delle principali religioni del mondo. I suoi insegnamenti enfatizzano la come più alto obiettivo della vita, lo sviluppare amore e devozione per Dio, l'unicità dell'esistenza, l'armonia e la sostanziale unità delle religioni. (it) ラーマクリシュナ(Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, ベンガル語:রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস Ramkrishno Pôromôhongsho)、本名ガダーダル・チャットーパーディヤーエ(Gadadhar Chattopadhyay, ベンガル語:গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায় Gôdadhor Chôţţopaddhae、1836年2月18日 - 1886年8月16日)はインドのヒンドゥー教の出家者、弟子のヴィヴェーカーナンダらが創始した宗教団体ラーマクリシュナ・ミッションの宗祖。「シュリ・ラーマクリシュナ・パラマハンサ」とも呼ばれるが、「シュリ」は「聖」に当たる称号で、パラマハンサは聖者に対する尊称。インドでは中間層のグル、女優・劇場の守護聖人として慕われている。子供のような特異な人柄で、多くの人を魅了した。 (ja) Sri Ramakrishna, geboren in West Bengalen als Gadadhar Chattopadhyaya , wordt beschouwd als de grootste Hindu mysticus van de 19e eeuw. Zijn leven is een lichtend voorbeeld van Godrealisatie. Volgens Ramakrishna is Godrealisatie het doel van het menselijk leven. Als eerste predikte hij dat daartoe niemand zich tot een andere religie hoeft te bekeren, maar dat elke religie, mits oprecht gevolgd, tot God leidt. Zijn voornaamste en bekendste monnik-discipel was swami Vivekananda (Calcutta, 12 januari 1863 - Howrah, 4 juli 1902). (nl) Рамакрішна Парамахамса (ім'я при народженні — Гададхар Чаттопадх'яй, бенг. রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস, গদাধর চট্টোপাধ্যায়; нар. 18 лютого 1836, , Бенгалія — пом. 16 серпня 1886, Калькутта) — індійський гуру, реформатор індуїзму, містик, проповідник. Рамакрішна був вчителем Свамі Вівекананда. Найвідомішим записом вчення Рамакрішни є Шрі Рамакрішна Катхамріта, написана мовою бенгалі Махендранатхом Гуптою (Шрі М.), в англійському перекладі Swami NikhilanandaThe Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna. (uk) |
rdfs:label | Ramakrishna (en) راماكريشنا (ar) Ramakrishna (ca) Šrí Rámakršna (cs) Ramakrishna (de) Ραμακρίσνα (el) Ramakriŝna (eo) Ramakrishna (eu) Ramakrishna (es) Ramakrishna (ga) Ramakrishna (in) Râmakrishna (fr) Ramakrishna (it) 라마크리슈나 (ko) ラーマクリシュナ (ja) Ramakryszna Paramahansa (pl) Ramakrishna (nl) Ramakrishna (pt) Рамакришна (ru) Ramakrishna (sv) 拉瑪克里斯納 (zh) Рамакрішна (uk) |
rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Geschwind_syndrome |
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