| dbo:abstract |
'التقنين في المملكة المتحدة' تم تقديم التقنين بشكل مؤقت من قبل الحكومة البريطانية عدة مرات خلال القرن العشرين أثناء وبعد الحرب مباشرة. في بداية الحرب العالمية الثانية عام 1939، استوردت المملكة المتحدة 20٫000٫000 طن من الطعام بما فيهم 70 ٪ من الجبن والسكر و80٪ تقريبا من الفاكهة وحوالى 70٪ من الحبوب والدهون. كما استوردت المملكة المتحدة أكثر من نصف لحومها، واعتمدت على الأعلاف المستوردة لدعم إنتاجها المحلى في اللحوم. وقد كان عدد السكان المدنيين في البلاد حوالى 50 مليون نسمة. وقد كانت مهاجمة الشحنات المتجهة إلى بريطانيا وتقييد الصناعة البريطانية والضغط على بريطانيا بالتجويع هي إحدى الخطط الرئيسية للألمان في معركة الأطلسي. وللتعامل مع النقص الحاد الذي يحدث وضعت وزارة الأغذية نظام التقنين؛ ولشراء معظم المواد المقننة كان يجب على كل شخص أن يسجل في المحلات المختارة، وتم تزويده بكتاب تموين يحتوى على كوبونات، وتم تزويد صاحب المتجر بما يكفى من الطعام للعملاء المسجلين، وكان على المشترين أن يأخذوا معهم الكتب التمونيية عند التسوق بحيث يمكن إلغاء الكوبون الخاص بها. أدخلت الحكومة البريطانية التقنين المؤقت عدة مرات خلال القرن العشرين، في أثناء الحرب العالمية وبعدها مباشرة. في بداية الحرب العالمية الثانية عام 1939، كانت المملكة المتحدة تستورد 20 مليون طن من الطعام سنويًا، بما في ذلك 70% تقريبًا من الجبن والسكر، و 80% تقريبًا من الفاكهة و 70% تقريبًا من الحبوب والدهون، كما استوردت المملكة المتحدة أكثر من نصف حاجتها من اللحوم، واعتمدت على الأعلاف المستوردة لدعم إنتاج اللحوم المحلي. كان عدد السكان يبلغ حوالي 50 مليون نسمة. اعتمد الألمان إستراتيجية رئيسية في معركة الأطلسي تعتمد على مهاجمة سفن الشحن المتجهة إلى بريطانيا، وتقييد الصناعة البريطانية وربما تجويع الأمة حتى تخضع. للتعامل مع النقص الذي كان شديدًا في بعض الأحيان، اعتمدت وزارة الغذاء نظامًا للتقنين. لشراء معظم المواد التموينية، كان على كل شخص التسجيل في المتاجر المختارة، فيُزوّد بكتاب حصص يحتوي على كوبونات. زوّد أصحاب المتاجر بالطعام الكافي لعملائهم المسجلين. كان على المشترين تقديم كتب حصص غذائية عند التسوق حتى يتسنى للبائع إلغاء القسيمة أو القسائم لأنها متعلقة بمواد مُقنّنة. (ar) Al comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial el Reino Unido importó cerca de 55 millones de toneladas de alimentos por año, incluyendo más del 50% de la carne, 70% del queso y azúcar, cerca del 80% de las frutas y casi el 90% de los cereales y grasas. Una de las estrategias principales de las potencias del eje era atacar y hundir la marina mercante que abastecía al Reino Unido, haciendo que la industria británica se resintiera y fuera más débil (véase Batalla del Atlántico). (es) Le rationnement fut appliqué au Royaume-Uni par décision du gouvernement britannique à plusieurs reprises au cours du XXe siècle, en particulier en temps de guerre ou immédiatement après. (fr) Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war. At the start of the Second World War in 1939, the United Kingdom was importing 20 million long tons of food per year, including about 70% of its cheese and sugar, almost 80% of fruit and about 70% of cereals and fats. The UK also imported more than half of its meat and relied on imported feed to support its domestic meat production. The civilian population of the country was about 50 million. It was one of the principal strategies of the Germans in the Battle of the Atlantic to attack shipping bound for Britain, restricting British industry and potentially starving the nation into submission. To deal with sometimes extreme shortages, the Ministry of Food instituted a system of rationing. To buy most rationed items, each person had to register at chosen shops and was provided with a ration book containing coupons. The shopkeeper was provided with enough food for registered customers. Purchasers had to present ration books when shopping so that the coupon or coupons could be cancelled as these pertained to rationed items. Rationed items had to be purchased and paid for as usual, although their price was strictly controlled by the government and many essential foodstuffs were subsidised; rationing restricted what items and what amount could be purchased as well as what they would cost. Items that were not rationed could be scarce. Prices of some unrationed items were also controlled; prices for many items not controlled were unaffordably high for most people. During the Second World War rationing—not restricted to food—was part of a strategy including controlled prices, subsidies and government-enforced standards, with the goals of managing scarcity and prioritising the armed forces and essential services, and trying to make available to everyone an adequate and affordable supply of goods of acceptable quality. (en) Penjatahan di Britania Raya sempat diberlakukan beberapa kali pada abad ke-20 pada masa perang dan juga beberapa saat sesudahnya. Pada permulaan Perang Dunia II pada tahun 1939, Britania Raya mengimpor 20.000.000 ton makanan setiap tahunnya, termasuk sekitar 70% keju dan gula, hampir 80 persen buah-buahan dan sekitar 70 persen serealia dan lemak. Britania juga mengimpor lebih dari 50 persen dagingnya dan bergantung pada impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan produksi daging domestik. Jumlah penduduk Britania pada saat itu tercatat sebesar 50 juta. Salah satu strategi utama Jerman Nazi selama Pertempuran Atlantik adalah menyerang kapal yang sedang menuju Britania, membatasi industri Britania dan membuat mereka kelaparan agar mereka mau menyerah. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan kelangkaan pangan, memberlakukan sistem penjatahan. Untuk membeli barang-barang yang dijatah, setiap orang harus mendaftar di toko yang terpilih dan diberi buku penjatahan yang berisi kupon. Penjaga toko akan diberikan makanan yang cukup untuk para pelanggan yang terdaftar. Pembeli harus membawa buku penjatahan mereka saat berbelanja agar kupon yang terkait dapat distempel. (in) |
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Al comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial el Reino Unido importó cerca de 55 millones de toneladas de alimentos por año, incluyendo más del 50% de la carne, 70% del queso y azúcar, cerca del 80% de las frutas y casi el 90% de los cereales y grasas. Una de las estrategias principales de las potencias del eje era atacar y hundir la marina mercante que abastecía al Reino Unido, haciendo que la industria británica se resintiera y fuera más débil (véase Batalla del Atlántico). (es) Le rationnement fut appliqué au Royaume-Uni par décision du gouvernement britannique à plusieurs reprises au cours du XXe siècle, en particulier en temps de guerre ou immédiatement après. (fr) 'التقنين في المملكة المتحدة' تم تقديم التقنين بشكل مؤقت من قبل الحكومة البريطانية عدة مرات خلال القرن العشرين أثناء وبعد الحرب مباشرة. في بداية الحرب العالمية الثانية عام 1939، استوردت المملكة المتحدة 20٫000٫000 طن من الطعام بما فيهم 70 ٪ من الجبن والسكر و80٪ تقريبا من الفاكهة وحوالى 70٪ من الحبوب والدهون. كما استوردت المملكة المتحدة أكثر من نصف لحومها، واعتمدت على الأعلاف المستوردة لدعم إنتاجها المحلى في اللحوم. وقد كان عدد السكان المدنيين في البلاد حوالى 50 مليون نسمة. وقد كانت مهاجمة الشحنات المتجهة إلى بريطانيا وتقييد الصناعة البريطانية والضغط على بريطانيا بالتجويع هي إحدى الخطط الرئيسية للألمان في معركة الأطلسي. (ar) Penjatahan di Britania Raya sempat diberlakukan beberapa kali pada abad ke-20 pada masa perang dan juga beberapa saat sesudahnya. Pada permulaan Perang Dunia II pada tahun 1939, Britania Raya mengimpor 20.000.000 ton makanan setiap tahunnya, termasuk sekitar 70% keju dan gula, hampir 80 persen buah-buahan dan sekitar 70 persen serealia dan lemak. Britania juga mengimpor lebih dari 50 persen dagingnya dan bergantung pada impor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan produksi daging domestik. Jumlah penduduk Britania pada saat itu tercatat sebesar 50 juta. Salah satu strategi utama Jerman Nazi selama Pertempuran Atlantik adalah menyerang kapal yang sedang menuju Britania, membatasi industri Britania dan membuat mereka kelaparan agar mereka mau menyerah. (in) Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war. At the start of the Second World War in 1939, the United Kingdom was importing 20 million long tons of food per year, including about 70% of its cheese and sugar, almost 80% of fruit and about 70% of cereals and fats. The UK also imported more than half of its meat and relied on imported feed to support its domestic meat production. The civilian population of the country was about 50 million. It was one of the principal strategies of the Germans in the Battle of the Atlantic to attack shipping bound for Britain, restricting British industry and potentially starving the nation into submission. (en) |
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التقنين في المملكة المتحدة (ar) Racionamiento en Reino Unido durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial (es) Rationnement au Royaume-Uni (fr) Penjatahan di Britania Raya (in) Rationing in the United Kingdom (en) |
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wikipedia-en:Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom |
