Robert Ballard Long (original) (raw)
Robert Ballard Long, né le 4 avril 1771 à Chichester au Royaume-Uni et mort le 2 mars 1825 à Londres, est un militaire britannique ayant servi pendant les guerres de la Révolution française et les guerres napoléoniennes. En dépit de sa longue présence à l'armée, il n'obtint jamais de grand commandement en raison de son attitude abrasive envers ses supérieurs et de sa prétendue incompétence tactique.
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| dbo:abstract | Lieutenant-General Robert Ballard Long (4 April 1771 – 2 March 1825) was an officer of the British and Hanoverian Armies who despite extensive service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars never managed to achieve high command due to his abrasive manner with his superiors and his alleged tactical ineptitude. Although he remained a cavalry commander in the Peninsular War between 1811 and 1813, the British commander Wellington became disillusioned with Long's abilities. Wellington's opinion was never expressed directly, though when the Prince Regent manoeuvred his favourite, Colquhoun Grant into replacing Long as a cavalry brigade commander, Wellington conspicuously made no effort to retain Long. Other senior officers, including Sir William Beresford and the Duke of Cumberland, expressed their dissatisfaction with Long's abilities. The celebrated historian, and Peninsula veteran, Sir William Napier was a severe critic of Beresford's record as army commander during the Albuera Campaign; in criticising Beresford he involved Long's opinions as part of his argument. The publication of Napier's history led to a long running and acrimonious argument in print between Beresford and his partisans on one side, with Napier and Long's nephew Charles Edward Long (Long having died before the controversy reached the public arena) on the other. Recently, Long's performance as a cavalry general has received more favourable comment in Ian Fletcher's revisionist account of the British cavalry in the Napoleonic period. (en) Robert Ballard Long, né le 4 avril 1771 à Chichester au Royaume-Uni et mort le 2 mars 1825 à Londres, est un militaire britannique ayant servi pendant les guerres de la Révolution française et les guerres napoléoniennes. En dépit de sa longue présence à l'armée, il n'obtint jamais de grand commandement en raison de son attitude abrasive envers ses supérieurs et de sa prétendue incompétence tactique. Il commanda une partie de la cavalerie britannique dans la guerre de la péninsule Ibérique de 1811 à 1813, mais Wellington, qui commandait en chef les troupes dans ce secteur, n'avait aucune confiance en ses capacités et ne chercha pas à retenir Long lorsque celui-ci fut remplacé par Colquhoun Grant sur décision du prince régent. Ce jugement négatif fut notamment inspiré par un combat de cavalerie controversé livré en mars 1811 à Campo Maior, où une charge incontrôlée entraîna de lourdes pertes parmi ses hommes. Après son départ de la péninsule, Long n'occupa plus de commandement actif et mourut quatre ans après avoir été promu au grade de lieutenant général. Quelque temps après sa disparition, une controverse opposa son neveu et l'historien Charles Napier au général Beresford au sujet de l'affaire de Campo Maior. Beresford, qui commandait les troupes britanniques ce jour-là, critiqua le comportement de Long alors que ses contradicteurs accusaient Beresford d'avoir mal géré la situation. La performance de Long en tant que général de cavalerie a été réévaluée par l'historien Ian Fletcher dans un livre consacré à l'action de la cavalerie britannique dans la péninsule. (fr) Генерал-лейтенант Роберт Баллард Лонг (4 апреля 1771, Чичестер — 2 марта 1825, Вестминстер, Лондонское графство) — офицер британской и ганноверской армий, который, несмотря на длительную службу во время французских революционных и наполеоновских войн, так и не смог добиться высокого звания из-за своей резкой манеры общения с начальством и недостатка тактического мышления. Хотя он оставался командиром кавалерии в Пиренейской войне между 1811 и 1813 годами, его начальник, британский командир Веллингтон разочаровался в способностях Лонга. Своё мнение Веллингтон никогда не выражал напрямую, хотя, когда принц-регент начал интриги, чтобы заменить Лонга в качестве командира кавалерийской бригады своим фаворитом Колкухуном Грантом, Веллингтон явно не предпринял никаких усилий, чтобы сохранить Лонга. Другие старшие офицеры, в том числе сэр Уильям Бересфорд и герцог Камберлендский, выражали своё недовольство способностями Лонга. Знаменитый историк и ветеран Пиренейской войны сэр Уильям Нейпир подверг резкой критике Бересфорда в качестве командующего армией во время кампании Ла-Альбуэра; при этом он использовал мнение Лонга как часть своей аргументации. Публикация работ Нейпира привела к длительному и острому спору в печати между Бересфордом и его сторонниками с одной стороны, и Нейпиром и племянником Лонга (Лонг умер до того, как спор вышел на публику) с другой. Действия Лонга в качестве генерала кавалерии получили более благоприятные комментарии в ревизионистском отчёте Иэна Флетчера о британской кавалерии в наполеоновский период. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Robert Ballard Long, né le 4 avril 1771 à Chichester au Royaume-Uni et mort le 2 mars 1825 à Londres, est un militaire britannique ayant servi pendant les guerres de la Révolution française et les guerres napoléoniennes. En dépit de sa longue présence à l'armée, il n'obtint jamais de grand commandement en raison de son attitude abrasive envers ses supérieurs et de sa prétendue incompétence tactique. (fr) Lieutenant-General Robert Ballard Long (4 April 1771 – 2 March 1825) was an officer of the British and Hanoverian Armies who despite extensive service during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars never managed to achieve high command due to his abrasive manner with his superiors and his alleged tactical ineptitude. Although he remained a cavalry commander in the Peninsular War between 1811 and 1813, the British commander Wellington became disillusioned with Long's abilities. Wellington's opinion was never expressed directly, though when the Prince Regent manoeuvred his favourite, Colquhoun Grant into replacing Long as a cavalry brigade commander, Wellington conspicuously made no effort to retain Long. Other senior officers, including Sir William Beresford and the Duke of Cumberland, (en) Генерал-лейтенант Роберт Баллард Лонг (4 апреля 1771, Чичестер — 2 марта 1825, Вестминстер, Лондонское графство) — офицер британской и ганноверской армий, который, несмотря на длительную службу во время французских революционных и наполеоновских войн, так и не смог добиться высокого звания из-за своей резкой манеры общения с начальством и недостатка тактического мышления. Хотя он оставался командиром кавалерии в Пиренейской войне между 1811 и 1813 годами, его начальник, британский командир Веллингтон разочаровался в способностях Лонга. Своё мнение Веллингтон никогда не выражал напрямую, хотя, когда принц-регент начал интриги, чтобы заменить Лонга в качестве командира кавалерийской бригады своим фаворитом Колкухуном Грантом, Веллингтон явно не предпринял никаких усилий, чтобы сохранить Лонг (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Robert Ballard Long (fr) Robert Ballard Long (en) Лонг, Роберт Баллард (ru) |
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