Statistical proof (original) (raw)
Statistical proof is the rational demonstration of degree of certainty for a proposition, hypothesis or theory that is used to convince others subsequent to a statistical test of the supporting evidence and the types of inferences that can be drawn from the test scores. Statistical methods are used to increase the understanding of the facts and the proof demonstrates the validity and logic of inference with explicit reference to a hypothesis, the experimental data, the facts, the test, and the odds. Proof has two essential aims: the first is to convince and the second is to explain the proposition through peer and public review.
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| dbo:abstract | Statistical proof is the rational demonstration of degree of certainty for a proposition, hypothesis or theory that is used to convince others subsequent to a statistical test of the supporting evidence and the types of inferences that can be drawn from the test scores. Statistical methods are used to increase the understanding of the facts and the proof demonstrates the validity and logic of inference with explicit reference to a hypothesis, the experimental data, the facts, the test, and the odds. Proof has two essential aims: the first is to convince and the second is to explain the proposition through peer and public review. The burden of proof rests on the demonstrable application of the statistical method, the disclosure of the assumptions, and the relevance that the test has with respect to a genuine understanding of the data relative to the external world. There are adherents to several different statistical philosophies of inference, such as Bayes theorem versus the likelihood function, or positivism versus critical rationalism. These methods of reason have direct bearing on statistical proof and its interpretations in the broader philosophy of science. A common demarcation between science and non-science is the hypothetico-deductive proof of falsification developed by Karl Popper, which is a well-established practice in the tradition of statistics. Other modes of inference, however, may include the inductive and abductive modes of proof. Scientists do not use statistical proof as a means to attain certainty, but to falsify claims and explain theory. Science cannot achieve absolute certainty nor is it a continuous march toward an objective truth as the vernacular as opposed to the scientific meaning of the term "proof" might imply. Statistical proof offers a kind of proof of a theory's falsity and the means to learn heuristically through repeated statistical trials and experimental error. Statistical proof also has applications in legal matters with implications for the legal burden of proof. (en) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0430_0482_ZS.html |
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| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Bayesian_statistics dbc:Logic_and_statistics dbr:Probability_distributions dbr:Proof_(truth) dbr:Scientific_law dbr:Prima_facie dbr:Bernoulli_distribution dbr:Validity_(statistics) dbr:Inference dbr:Corroborating_evidence dbr:Natural_law dbr:Odds dbr:Critical_rationalism dbr:Statistical_inference dbr:Likelihood_function dbr:Statistical_proof dbr:Statistical_significance dbr:Deductive dbr:P-value dbr:Proposition dbr:Data_analysis dbr:Abductive_reasoning dbr:Falsifiability dbr:Normal_distribution dbr:Bayes_theorem dbr:Logical_disjunction dbr:Legal_burden_of_proof dbr:Mathematical_proof dbr:Philosophic_burden_of_proof dbr:Randomness dbr:Reason dbr:Heuristics dbr:Hypothesis dbr:Karl_Popper dbr:Scientific_theory dbr:Poisson_distribution dbr:Positivism dbr:Inductive_reasoning dbr:Axioms dbr:Experimental_data dbr:Statistical_hypothesis_testing dbr:Evidence dbr:Non-science dbr:Hypothetico-deductive dbr:Statistical_test dbr:Null-hypothesis |
| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:quote | "Where gross statistical disparities can be shown, they alone may in a proper case constitute prima facie proof of a pattern or practice of discrimination."ref|Supreme Court of the United States Castaneda v. Partida, 1977 https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC\_CR\_0430\_0482\_ZS.html cited in Meier (1986) Ibid. who states "Thus, in the space of less than half a year, the Supreme Court had moved from the traditional legal disdain for statistical proof to a strong endorsement of it as being capable, on its own, of establishing a prima facie case against a defendant." |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Logic_and_statistics |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Demonstration |
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| rdfs:comment | Statistical proof is the rational demonstration of degree of certainty for a proposition, hypothesis or theory that is used to convince others subsequent to a statistical test of the supporting evidence and the types of inferences that can be drawn from the test scores. Statistical methods are used to increase the understanding of the facts and the proof demonstrates the validity and logic of inference with explicit reference to a hypothesis, the experimental data, the facts, the test, and the odds. Proof has two essential aims: the first is to convince and the second is to explain the proposition through peer and public review. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Statistical proof (en) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Evidence_under_Bayes_theorem |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Statistical proof wikidata:Statistical proof https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4vkRC |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Statistical_proof?oldid=1094522703&ns=0 |
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| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Statistical_proof |